Kunonoka-mhando hypersensitivity: Development Mechanisation

Aichinja susceptibility kana reactivity kuti vatorwa fuma rinonzi chisimbwa (kubva muchiGiriki. "Maonerwo yokumwe"). The zita "chisimbwa" akauya ane musayendisiti yeAustria Clemens Pirke muna 1906. Iye akataura kushandisa izwi kutsanangura kuitwa siyana zvikonzero pamusoro muviri kubva zvokunze kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvinhu inotokonya izvi neutachiona, inonzi allergens.

American allergist R. A. e muna 1947 akasika kupatsanura pakati Kurwara okutanga. Maererano nerondedzero yake, pane nokukurumidza mhando hypersensitivity uye kunonoka mhando hypersensitivity. The ndewechiLatin ichakurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya ino. Chii chakakosha, nokukurumidza hypersensitivity siyana uye kunonoka-mhando akasiyana yekudyidzana nepedyo.

The musiyano mukuru

Pakarepo mhando hypersensitivity - maitiro ane antigen kuti kunoitika pashure 20-25 maminitsi pashure musangano wechipiri pamwechete allergen (antigen). Uye zvakaitwa kunonoka-mhando hypersensitivity It akaratidza haana kwokutanga pane pashure pemaawa mashomanana kana 7-8 mazuva. Muna 1968, PG Jello uye R. A. Kumbs akanyora yesayenzi bepa, iyo yaiti "The itsva kupatsanura pakati neutachiona." Maererano kupatsanura ichi vari 4 marudzi inokosha Kurwara.

Kurwara

• Type 1 - anaphylactic, atopic, reaginic. By kuratidzwa ichi mhando kunogona rakava angioneurotic edema, anaphylactic kuvhunduka, atopic Árbol asima, urticaria.
• Type 2 - cytotoxic kana cytolytic kuti kuonekwa zvinosanganisira neleukemia, hemolytic kupererwa neropa, kusawirirana kweropa raamai neremwana.
• 3 mhando - zvirwere kunzwisisa kana Arthus mhando. Zvinofungidzirwa zvachose uye Nde maitiro ari etiology serum chirwere, dzinonzi rheumatoid arthritis, chinonzi systemic lupus erimatoznoy. zvitatu Mhando zvose izvi zvine chokuita kuti hemagglutinin uye ndezvaJehovha pakarepo hypersensitivity.
• Type 4 - kunonoka mhando hypersensitivity, sero pakaunda mashandiro kunoratidzwa pokudzora kwomudzimu T-lymphocyte antigen-Heller.

sensibilization

Kunonoka mhando hypersensitivity siyana Sensitization chinhu muviri kune microbial maantigen, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, notumwe tupukanana helminths, nokuti chakagadzirwa uye zviwanikwa maantigen (makemikari, zvinodhaka) kuparadzana mapurotini. Most zvakajeka kunonoka hypersensitivity ikarumbidzwa kusvikira pakatanga maloimmunogennyh maantigen. A kuduku dose pamusoro maantigen pamusoro subcutaneous jekiseni kunokonzera kunonoka mhando hypersensitivity. budiriro mashandiro neutachiona uhwu mhando hypersensitivity ari T-lymphocytes kuti maantigen Heller. заставляет выделяться вещества, например, интерлейкин-2, которые активизируют макрофаги, происходит гибель антигена, вызвавшего сенсибилизацию лимфоцитов. Hypersensitivity dzinounzwa anoita lymphocytes fuma, semuenzaniso, interleukin-2, iyo Activate macrophages, antigen kunoitika rufu vakafurira sensitization pamusoro lymphocytes. T lymphocytes zvinosanganisirawo rwokudzivirira mashandiro naro utachiona zvabayiwa, utachiona kana majemusi.

chimiro ichi sensitization kwakacherechedzwa panguva muzvizhinji kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa zvakadai tibhii, njovhera, brucellosis, diphtheria, mycoses, helminthiasis uye vamwe, uyewo mune batanidza kurambwa.

muenzaniso

The kupfuura pachena muenzaniso wanda zvakadai ndiyo tuberculin ganda bvunzo Mantoux. Kana munhu uyo muviri tuberculous bacillus, kupinda tuberculin intradermally, ipapo 24-48 maawa ari jekiseni nzvimbo induration vakaumba 10-15 mm urikanwi pakati.

Histological ongororo inoratidza kuti nda anoumbwa kuitwa zvinhu zvakadai sekuimba lymphocytes uye monocyte-macrophage akatevedzana masero.

Aneri

Mune zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko kushaya akapindura. Izvi zvinonzi anergy, kureva kushaya kuita kuti mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira.

аллерген, попадая в организм, гибнет. Positive anergy kunoitika apo imwe allergen anopinda muviri, anofa. Panyaya iyi, chokutsva hakuitiki.

Negative anergy kunoitika apo muviri vasingagoni kuzvidzivirira pacharo, zvichiratidza kuti munhu simba. Chikonzero kushaya akapindura, kana zvingava zvishoma kuoneka zvinoderedza uwandu T-lymphocytes kana kukanganisa mitambo yavo, rinogonawo kukonzerwa yakawedzerwa basa T-suppressors.

Paraallergiya uye pseudoallergy

«парааллергия» и «псевдоаллергия». Pane Dzidziso "paraallergiya" uye "ekunyebera chisimbwa". при диагностировании инфекционных болезней, выражающихся аллергическими реакциями. Ivo kuitika mune chirwere zvirwere zvinotapukira, akaratidza neutachiona.

Paraallergiya - kana ane muviri utachiona ikasakendenga zvakafanana allergens Somuenzaniso, imwe utachiona TB anopindura atypical mycobacteria.

Ekunyebera chisimbwa - imwe chisimbwa Somuenzaniso, tuberculin pakuva achirwara neleukemia.

chisimbwa rwakazara

In sema nguva 3 inotsanangura tsoka:

1. Immunological Danho. иммунной системы. Panguva iyi, vose okunatsiridza ose zvirwere. Mumuviri allergen anosunga kune antibodies uye hypersensitive lymphocytes.
2. Pathochemical Danho. которые образуются в результате присоединения аллергена с антителами и гиперчувствительными лимфоцитами. Panguva iyi pakugadzirwa masero nevamiririri (bioactive makemikari), monokines, lymphokines, ayo inoumbwa Kuwedzerwa allergen kuti antibodies uye hypersensitive lymphocytes.
3. Pathophysiological Danho. Panguva iyi, chirwere chacho vakaratidzawo kiriniki. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti nevamiririri akaonekwa tigume dzomuviri munyama. Panguva iyi pane kuzvimba, kuvaviwa, kurwadza kwacho pamusoro wakatsetseka tsandanyama, uye dzimwe kweropa zvirwere.

Matanho aya kuona kunonoka-mhando hypersensitivity.

mabatiro

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma nyaya. Zvipatara yaifanira zvakajeka kubva pakurapa kukurumidza mhando hypersensitivity, kureva munhu kunonoka-mhando hypersensitivity - .. Ko masoja kuzvimba.

directionality

Treatment inofanira kuendeswa ane immunological pfungwa anogumbura kurapa uye neutralization pakati nayo utachiona. Asi, kurapa vanofanira kutanga mukuru mitemo mishonga sema zvirwere. Iva nechokwadi kuchengeta hypoallergenic kudya. In pakurapa ichi mhando hypersensitivity anopindura rinokosha nzvimbo etiological kurapwa kuti nechinangwa mhaka chirwere.

Mhando kunonoka-mhando hypersensitivity. kurapwa kwavo

Izvi rworudzi hypersensitivity iri dziya achariwisira, tuberculin uye granulomatous, saka kurapwa zvinofanira zvainanga imwe mhando.

• Contact hypersensitivity kunoitika apo kuita pamwe makemikari (cobalt, nickel, matanda Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, mekuri, etc.), Zvinodhaka, muchetura zvirimwa. Mukuwedzera chikuru mabatiro Kurwara, kuonana hypersensitivity Uyezve basa kurapwa kumbomira kudyidzana kunokonzera chisimbwa, kurapa zvainanga kubviswa kuzvimba, UV-irradiation.
• Tuberculin hypersensitivity chokuita nechirwere akadana tuberculin kana maantigen zvakafanana, saka haatarisiri kurapwa.
• Zvirwere kunonoka hypersensitivity kunoitika apo sensitization tusingaoneki zvichikonzera zvirwere zvakadai tibhii, njovhera, brucellosis, hwechigwadara, mwandabvu, parasitic infestations. Mabatirwo zvinotapuriranwa chisimbwa rinonyatsotarira kuparadzwa chirwere utachiona.
• Sema hypersensitivity kune soluble mapuroteni kunoitika apo vachinetesa zvirwere, umo muviri haatori proteinaceous yeimwe akadai mukaka, hove, mazai, nzungu, bhinzi uye zvimwe mapuroteni zviri zviyo. Anobudirira kurapwa kubva kudya inosiya zvokudya zvose kuti anokonzera Kurwara.
• Autoimmune hypersensitivity - ndiko kana muviri pachake munyama uye masero anobudiswa nehanya pachake antibodies, inova mhosva Kurwara. Kune mhando mbiri autoimmune chisimbwa.

First - ndiwo kana zvirwere nerevane haina wakaremara, asi pane autoallergens kuti kunokonzera havachanyatsogoni kutapata. Chechipiri - kana zvirwere kunopa kukundikana, hauzivi dzavo mapuroteni, uye apo vatorwa, saka anotenda kuti uyu allergen. Treatment iri symptomatic uye pathogenetic kuitwa randinogara mukushandisa immunosuppressants. Izvi ainyanya corticosteroids.

Hypersensitivity transplantation - kuparadzwa dzomuviri yokumwe midzi mumuviri. Kudzivisa Kurwara yakadaro inogona kusarudzwa nomupi yakanaka, uyewo rakavapa zvinodhaka immunosuppressive siyana kuti tunodzivisa zvirwere.

Saka, maitiro kunonoka mhando hypersensitivity ane rinorema kukosha. Panguva mwoyo hypersensitivity maitiro mashandiro ndiko kuzvimba, izvo zvinobatsira ruyamuro chirwere muzvinhu sei uye kugadzwa hwakanaka zvirwere.