Almanac - chii ichi? Almanac "Around the World". "Kuvhima dzezvimwe" - the almanac

Nyaya ino kutaura rimwe remabhuku ekare kare wakasika nevanhu. Almanac - chaicho akapona, vakaenda nokuda kwavo nhoroondo refu vakawanda kuchinja, asi haana kurasa kwayo kushanda uye yokukurumidzira.

tsananguro

Almanac - a Serial racho kuramba nhamba iri muunganidzwa kamuri, iro rine mabhuku uye mifananidzo kana asiri yokunyepera nyaya. Izwi yakatanga kune Arab "Almana", iro rinoreva "nguva chiyero". Mugore rechi14 uye rechi15 emakore almanacs chinhu calendar matafura Kuwedzera dzenyeredzi.

Kubva mhando iyi inonzi bhuku kubudikidza kusavapo dzose periodicity - kazhinji chinhu almanac panze kana kamwe pagore kana kwete zvachose kuva nezvatinenge kusunungurwa mazuva. Rine mashoko pamusoro chinzvimbo dzakasiyana mabasa: ruzivo pamusoro reserved kune chaiko, kufambira mberi mune zvesayenzi, zvemitemo kuchinja, uye zvichingodaro. Saka, avo munharaunda almanac pedyo mhando makarenda Directories.

Almanac munyika yekare

Almanacs akazviratidza kare. The VaRoma vekare kuparadzira manyoro akaunganidzwa, zvichiratidza misi mazororo echitendero. VaEgipita vakanga nzira mahwendefa ematombo, yaiva mashoko pamusoro kwebasa mapuraneti. MuDenmark uye Norway makarekare yakabereka matete mhangura, emapuranga, akataura kuna Nemhemberero siyana. Munguva yekare, almanac - iri pakutanga raiva bhuku karenda uye hwenyeredzi hunhu.

Almanac mu Europe

MuEurope, wokutanga akadhindwa Anthology rinoti akazviratidza muVienna muna 1457. Aigona kunyange kushandisa munhu asingagoni kurava nokunyora, sezvo tichibatsirwa kutaurwa siyana kuakunda uye muchadenga mananara zvave kuratidzwa. The almanac rine ruzivo pamusoro kwebasa mapuraneti, rejenaguru misi, kwemvura Zvaifungidzirwa, moto uye nzara. Muna 1474, yakafanana muunganidzwa yakabudiswa muHungary, muchiLatin nechiGerman. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi16 netsika yokusunungura anthologies siyana muEurope mvumo rokupedzisira. Kuwedzera inokosha ruzivo, edition ino zvinosanganisira mashoko pamusoro Mint, tsamba motokari, dare dzimba, misika uye nhumbi. Kuti uwane vade uye kufarira kwamachinda, ari Anthology rinoti vakatanga kubudisa mazita nevafundisi, dzinza midzi uye zvichingodaro. kuunganidza yakadaro inonzi dare kana youmambo. Vari rakatanga kubudiswa muna France, ipapo Saxony uye Prussia, uye gare gare - muEngland. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kuwedzera pakanyorwa mashoko ari almanacs vakatanga zvinosanganisira nhetembo, anecdotes, pfupi nyaya. Pashure panowanikwa makarenda, kudhindwa, kuunganidza izvi zvazova mhando bhuku periodicals. Paiva zvoupfumi, dzinza, chitendero, nedzenyu almanacs.

mabhuku almanac

Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi mhando bhuku rava kuwedzera kunakidza uye anodzidzisa. Pari Almanac - magazini raiva rakasiyana anoshanda mashoko, zvikuru iyo ine mubereko kuitika mhando. Available mu kuunganidza kubudikidza mhando enisaikoropidhiya, umo kuMudzidzisi Data anobudiswa gore negore. dzimwe nguva almanacs izvi vanonzi Annual. The inozivikanwa nezve iyi mhando - ndiye "Almanac of eki wekare", yakavambwa muna 1970 na Francis Moore. Zvisinei, vakawanda zvikuru, kutanga Western Europe uye mune dzimwe nyika, vakatanga kushandisa mabhuku anthologies. Ivo akazviratidza pakati pezana remakore rechi18 muFrance. Mumwe wevakatanga kusunungurwa Paris (1746-1833) «L'Almanach of afungisisa anoti». MuGermany akava akakurumbira almanac «Musenalmanach», yakabudiswa Gottingen muna 1770-1807 gg. Akazozviratidza «Musen-Almanach», umo Schiller akabudisa nhetembo ake haana kubudiswa (1796-1800).

Almanac muRussia

First yakabudiswa Russian Almanac - dzakaunganidzwa "anodes" N. M. Karamzina, wakasikwa mukupera rechi18 mukutevedzera kumadokero nevezvenhau. Muna 1920-1830-ies muRussia wakabuda anopfuura makumi maviri anthologies. A. S. Pushkin akadana "Almanashnik" rinokosha mhando vaparidzi. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, shamwari uye vavengi nyanduri guru yakabereka akatevedzana mabhuku anthologies. Almanac "Polar Star" (mabhuku, 3 1823-1825 gg.) Rakabudiswa K. F. Ryleevym uye A. A. Bestuzhevym, pamwe kutora chikamu nevanyori vakakurumbira vakadai V. A. Zhukovsky, A. S. Griboedov, FV Bulgarin, I. A. Krylov, A. S. Pushkin, PA Vyazemsky, F. N. Glinka, VK Kyuhelbekker, ea Baratynsky. MuThe "Mnemosyne" (1824-1825 gg.) Wakapikisa shanduro mana, yakabereka VK Kyuhelbekker uye V. F. Odoevsky. Anthology rinoti "Northern Flowers" wakabuda 1824 kusvika 1831 vachitungamirirwa O. M. Somova uye A. A. Delviga. Makore akawanda gare gare, mukuvamba remakore rechi20 Symbolists makatanga chokubudisa mabhuku muunganidzwa zvakafanana zita. Updated "Northern Flowers" akamira shanu shanduro - muna 1901-1904 uye 1911.

ano almanac

Nhasi Almanac - dzakaunganidzwa dzinonakidza kuna zvakasiyana vateereri. Inogona kuva chinhu anonakidza misoro vaverengi. Writers vanowanzotevedzera kubudisa mabasa avo ari pamadiro yakasimbiswa mapoka. Muenzaniso uri kunozivikanwa mabhuku almanac "Metropol", rakabudiswa mumutauro makopi 12 chete muna 1979 muMoscow samizdat nzira. Kubatanidzwa ichi kusunungurwa uncensored muunganidzwa akatora Bella Akhmadulina, Evgeniy Reyn, Andrei Voznesensky, Vladimir Vysotsky, Yuri Kublanovsky, Henry Sapgir, Yuz Aleshkovsky Yuri Kurabchievsky nevamwe vasina chigamuchirwe mukuru wokudhinda. Vanyori Recalcitrant muSoviet Union ndavhiyiwa zvose zvemarudzi kunetswa, kopi "Metropolis" wabatwa muUnited States uye kuparadzirwa ikoko rakadhindwazve nzira, uye Vasily Aksenov achidonongodza nyaya iri yokufungidzira yake "Iti Cheese".

Almanac "Islam munyika ano" vakazvitsaurira kuna dzechitendero uye socio-enyika matambudziko nyika vaMuslim, inowanika zvemagetsi chimiro uye papepa. Vanyori rino kukurukura mamiriro Islamic kwebudiriro kubva enyika, zvoupfumi uye nzvimbo maonero.

Top almanacs Russian

"Kuvhima dzezvimwe" - Anthology rinoti nokunyora mabhuku uye zvinoyevedza kugutsikana, yakavambwa muna 1950. Panguva yacho kare izvozvo akatsungirira dzakawanda zviitiko nemateru nezvisingafadzi uye ava mumwe mukuru kunovhima mabhuku Russian. Pakati vanyori ayo anozivikanwa vasayendisiti uye vezvematongerwo enyika, vadetembi nevanyori, vatungamiri uye vatambi, uyewo vanhu ounyanzvi hwokugadzira siyana. "Kuvhima dzezvimwe" - akapona dzakaitika uye mabhuku ukoshi.

Munguva ichangopfuura almanacs aonekwa kwete chete muchimiro akaunganidzwa akadhindwa, asiwo paterevhizheni sefa. Somuenzaniso, mashoko almanac "Around the World" - a TV anoratidza kuti Radio uye Terevhizheni of USSR mutemo kwokunwa "Travelers 'Club". Kinoalmanah kutepfenyurwa mumhepo kubva 1988 kusvika 1990-fung gore, uye yaiva ruzivo kunakidza pamusoro zvombo, kufamba, hunhu uye nounyanzvi. Kutamisirwa akanakidzwa kukurumbira kukuru.

mhedziso

Saka almanac - mufananidzo bhuku, iyo nguva dzose vakaramba nevakawanda uye akakodzera. Vataurewo zvavanofunga pamusoro vemarudzi ose nyaya, kubudisa mabhuku zvaakasika kana kunakidza mashoko ichifarirwa zvakawanda vaverengi zvinogoneka kuti muunganidzwa. Zvino almanacs zvinowanikwa zvakasiyana zvinogona: anodhinda, zvemagetsi uye terevhizheni.