Kupopota kweiyo turbine pane injini dizeli panguva yekuwedzerwa: zvinogona kukonzera uye kugadzirisa dambudziko racho

Mazuva ano motokari inowanzogadzirwa ne turbocharger - kuitira kuti iwe unogona kuwedzera zvikuru simba uye kushanda kweiyo midzi-pasi uye ine simba shoma-injini. Sezvinozivikanwa, hapana injini inogona kushanda zvakanaka pasina huwandu hwemhepo. Kuti upise mudzimba dzinopisa imwe yefurairi, iwe unoda kusvika 11 000 makiro e okisijeni. Asi kuitira kuti mhepo iwire mukati mezvigadziri, inofanira kupfuura nepakati pemafuta, iyo inowedzera yakawanda, ichipfuura nehope uye inopinda muchigaro chechigaro uye valve pachayo. Chido chemotokari mumhepo hachina kumbogutsikana zvachose. Iyo turbocharger inoita kuti mhepo iwedzere uye inokuputira mumakamuri anopisa. Panguva yekushanda, turbine inogona kubudisa inzwi. Vakawanda vemotokari vanotya. Ngatitsvakei kuti ino node yakarongwa sei, ingave mheremhere yeinjini ine injini yedieleri panguva yekuvhara kune ngozi, uye iyo inotaura.

Nezvokusika turbine

Vazhinji vadzidzisi vemotokari vanonyatsogutsikana kuti turbo injini inenge ichangobva kuitwa. Zvinotendwa kuti zvakaonekwa muhafu yepiri yezana remakore rechi20, apo inenge yose mienzaniso yemudhizimusi yeGermany yemotokari yakanga yakagadzirwa ne turbochargers. Asi izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi. Zuva rokuberekwa kwe turbo injini inofungidzirwa kuva 1911. Yakanga iri iyo iyo injini yekuAmerica Alfred Buchi akakwanisa kuwana patent yekugadzirwa kwemabhizimisi kwechigadziri chinobvumira kakawanda kuwedzera simba uye unyanzvi hwemagetsi ezvinowanzogadzirwa.

Asi nemashandiro ese emakwikwi aya ekutanga, aive akakura muhukuru uye kakawanda akawedzera kurema kwejini. Kubudirira kwe turbocharging yemotokari dzemotokari kwakamira, asi pamagetsi emotokari emotokari akashandiswa zvikuru. MuUnited States, automakers yakanonoka kugadzirisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera. Zvadaro (asi, sezviri ikozvino), danda rakaiswa pamagetsi ekudenga. Pano pane kunyange shoko rokuti "hapana chinotora nzvimbo iyo."

MuEurope, mafuta akabatwa zvishoma kudarika kuUnited States. Mukuwedzera, muzana ramakore rechi20, Europe yakatarisana nematambudziko ehuni. Automakers yakatanga kuderedza huwandu hwemotokari, asi kuwedzera simba. Izvi zvakabatsirwa nehuwandu hwemagetsi. Inyanzvi yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu yakashandurwa, zvisikwa zvegadziriro zvakava zvishoma. Zvisinei, pakati pezvikanganiso zvakanga zvichiri huwandu hwekushandisa mafuta - turbo-supercharging pakati pevashandi vemotokari avo vasina kuwana mukurumbira.

Element mujini injini

Sezvaunoziva, injini ye diesel yakagadzirwa muna 1893. Nokufamba kwenguva, kugadzirwa kwayo kwakanga kuri kupedzeredzwa, zvakawanda zvaiiswa pasi nekuchinja kudzokorora uye kuchinjwa. Injiniya dzakashanda nzira dzokudyisa mhepo inosanganiswa, pamwe chete neyero yacho pachayo. Ipapo injiniya dzakagadzira turbine yakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kubereka nekushanda kwechikwata ichi nokuda kwehuwandu hwakazara hutsvene hwemafuta mumakona. Izvi zvinowanikwa mukudzvinyirira kwemhepo mukati memamiriro ekunze - izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera kuwanda kwemhepo inopiwa. Saka musanganiswa wakapisa zvachose, uye zvishoma zvinokuvadza zvakabudiswa mumhepo.

Iko kune turbines yepasi yakamanikana uye yakakwirira. Zvirongwa zvekumanikidzika kwepamusoro zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, uyewo zvakagadzirwa zvakakosha.

Kuvaka

Ikozvino turbocharger yemazuva ano chinhu chinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera. Idzi idzi mbiri, imwe neimwe yakagadzirwa ne compressor uye turbine. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekupisa kusingagadziki-masimbi esimbi. Iyo turbine inosungirirwa nehutori chaiyo - iyo inewo kushorwa kumatambo akakwirira.

Uyewo mumugadziro kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana. Mitumbi yavo inogadzirwa nekukanda kubva kune zvigaro zvendarira zvendarira. Bhero rinopfuurira kuburikidza navo, rinobatanidza compressor gumbo kune turbine rotor. Kutsigirwa uye kupinza mabheji zvinowanikwawo .

Nheyo yekushanda kwe turbocharger

Iyo shanduro yebasa ndeyotevera. Mishonga inopisa iyo yakasunungurwa kubva kumhepo yakawanda inopera inoenda kune turbocharger inlet. Zvadaro vanofamba nepamba dzemvura-mukana mumutumbi une chikamu chepakati-shanduko. Kubudisa gasi sezvavanenge vachifamba mumugwagwa kunowedzera kukurumidza kwavo uye vanoita gumbo rekutinhira-pasi pechiito ichi rinotenderera. Nhamba yezvokudzoka kweiyo turbine rotor inobva pane zvinhu zvakawanda. Pakati pekufambisa kunomhanya ndeye 1500 rev / sec.

Mhepo kubva kunze, ichipfuura nemhepo inosvina, inonatswa zvakasvibiswa uye inomanikidzirwa kupinda mune zvakawanda. Ipapo mureza unoguma. Iko kusanganiswa kunowedzera kuomeswa uye kupiswa. Ipapo iyo inopisa yakawanda inotanga. Pavanopinda mudzimba dzinopisa motokari inogadzirwa.

Zvinotonhora kupisa mweya unopisa unobva ku turbocharger. Saka huwandu hunowedzera uye ivhu re oksijeni rinoderera. Iyo cylinder inogamuchira mhepo yakawanda, iyo mushure mekusanganiswa nemafuta ichapisa zvakanyanya. Pamusana peizvi, simba rinowedzera kuwedzera uye mafuta ekuderedzwa akaderedzwa.

Kana iyo turbine mheremhere

Mukushanda kwekushandisa kuburikidza naro kunopfuura huwandu hwemhepo, iyo inosanganiswa nefurairi, kuwedzerwa uremu hwekusanganiswa. Oxygen inoputirwa pasi pekumanikidzika kukuru - pasi pehudziro kunogona kuridza mhere pamwe chete kana pasina. Chimwe chezvikonzero ndekwekuputsa kwehutsika hwehurongwa.

Izwi iri rinogona kungwarira. Asi usakurumidza kuenda kunorwara mune SRT. Iwe unogona kuedza kugadzirisa chinetso iwe pachako. Chinhu chokutanga nyanzvi dzinokurudzira ndezvekuti uone imwe yehutoni yemhepo mune injini yekudonha. Kazhinji, apo kune runyanga rweinjini ine injini dizeli panguva yekukurumidza, kune kumwe kuwedzerwa kunya. Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko racho, shandura mafikisi, simbisai zvipfeko uye zvakasimba.

Mukana wekuparara kwepombi dzemapazi vanochinjwa kuva itsva. Kugadzirisa havakwanisi kuisa pasi, uye kuisa iyo yekare kushandiswa haina kukurudzirwa.

Kana sangano iri rakasimba uye kurira kuri kuchinzwika, saka kuwedzera kuongorora kunokosha, nokuti turbine inokosha zvikuru yezvinhu zvekushanda iyo inofanira kushanda zvakanaka. Vakawanda havazivi, asi rwiyo ruduku rweinjini yejini injini panguva yekuwedzerwa chinhu chinowanzoitika. Asi kana iyo iyo inotinhira, zvatove yakabatana nezvinetso.

Ko turbine kuridza mhere?

Kazhinji, compressors dzinoita izvi zvinonzwika paunenge uchida kuchinja maitiro mukati ma 1.5 kusvika ku 2.5,000 revolutions. Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvina basa kuti unokurumidze kukurumidza sei. Kuchema kunenge kuchiri kuitika. Inzwi haritauri, kunyange kana kutendeuka kuchiwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, maitiro ejini haashanduri nenzira ipi zvayo. Kungofanana nokuwanda kwemhepo inopfuura ne turbocharger inopinda nemakomba anokosha, ayo akazopedzisira asisina maitiro. Somugumisiro, mutyairi anonzwa kubva mujeri rejini iyo ine nheyo yakaipa yemhepo panguva yekukurumidza.

Chiedza chekuridza mhere-mhere zvinogona kuonekwa kunyange pazvitsva zvitsva. Asi inokurumidza kupfuura. Uye mushure mechinguva, kana chigadzirwa chacho chiri kushanda zvakanaka, chete mheremhere yemotokari inonzwika. Kana iyo turbine mheremhere uye inokurumidza kuwira, shandura bhasi, iyo inosungiridza iyo kune intercooler. Dzimwe nguva kupisa kwemhepo kunopisa pachako kunogona kuva mhosva. Kana pakanga paine rwiyo munguva yekukurumidza, yakafanana nechekacheka intercooler, unoda kuita gwaro rekuongorora - kugadzirisa iri nyore kupfuura turbine. Chikamu chinogona kuiswa chisimbiso kana kuchinjwa nechitsva kana zviitiko zvakakomba zvisingaiti.

Sei kuwirirana kwechikwata? Ichokwadi ndechekuti chinhu chinosungirirwa mberi kwemotokari. Haisi chete iyo iri pamberi peirairi, iyo yakagadzirirwawo nechepasi pebasa. Nokudaro, matombo akasiyana anogona kupinda muno.

Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikonzero nei kune runyanga rwemotokari pane injini dizeli panguva yekuwedzerwa. Nenzira iyo, intercooler haisi kuiswa pajini dzose dze turbocharged. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo muhutano. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, compressor ine mafuta ekuzorora (somuenzaniso, pane injini yedizieri "Kammniz" kubva ku "GAZel-Bhizimisi").

Zvinokonzera kuchema mhere

Nhamba yekudzoka iyo iyo inoshandiswa zvakakwana inoshandiswa inoshandiswa ne turbine inosvika zviuru gumi paminiti. Zvechokwadi, kurira kwechibhakera pane injini ye diesel panguva yekuwedzerwa chiratidzo chekuora mwoyo mukati mekubatanidzwa kwehurongwa. Mafuta ekuridzira mhere nekuda kwekutenderera kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kuburikidza nemagetsi. Iwe unogona kugadzirisa matambudziko aya iwe pachako. Kuti uite izvi, unoda kuwana nzvimbo iyo inokonzera mazwi aya.

Uyewo, kuchema kweiyo turbine panguva yekudhinda nekukurumidza kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekufamba kwemhepo chero kupi zvako kubva pane zvinowanikwa mumutambo we intercooler. Uyewo, ruzha ruchaitika kana pane zvipakati pakati pemusoro we-cylinder uye kubata zvakasiyana-siyana Kana iyo gasket ivhuniwa, zvino iyi ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvekuridza mhere. Inzwi rinogonawo kuitika kana zvinhu zvekunze zvinopinda mukati memagetsi.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekusavhiringidza

Kwete kungoridza mhere panguva yekufambisa kunogona kuratidza kusakosha kwesuniti. Pane zvimwe zviratidzo. Pavari unogona kuona kuti turbine inoda kugadziriswa. Tichatarisa zvinowanzoita zvisingaiti zvechikwata nemuvara wekupera.

Blue Smoke

Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chekutanga uye chinonyanya kuratidza kuparara. Paunenge uchidaidzira, utsi hwebhuruu huchabudiswa kubva pombi yekuneta. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana motokari iri kumhanya zvishoma, hazviiti. Chikonzero chacho chiri mumafuta anovhenekera ayo achapinda mukati mezvigadziri zve injini nekuda kwekudonha kubva ku turbocharger. Iwe unogonawo kunzwa unhu hunoridzirwa nheyo paunenge uchiridza kasi.

Utsi hwakasviba

Utsi hwemuvara uyu hunoratidza kuti pfuma yakawanda inopisa mumagadziri nekuda kwekuputika kwemhepo mumitsara yekupomba kana mu intercooler. Chimwe chikonzero ndeye electronic control system. Inogona kukundikana. Mukuwedzera, chengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu emajena.

Utsi hwakachena

Chikonzero chekugadzirwa kweutsi ichi chinofanira kutsvaga muhuni yei-turbine yokudonha majekki. Kana pane mafuta ekudonhodza pamuviri wechipiniti kana kuti uripo pamhepo inopinza mibhota, izvi zvinokonzerwa nehurongwa hwakavhara mumhepo inotengesera duct. Mhemberero ye turbine inogonawo kugadzirwa. Somugumisiro, kupedza gasi kune marara asina kusimba.

Mhedziso

Takabvunzisisa kuti nei kune rwiyo rwechirongwa chejini injini panguva yekuwedzerwa, zvikonzero zvekuonekwa kwezvinhu izvi. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanobatanidzwa nemhepo inoputika. Iwe unogona kubvisa kushushikana iwe pachako. Asi kana kuparara kwakanyanya kuipa, saka hatigone kutarisana nedu. Majeko emanhasi ane mazano akaoma, uye kugadzirisa kunonyanya kupiwa kune vashandi. Vanokwanisa kugona nekutinhira kweiyo turbine mariri.