Lem Stanislav: quotes, photo, biography, bibliography, reviews

Munyori akakurumbira kubva kuPoland Lem Stanislav akakunda rudo rwevaverengi munyika yose nemabasa mumhando yesayenzi uye yefilosofi. Munyori akava munyengeri wemakadhi akawanda echiPolish uye kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira mari yehurumende yeAustria, Poland, muKafka Mubayiro. Uye akazovawo Knight of the Order yeWhite Eagle, mubati wezvidzidzo zvechikoro, chiremba wekuremekedza wemayunivhesiti akawanda. Imwe firimu yakaisvonaka "Solaris" yakasikwa zvichienderana nebasa rezita rimwe chete, rakanyorwa naStanislav Lem.

Biography

Imwe nyanzvi yezvenyanzvi yezvenhema yakaberekerwa muguta rePoland yeLviv munaSeptember 1921 mumhuri yechiremba anoremekedzwa neLvivs. Akapedza kudzidza kubva kumurume wejimini muna September 1939. Uye ipapo Lviv yakava guta reSoviet. Lem Stanislav aida kudzidza zvidzidzo zvesayenzi, asi haana kukwanisa kupinda muyunivhesiti yakawanda. Nekubatsira kwababa vake akagadzirirwa mune chikoro chezvokurapa ndokutanga kudzidza ipapo pasina kushingaira.

Makore maviri gare gare, Lviv yakazova guta reGermany, uye dzidzo dzekudzidzisa dzakagumisa basa ravo. Akange asiri nyore, munyori weramangwana. Zvakajeka zvechiJudha zvakabva zvaita kuti hupenyu hwake huve mubasa reine nguva yakazara yakaoma. Aigona kupinda mughetto ndokufira ikoko, sezvakaitika pamwe nevose vaLviv intelligentsia. Zvinyorwa, zvisinei, zvakakwanisa kururamisa, izvo izvo Lem Stanislav akazvigadzirisa semagetsi mune imwe yeGermany yakagadzirwa nechisimba. Muna 1944 Lviv akazovazve guta rePoland, uye munyori weramangwana akapfuurira dzidzo yake kuchipatara.

KuPoland

Zvisinei, muna 1946 Lviv zvakare yakava guta reSoviet, uko zvitsigiro zvepasi zvema bandera zvakaparadza vanhu vePoland vari pasi pemudzi-midhoro yose, uye mumaguta yakanga isina kugadzikana. Poles mukupindura kunharaunda yavo yakaparadza misha yeUkrainian.

Nokudaro, Joseph Stalin akagadzirisa nyaya idzi nenzira yekudzorerazve. Kwemazuva anoverengeka inenge yePoles yose yekumadokero kweUkraine yakasimuka kuPoland, uye vanenge vose veUkraine vaibva kuPoland vakaenda kumadokero kweUkraine. Lem Stanislav akapindawo muhukuru hukuru hwekufamba uye akaenderera mberi nekudzidza kwake kare kuYunivhesiti yeKrakow - pahurumende yezvechiremba, iyo yaasina kubata nenzira yakasiyana.

Tanga

Kunyangwe kuongororwa kwekupedzisira hakuna kudarika, pave kugamuchira chidziro chete, asi kwete diploma. Zvichida nokuti aitya kuita chimwe chinhu chaasingadi, kana kuti zvichida "akagura" kubva muuto, nokuti ane diploma aifanira kuita basa sechiremba wemauto. Akagara muna 1948 apedza kudzidza kubva ku yunivhesiti kuenda kune vesayenzi yezvesayenzi semubatsiri wechidiki uye akafara zvikuru nezvazvo.

Akange asiswedereki kune chero basa chero ripi zvaro, kunze kweiyo, uye rakanga risati risiri unyanzvi. Kubva muna 1946 akatanga kutaridza mabasa ake anoshamisa, kureva, akava munyori. Stanislav Lem, mifananidzo yayo zvino ingangodaro munhu wese akaona, uye vazhinji vanoiisa nguva dzose padhesiki rake, yaiva panguva iyoyo yaakawana mukati make chaaitsvaga.

"Murume anobva kuMaris" uye "Astronauts"

Nyaya yake yokutanga Czlowiek z Marsa yakadhindwa muNowy Swiat Przygod - yevhiki nevhiki magazini. Vaverengi vanobatanidzwa nepfungwa, chaizvoizvo kubva pamabasa ekutanga aStanislaw Lem akava munyori muPoland tsika, kunyange zvazvo bhuku guru risina kuonekwa nokukurumidza.

Yakanga iri kare 1951, apo Astronauci ("Astronauts") yakangonyangarika kubva mumashalopu pedyo pakarepo. Stanislav Lem akanyora ikozvino, kuongororwa kwemabasa ake akanga atova pamapeji ema periodicals ose epasi, zvisingataudziki.

Hapana zororo

Vakawanda veRimu vaifamba vachipoteredza Germany, Czechoslovakia. Kazhinji akaenda kuSoviet Union, kunyange zvazvo asina kumboda nepakati pfupi, kana nehurumende imwechete yezvematongerwe enyika (uye iye akaona zvose zvese). Zvisinei, pazvaive zvakakosha, akati uye akanyora kuti anoda uye anoremekedza ...

Muna 1982, apo Poland yakanzwa zvakare hondo, Stanislaw Lem, zvinyorwa kubva pamabasa avo vanhu vakange vatoshandisa pasinei nokuti vagari venyika, nzvimbo yekugara, zvepabonde nemakore, vakatamira kuAustria, kunyange zvazvo nyika ipi neipi yaizofara panguva iyoyo. Akararama makore makumi masere nemana, pasinei nematambudziko ehafu yekutanga yehupenyu hwake. Zvisinei, mwoyo waiva usina kunaka, ndicho chikonzero akafira muna March 2006.

Style

Stanislav Lem, uyo mabasa ake anonyanya kutaura pamusoro pekutadza kukurukurirana kwevanhu nevanhu vanobva kunze kwenyika, akanyora zvakawanda pamusoro pehutano hwemangwana. Zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvinoratidzirwa nechinangwa chezvinangwa zvevanhu vose, pedyo nemhando yeuttopia, apo munhu anoshungurudzika nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwekodzero.

Iko magwaro azere kuseka, kunyengera, filosofi. Izvo zvisina zvavanoita vese vesayenzi inhema, iyo yakashamisa Stanislav Lem, inotsanangura kubva ku "Iyon Tikhoy's Star Diaries", somuenzaniso, inoshandiswa mumakumi emakore akawanda. Kwete kwete, munyori aisada kwete fikisi chete, asiwo yekusurology.

Kubwinya

Mabhuku eRim akashandurirwa mumitauro inopfuura makumi mana, uye kunewo akawanda kwazvo aakatengeswa - kupfuura mamiriyoni makumi matatu emakopi. Yakagadzirwa makumi maviri emapurogiramu ezvinyorwa zvemabasa ake, iyo iyo chikamu chikuru chakatorwa nePoland uye USSR, asi pamwe chete navo Czechoslovakia, Germany, England, USA uye kunyange Azerbaijan zvakaonekwa. Izvo zvakanakisisa pamifananidzo ndezvekuti, "Solaris", akatema Tarkovsky, kunyange zvazvo Stanislaw Lem, uyo ane mabasa akanaka kwazvo ose akagamuchirwa uye akanzwisiswa muU.SR, haana kukoshesa ichi chimiro. Uyezve, akadana Tarkovsky "idiot" nokuda kwechirevo chepfungwa chisina kururama.

Zvisinei, nokuda kwemufananidzo wakafanana weAmerica naClooney, iye akangokunda. Uye ndezvechokwadi kuti hapana mazano ekutanga pane akadaro. American science fiction Lem haana kuda uye akatsoropodza kusvika pakuti akadzingwa kubva kuAmerican Society of Science Fiction. Kwete kuziva Bradbury naShackley, Clark naAsimov, akataura zvakanaka chete pamusoro peStrugatsky, kunyanya kurumbidzwa "Picnic pamugwagwa." Zvaiita sezvisinganzwisisiki kwaari kuti akanga asiri iye akanyora.

Duramazwi

Stanislav Lem - munyori anozvarwa mushoko rekusika. Nhamba yeoologisms yakasikwa uye inoshandiswa nevateveri yakadarika mazana mapfumbamwe. Chizhinji chezvose, Poles neRussia vaiva nerombo mune izvi. Vashanduri vakashanda pamabasa aRimi ane tarenda, uye kuswedera kwemirimi kushandurwa kwakabatsira vakabatsirwa, saka tinogona kufara zvizere nekusekwa kwemunyori.

Shanduro mumasauro asiri echiSlavic akanga asina ruzivo, uye hazvigoneki kuti vaAmerica kana vaFrench vaizokwanisa kuwana mufaro wakafanana nokuverenga mabasa aStanislaw Lem. Zvichida, pasina tsanangudzo zvinonzwisisika kuti pamishonga - "altruizin", rudzi rwei nzvimbo - "besilnya", iyo ma robots anonzwisisika anonzi munhu "akarasika" uye kupfuura "bubble" uye "kubhururuka" akasiyana nebhomu rinowanzogara. Uye izwi rakanaka - "nhema", pakarepo kujekesa-kugadzirwa. Pasina uroyi uye "mukana" ne "maruva".

Munyori anonyatsoziva uye anonyatsoisa pfungwa dzake mumashoko anoti: "Mishonga, mbeveve, pfungwa dzakajeka, isingagoni kuparadza nepfungwa, inoita zvinorayira." Uye wakangwara anotanga kufunga kuti inobatsira zvikuru: kugadzirisa basa rakarongwa kana kuedza kubuda mairi? " "Mhedzisiro yemitoro yehutsika yakawanda kwazvo kudarika kuwanda kwemitemo yekutonga." "Chinangwa chekukwegura ndechekuti unowana ruzivo rwusingagoni kushandiswa."

Mhemberero

Sezvo pamwe nekunyengedza kwakadaro kwezvifananidzo zvemitauro, kufara kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvezvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvechokwadi zvakakoshawo: utopia, uye anti-utopia, uye nhau dzisina kufanana nezvenzvimbo, uye kushandiswa kwemajasitiri makuru , imwe nzvimbo iripo uye mune ramangwana rakazara, nyika iri pedyo nekona, yakazara nevaya vanodhaka, uye Kukunda kwevanhu, vakakunda zvose ...

Uye kwose kwose wakaparadzira mamwe mabhomba, achiita kuti muverengi afunge, uye kwete seStanislav Lem anofungidzirwa kufunga. Bhuku rake rekunyora mabhuku rakakura zvakanyanya zvokuti rinoita kuti zvikwanise kugara pazvinhu zvakanyanya zvakajeka.

"Masekondi 137"

Uyu ndiwo nhoroondo yekare mumhando ye sayenzi yenhema, apo pfungwa yacho inoshumira semunhu mukuru - inhare inopinda mukati memakombiyuta. Futurology, iyo munyori akatevedzera kumabasa mazhinji, inowanikwa pano mune zvimwe zvekufanoona, kufanotaura zviitiko zvisingabudiriri. Chirongwa chacho hachina kuzvininipisa, asi chinokwaniswa nezvinetso zvefilosofi, somuenzaniso, kuti nguva inoonekwa sei mupfungwa dzemunhu. Nguva inguva yechipimo chakaoma kunzwisisa.

"Absolute emptiness"

Izvi zvakanyorwa kubva kune munhu wokutanga, apo munyori anoshanda semutsoropodzi wezvinyorwa anoongorora mabasa asina kunyorwa. Nzira dzakawanda dzefilosofi, kuseka, kunyengedzera kwekunyengedzera maererano nemafungiro avo pachavo pamusoro penyika iyo hero inonyora inogara. Iri ibhuku pamusoro pezviroto zvisina maturo uye kupera kwemafungiro makuru mumhedziso isina kukwana, sezvo kuripo apo zvose zvakakundikana zviripo.

Altruizin

Kunyange pakati pemabhobhoti kune mitsara, kana iri nyaya inonakidza. Mumwe Dobricius, iro rakagadzirisa robot, murenje rakafunga makore makumi matanhatu nemanomwe akareba, ndokubva asarudza kufadza vavakidzani. Ipapo mumwe waaishanda naye Klapautius akaudza nyaya inofadza kubva muupenyu hweNES, iyo iyo iyo yakasvika kuNDS (iyo yakakwirira kwazvo pakuvandudza). Ivo, zvakare, vaishuva kuita kuti nyika yose ifare - pfuma, satiety, zvakawanda zvezvakanaka. Uye chii chakabva pane izvi? Mufaro munhu wose anonzwisisa nenzira yake ...

"Dzoka kubva nyeredzi"

Iyi inoveli haifaniri kuva nehutsanana hwemhando, iyo inowanzowanikwa mumunyori. Izvi hazvifungidziri uye zvakakura, pane zvinopesana: zvinetso zvayo zvine chokuita nehutano hwevanhu, hupenyu, hukama hwemhuka uye munhu. Mukumutswa kwaHerbert Wells (Time Machine), Stanislaw Lem inokurudzira nyaya yekugadziriswa kwevanhu munharaunda, apo hero inozviwana penguva yezviuru zvemakore iri kure neakaberekerwa. Pano, zvakare, kune usiri, uye hukama hwakakomba, uye fungiro, uye chokwadi, nekunyomba, uye phantasmagoria. Hakuchina zvipfeko, asi pane unhu hwakawanda uye husingazivikanwi hwepfungwa dzevanhu.

"Dzidzo yeTsifrushi"

Klapautsiyu akanga asingasviki kune Trurl, mutariri weyunivhesiti - chinyorwa chinotambudza, uye Trurl mumuchipupuriro wakavakwa nemashiripiti, ainzi Tsifrushey uye akatanga kumudzidzisa. Boredom zvishoma nezvishoma zvakasara, Trurl aiita zvebhizimisi uye akarega kunzwa asurukirwa. Zvisinei, zvakaitika kuti mukugadzirisa kwekudzidzira kuputsa kwakaonekwa, nokuti meteorite mitatu yakawira mumutsara kumunda weTurur, uko yaive nedzimwe naCyflus, iyo yaiva muswe wechando yekaze yekare. Mune meteorite iyi vaenzi vasingatarisirwi: dhibheti, mutambo uye android, umo girazi rine chepfu rinonamatira muruoko rwake. Truer naTsifrusha vakabva vanyengedza uye vakamutsidzira vaenzi vavo, uye vakateerera nyaya dzinonakidza ...