Kupatsanura pakati mahormone. Basa mahormone mumuviri womunhu

Makemikari rinonzi makemikari vomumatunhu kwemamiriro murau mitambo muviri zvakakwana. Izvi nomuzvarirwo zvakasiyana zvinhu inokwanisa wokushandura anonongedzera masero. Kutaurirana kwavatori ava mugumisiro kuchinja divi uye kusimba muviri, kukura, kushanda zvinokosha mashandiro kana dzavo kudzvinyirira uye kururamiswa.

Kemikari - chinhu Organic namakemikari usage unobva muna kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero kana kwemakemikari anobudiswa migove zvakasanganiswa kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Vari dzinounzwa zvakananga womukati kwezvakatipoteredza, umo randomly richiparadzirwa uye zvifambiswe kuti kuvavarira nhengo. Pano vanokwanisa vanogona zvipenyu mugumisiro icho akaziva pachishandiswa receptors. Nekuti chimwe nechimwe kemikari ine kwakazara specificity chimwe Kanotokonya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinhu izvi kukanganisa munhu basa kana muitiro mumuviri. Kupatsanura kubudikidza kuitwa mahormone, zvinyama tropism uye kuti makemikari mamiriro anoratidzwa zvakanyatsojeka.

Pfungwa mukuru kukosha mahormone

Modern kupatsanura pakati mahormone inokurukura zvinhu izvi multiple pfungwa maonero. Uye vanobatana nomumwe chinhu: hormone inonzi Organic yeimwe, ane kwetunhu rinowanikwa chete mumuviri. Kuvapo kwavo maitire anenge vertebrates zvose murau mitambo muviri ndiko nechiyero basa humoral uye huta nehurongwa. Zvino kwakaonekwa kwokutanga pane ari phylogeny pamusoro huta humoral pamutemo hurongwa. Kunyange mhuka chinyakare akanga, kunyange zvazvo akanga mutoro inokosha mabasa.

Makemikari uye pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvikuru hurongwa zvoutachiona vanoshingaira zvinhu (Masvingo) uye yakananga receptors kwavari maitire kunyange masero. Zvisinei, pfungwa "kemikari" uye "Bhanabhasi" havasi zvakafanana. Kemikari inonzi Bhanabhasi, riri secreted kupinda dzomunyika ezvinhu uye ane nokuitika boka masero kure. Bhanabhasi, akavapindurawo, anoita munharaunda. Mienzaniso pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu, izvo uyewo vachinzi kemikari-zvakadai zvinhu zviri chalones. Izvi zvinhu vanosunungurwa muchitokisi hwevanhu, sezvamakaropafadzwa tunodzivisa kubereka uye chengetedza apoptosis. Muenzaniso Bhanabhasi zvakare prostaglandins. Modern kupatsanura pakati mahormone allocates kwavari rinokosha boka eicosanoids. Vari aiendeswa yokwaanogara mutemo kuzvimba munyama uye aite hemostatic pezvakaitwa pachiyero arterioles.

Chemical kupatsanura pakati mahormone

Makemikari makemikari marongerwo rakakamurwa mapoka akawanda. Izvi runodziganhura uye mashandiro chiito, nekuti izvi zvinhu dzakasiyana waivako tropism kuti mvura uye lipids. Saka, makemikari kupatsanura pakati mahormone riri sezvinotevera:

• peptide boka (dzinounzwa nokuda pituitary shwanu, ari hypothalamus, rwatata, uye parathyroid gland) ;
• steroid boka (kwemakemikari anobudiswa dzinounzwa chikamu varume gonads uye adrenal cortical nharaunda);
• boka amino asidhi nomukaka (inoumbwa ne thyroid shwanu uye adrenal pfungwa rukoko);
• boka eicosanoids (pachena masero vari synthesized kubva arachidonic acid).

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti munhukadzi pabonde mahormone zvinosanganisirwawo mu steroid boka. Zvisinei, steroids vari pedyo uye makuru havasi: kufurirwa mahormone iyi mhando haina chokuita anabolic kushanda. Nokudaro muviri wavo haiiti kuti paumbwe 17-ketosteroids. ovarian mahormone, kunyange zvayakaita akafanana nevamwe steroids, asi havasi. Nokuti synthesized kubva remafuta akawandisa, kurerutsa inokosha namakemikari classifications, vari semunhu navamwe steroids.

Kupatsanura panzvimbo kwetunhu

Hormone yomuchipatara anogona kugoverwa uye panzvimbo kwetunhu. Vamwe vari akaumba mune peripheral munyama, apo vamwe - nechepakati tsinga. On iyi zvinoenderana nzira secretion uye kwebhuku nenhumbi chinokonzera imwe vasinganyatsooni zvazvinokonzera. Kupatsanura pakati mahormone munzvimbo seizvi:

• hypothalamic mahormone (kwokusunungura zvinhu);
• pituitary (tropic hormone, vasopressin uye oxytocin);
• thyroid (calcitonin, triiodothyronine uye tetraiodothyronine);
• parathyroid (parathyroid kemikari);
• nedpochechnikovye (norepinephrine, epinephrine, aldosterone, cortisol, androgens);
• pabonde (oestrogens, androgens);
• pancreatic (glucagon, jekiseni);
• jira (leukotrienes, prostaglandins);
• APUD mahormone (motilin, gastrin, etc.).

The wokupedzisira Boka hormone zvinhu haina aizvinzwisisa. Zvinonzi synthesized ari kupfuura boka kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero iri yepamusoro zvikamu ura, nerwatata. chinangwa chavo ndechokuti waidzora exocrine secretion kwemasero zvomudumbu uye intestinal motility.

Kupatsanura pakati mahormone pamusoro mugumisiro mhando

Various hormone zvinhu vane Migumisiro siyana mune chaivo munyama. Vari akakamurwa inotevera mapoka:

• metabolic regulators (glucagon, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, cortisol, jekiseni);
• anodzora mashandiro anoita zvimwe kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero (hypothalamus muchisunungura zvikonzero, tropic pituitary mahormone);
• regulators calcium phosphorus muviri (parathyroid kemikari, calcitonin uye calcitriol);
• regulators mvura-munyu zvakanyatsoenzana (vasopressin, aldosterone);
• regulators ose dzokubereka nerevane (bonde mahormone);
• stressor mahormone (norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol);
• anotonga uye ichikutadzisa nokuwedzera mwero muchitokisi weboka (kukura kemikari, jekiseni, tetraiodothyronine);
• regulators ari nechepakati huta hurongwa, chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita hurongwa (hydrocortisone, adrenocorticotropic kemikari, testosterone).

The secretion pamusoro hormone chokufambisa

Secretion pamusoro mahormone kuitika nokukurumidza pashure kwetunhu kwavo. Voparadzwa zvakananga mukati ropa kana tishu Urume. Last nzvimbo secretion hunhu eicosanoids: havafaniri kuita kubva mumasero, nekuti mashandiro yokudzora chinokosha yose vemo. Uye ovarian mahormone, pituitary, rwatata, uye vamwe vane ropa rakapararira munyika muviri kunotsvaka kubaya nhengo dzine chaiyo receptors kwavari. Kubva ropa vanopinda mu intercellular fluid vanotumwa kuti sero rokutanga chipfuro nenyere.

Chiratidzo kuchinjirwa pamusoro Kanotokonya

The pamusoro kupatsanura pakati mahormone vanoratidza pafuma sei munyama uye zvomukati. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvinokwanisika chete pashure nokusungwa makemikari kuna Kanotokonya. Recent akasiyana uye dziri pamusoro pemvura masero uye cytoplasm, pamusoro Kamudzira renyukireya uye mukati musimboti. Nokuti nzira chiratidzo yedzimudzangara zvinhu zviri rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

• extracellular hutachiwana mashandiro;
• chiratidzo transduction.

Izvi kupatsanura inokosha mahormone inobvumira kuti vafunga pamusoro chiratidzo hutachiwana nokukurumidza. Somuenzaniso, imwe extracellular mashandiro zviri kupfuura intracellular. Ndiwo maitiro adrenaline, noradrenaline nezvimwe peptide mahormone. Intracellular mashandiro ndizvo kuti lipophilic steroids. Uyezve, vabatsirwe nhengo kunokwanisika nokukurumidza mune kwetunhu peptides iri. Pashure kugadzirwa steroid mahormone, ndiye nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva zvikuru uye avo chiratidzo transduction mashandiro uyewo DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA faniro mapuroteni usage uye kuibvisa.

Mamirire zvichikurukura mhando

The extracellular mashandiro runozivisa peptide mahormone, zvisingagone kuwana kuseri cytoplasmic Kamudzira kupinda cytoplasm pasina imwe transporter mapuroteni. Per Se haina inopiwa, uye chiratidzo iri chinopfuudzwa kuburikidza adenylate cyclase hurongwa nokuchinja kubva conformation pamusoro Kanotokonya zvivako kwaari.

Intracellular mashandiro ari nyore zvikuru. It rinoitwa mushure kupinda pakati lipophilic zvinhu kupinda muchitokisi, apo vanosangana pamwe cytoplasmic Kanotokonya. Naye, anoumba kemikari-Kanotokonya yakaoma, izvo anopinda neerekitironi ane zvainoita magene chaizvo. activation wavo unotungamirira kutanga mapuroteni usage, inova samolecular migumisiro kemikari ichi. The chaiwo zvazviri ichitova puroteni kuti anoita aida basa pashure ayo kwetunhu uye dzidzo.