Kutamisirwa anokoshesa contiguity. Metonymy: Definition

Shoko rokuti "metonymy" rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki rinoreva "rename". muhwezva ichi, chinova kuchinjwa ukoshi nokuda contiguity - neapo kana dzose - zita imwe kirasi zvinhu, kana munhu yoga rimwe kana mumwe kirasi, chokuita naye munyaya imwe mamiriro ezvinhu kana contiguity.

Chii mazita anogona Kutamiswa

Hwaro metonymy vari spatial, Conceptual, chiitiko, musoro uye syntagmatic ukama pakati zvimwe Mapato kuti muri chokwadi uye kuratidzwa kwayo mupfungwa dzevanhu, enshrined mune chaiyo zvichirehwa mashoko - pakati vanhu, zvinhu, zviito, zviitiko, pezvakaitwa, zviitiko, magariro masangano, nguva, nzvimbo, etc.

The zita inogona Kutamiswa:

1) pamwe mudziyo uri chitsama kugutsikana kana zvirimo pacharo, akadai "girazi" - "Kunoyera yakaoma uye mvura vakawanda," "kunwa mudziyo";

2) zvokunyama kuti zvigadzirwa wakaita kubva: "mhangura" - "coppers," uye "simbi";

3) kubva mumusha, nzvimbo pamusoro akabatanidza chiitiko kana kuisa yokurarama kwevagari vayo "musha yose iri kuseka kwaari", "Road" - "rwendo", "nzira akaisa nokuda inofamba," "rwendo nguva";

3) chaiyo chiito pamusoro wayo mugumisiro, nyaya muzvirongwa chiito (chombo, chinhu, nyaya) kana nzvimbo: "Regai" - iyi ndiyo nzvimbo chokufambisa, uye chimwe chinhu chaicho, "pembe" - zano kuti ping kuita muridzo;

5) siyana mashoko zvakananga kugutsikana kana chairo, zvinhu pachake ari kugutsikana rose, "ane bhuku anofadza" kuchireva, uye "bhuku guru" - nyaya;

6) tama kukosha adjacency nesayenzi, indasitiri zivo nyaya kwayo ndiEzekieri, "girama" - ichi "mutauro maitiro" uye "davi wemitauro";

7) nezviitiko, magariro zviitiko pamusoro chikamu: "Musangano ichaitwa muna June," uye "The Conference vakabvumirana kukosha chisarudzo";

8) pamwe kupfungwa zvemagariro sangano iri panzvimbo, kuti raora wevashandi vayo, "fekitari akaenda ranwa" uye "kugadzira fekitari";

9) ane chikamu chose, ndiEzekieri, "peya" - "zvibereko" uye "muti" (kuchinjwa zita nechikamu chose inonzi synecdoche - nyaya inokosha metonymy);

10) neumwe kunetsa ari honzeri rake "rinotyisa" - "chiitiko inotyisa" uye "kutya";

11) Zita Munyori inogona kushandiswa kureva wokugadzira zvaakasika, muenzaniso, kana mabasa ake: - ". Zita tenzi" "muzvizivise verenga NdiTolstoy kuti" Bull "fenicha neimwe mhando yokushongedzwa" uye

nguva metonymy

Metonymy, kuratidza kudyidzana pakati pfungwa, Mapato, uye / kana zvinhu, inova nguva kana anosika kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro yemashoko shoko-inotungamirwa mhando uye zvakawanda mazwi, kazhinji tichibatanidza mune mhando dzakasiyana tsika: chiitiko, INDICATIVE, nyaya (kongiri uye chaihwoihwo). Somuenzaniso, mazita chiito anoshandiswa nguva kutsanangura zvimwe zvichizoita sangano ( "basa", "basa", "nyaya", "mhinduro", "chivakwa").

polysemy suffix

Kana analogical chinja rinoitwa nguva mukati shoko-kusikwa mhando, mugumisiro wayo kungava polysemy suffix pachinzvimbo substrate (enzanisa Somuenzaniso, kukosha zvakadai yoku suffixes -enie, -anie). Kushamwaridzana nevamwe zvinhu pamusoro adjacency uye napedyo kuti musoro pfungwa tinoshandurirwa coherence tsika. Metonymy iyi mhando anoshanda imwe chinangwa - nominative, uye zvinoita kuti pave lexical mutauro nzira.

Chii chinokonzera metonymy

Tanga kuti zvigadziriswe pakati mudungwe munzira dzakasiyana-siyana syntagmatic transformations. Kuitika nguva dzose pamusana vaitaura kana zvirevo metonymy, inova mugumisiro dzinonzi elliptical rutapudzo rugwaro anoramba kazhinji pamwero zvayo zvishoma ezvinhu kushandiswa kwayo, pasina nokusika mashoko akapoteredza akazvimiririra ukoshi itsva, somuenzaniso: "Munguva miziyamu pane vaviri Van Gogh" (kureva kuti "mbiri mifananidzo Van Gogh "), asi haugoni:" kune mumwe Van Gogh ichifananidzwa mukadzi wechiduku ".

Kukurukurirana nemashoko akapoteredza

Chinonyanya chakasimba kubatana nemashoko akapoteredza chinhu metonymy yakadaro (mienzaniso mumutauro Russian, ona pazasi), apo pakunzi pamamiriro ezvinhu, tichifunga Predicate, ipfupi chete kuti chinoumba chinhu tsika: "Chii chanetsa -" Heart (musoro, mazino, huro) "- zvichireva" mwoyo pari (musoro, mazino, huro). kushandiswa iri shoma chaizvo kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro uye syntactic achinzi. Saka, vamwe zvinoreva yokufananidzira (mienzaniso - "mwoyo", "musoro") haigoni zvasangana Maitiro verbs uye adjectives, nokududza hunhu chirwere uye marwadzo. Hatigoni kutaura "simba (anokakavara, chenjera) mwoyo" kana "mwoyo zvinowedzerwa (hwakawedzera kuipa, kwakawedzera)." Panyaya iyi, kuchinjwa kukosha adjacency haangasimbiswi pasina mashoko akapoteredza kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro zviri kutaura. Inoshanda senzira yokuzivisa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro dzakasiyana kushandiswa kwayo. Wokufananidzira zvinoreva, mienzaniso zvange ambotaurwa hwakada chokuita akapoteredza.

Rakashandiswa metonymy

Used metonymy (synecdoche kazhinji) sezvo negashiro munhu ezvinhu muchikwata chinhu nokuda kwayo zvokunze individualizing mashoko. Proisllyustriruem kufunga kwedu. Tora mazano aya metonymy, kufanana, 'Hey, ndebvu! "," The ngowani kuverenga pepanhau. " kushandiswa kwakadaro zvakafanana rinobva kureva chavanopinda - substantivized chipauro uye pazita, Chitatu "Beard" uye "Bearded", "Bearded". mhando iyi metonymy (mienzaniso iri waJehovha mutauro chii -. Little Red akatasva Washington, Little Longnose, etc.) kazhinji anoshanda senzira rakasikwa nicknames, nicknames.

Chiratidzo pasocial boka

Kana chinhu inonzi metonymy, ndizvo nevanhu vakawanda, izvozvo zvinogona midzi mutauro uye sezvo pakunzi imwe evanhu boka Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "bast" zvingaratidza chimwe Russian murimi mudiki ari pre-echimurenga kumwedzi. Asi izvozvo metonymy isina denotative (kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro) hachichinji. In siyana zvenhoroondo achinzi anonzi "ndebvu" rinoshandiswa kureva vakachenjera, vanhuwo zvavo, vanokudzwa, vakuru, uye rimwe boka vechidiki. Metonymy mienzaniso mumutauro Russian, izvo zvatichangobva kutaurwa, chinhu chakajairika zvikuru.

Syntactic nzvimbo metonymy

Kushandiswa muhwezva ichi (synecdoche, zvikurukuru) anonyanya kureva nyaya yokutaura rinobatanidza pamwe syntactic nenzvimbo yacho, kurapwa uye kuwedzererwa. Sezvo Predicate ezvinhu kutakura kukosha adjacency havachamboshandisi, nekuti hazvina kuita chero basa zvinoratidza. Kana metonymy rinoshandiswa Predicate, zviri rinochinjwa kuva dimikira, se "ngowani" - a "bungler", "Shoe" - ". Dongo, mumwe vapera basa murume" Kushandiswa mazita ari Predicate ukoshi partitive kazhinji anoshumira zvinangwa aspektizatsii nyaya hakunganzi kakawanda sezvo kuchinjwa zviri adjacency. Ngationei muenzaniso wedu pfungwa. Funga izvi: "Aiva pfungwa kupanduka" - rinoreva hunhu zvimwe ari munhu, kuti chaiwo - ake nevakwegura, unhu zvedzidzo.

Synecdoche harishandiswi ipi tsika mitongo, kana avo neShanduro, izvo suma nyaya iri chokurondedzera nyika. Somuenzaniso, hatigoni kutanga nyaya namashoko akadai :. chete paiva (mumwe, vamwe) Red akatasva Washington "kushandiswa iri haisi vachinzwisisa sechiratidzo munhu, uye somunhu pachake yacho.