Life kutenderera rwakazara uye kukura matatya

Ichitanga upenyu ane datya, gametogenesis, muchangosangana nezvimwe nemwaka zviitiko anotomirira zhinji kwokunze zvinhu pamusoro. Life inenge amphibians zvose zvinoenderana nokuwanda zvinomera uye tumbuyu vari dziva, uyewo mhepo uye mvura tembiricha. Matatya secrete mumatanho akasiyana-siyana okukura, kusanganisira larval (zai - mudumbu - tadpole - datya). Tadpole metamorphosis kupinda mukuru ndechimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa transformations mu zvipenyu, sezvo kuchinja izvi kugadzirira aqueous muviri pasi kuvapo.

Development matatya: mapikicha

In tailless amphibians, dzakadai matatya uye toads, metamorphic kuchinja zvikuru raidudzwa, anenge ose nhengo unogadzurudzirwa. The muviri chimiro inoshanduka zvikuru. Pashure pakuonekwa veshure uye pamberi makumbo muswe zvishoma nezvishoma nokupera. Chondrocranium tadpole kunotsiviwa ne uso dehenya mudiki datya. meno Horny kuti anoshandiswa kudya tadpole mudziva miti kunyangarika, muromo uye shaya vari itsva chimiro, zvakawanda dzakabudirira tsandanyama rurimi, nani kuti abate Nhunzi nezvimwe zvipembenene. Elongated muura, runowanzoitika herbivores, wakaatapudza kuti ajairane Mbeswa zvokudya mukuru. Pane imwe padanho pokumuka matatya gills Zvibvisike nemapapu kunowedzera.

Chii chinoitika pakarepo pashure muchangosangana?

Nguva pfupi pashure muchangosangana, zai anotanga kufamba kubva muchitokisi chimwe mudariro mu nedanho weboka. The cleavage rokutanga mhuka danda kunotangira uye kunosvika vertically kusvika vegetal padanda, unonyatsoruramisa zai mukati blastomeres maviri. The cleavage rechipiri anotora nzvimbo dzinoita kuti pakutanga kurudyi, unonyatsoruramisa zai pa 4 blastomeres. Chechitatu paburi uri pamakona zvakarurama maviri okutanga, ari pedyo nemhuka pane kuti vegetal danda. It Anopatsanura pamusoro zvina zviduku pigmented nzvimbo pasi mana. Panguva iyi, embryo ane kare 8 blastomeres. Uyezve mapoka vari kuva zvishoma dzose. Somugumisiro, unicellular zai zvishoma nezvishoma dzikwanise mudumbu chete-celled, izvo panguva iyi anonzi blastula, riri danho achiri 8-16 Sero anotanga kuwana Urume yakazara mhango nzvimbo. Pashure dzakatevedzana kuchinja Monolayer blastula anotendeuka huviri-Dzinogara mudumbu (gastrula). Izvi zvakaoma muinonzi gastrulation. Zvenguva pavaipfuura matatya padanho iri inosanganisira paumbwe anodzivirira akaturikidzana matatu: ectoderm, mesoderm uye endoderm, izvo inonziwo chikuru utachiona akaturikidzana. Gare gare izvi zvitatu akaturikidzana hatch mazana.

Tadpoles (larval Danho)

Inotevera pavaipfuura Kugadzirwa datya pashure mudumbu ndiro dukutu, izvo anobva containment goko mukati 2 weeks pashure muchangosangana. Pashure vanonzi kusunungurwa datya mazana dzinonzi tadpoles, izvo zvakawanda akafanana nehove duku inenge 5-7 mm pakureba. mazana muviri kunosanganisira akasiyana musoro, hunde uye muswe. Basa kufema gadziriro iri kuridzwa zviviri zviviri duku kwokunze gills. Fully akaumba nhengo tadpole iri chakatorwa kuti swimming uye kufema, mapapu vari kukura remangwana datya kubva mumutsipa wake.

rakasiyana metamorphosis

Water tadpole kaviri nhevedzano kuchinja anozoguma kuichinja kuva datya. Panguva metamorphosis zvimwe larval zvivako zviri akaderedzwa, uye vamwe kuchinja. Metamorphosis akatanga thyroid basa, unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu.

1. Kuchinja chitarisiko. Kura hadzi nemakumbo, majoini kuva, pane mimwe. Forelimbs, achiri zvakavanzika pazvirugu unodzivirira inokosha, enda panze. The muswe ipfupi, nechivako waro zvishoma kuputswa uye panzvimbo yaro hapana chakasara. Eyes panhivi vari kutamira pamusoro pomusoro wako uye tigove bulging, mugadziriro lateral mutsetse nhengo kunyangarika, ganda wevekare akachenurwa, uye itsva, pamwe yakawanda ganda omumuviri, anovandudza. Horny shaya inonyangarika pamwe larval ganda, izvo kutsiviwa rushaya zvechokwadi, chokutanga shwashwa uye ipapo pfupa. muromo pakakoromoka ari yekudyidzana kwakawedzera, vachibvumira guru datya vachidya nezvipembenene.

2. Kuchinja pezviri anatomi. Gills vanotanga anorasikirwa zvadzinoreva Vachaoma, chiedza kuva uye dzichipfekeka zvikuru. Runoenzanirana kuchinja kuitika munyika vascular ino. Zvino gills zvishoma nezvishoma kurega kuridza basa iri kweropa, zvikuru ropa anotanga iyerere mumapapu. It anova-chambered matatu mwoyo. Kuchinja kubva vakawanda muriwo zvokudya evasingatombonamati Mbeswa kudya kunokanganisa alimentary Canal pakureba. Zvinonzi compressed uye chakamonyana. Muromo anova vakwanise rushaya kuva mutauro kunowedzera, dumbu uye chiropa vari kuva akakura. Pronephros chakatsiva mesospheric neitsvo.

3. Kuchinja mararamiro. Panguva kuchinja kubva mazana kusvikira vakura Danho yemhindumupindu ane datya pakatanga metamorphosis, kuchinja mararamiro amphibians. Kazhinji kusvikira pamusoro kuti mhepo uye kudza mumapapu.

Datya - a vakasiyana shanduro akura datya

Pazera vhiki 12, tadpole ane chete chiduku vakasara muswe uye afanane shanduro maduku mukuru, inova 16 vhiki, kazhinji rinopedzisa yakazara kutenderera kukura. Development uye mhando dyidzana matatya, vamwe matatya vanogara pane mukuru altitudes kana kuchitonhora munzvimbo, anogona kugara tadpole rwakazara yechando zvose. Zvimwe mhando vangava rakasiyana nemamwe pachake mumatanho ayo okukura, izvo waisiyana chinyakare vaya.

datya lifecycle

matatya Most dzinoberekera mumwaka wemvura, kana reservoirs vari dzinozara nemvura. Tadpoles ane simba rakasiyana kudya vakura vanogona kushandisa zhinji algae uye zvinomera mumvura. Eggs rinokosha unodzivirira mondo hadzi unoradzikira pasi mvura kana mbesa yaiva pedyo, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange hanya kuvazukuru. Pakutanga tuvana Sechipanji dzavo mondo reserves. Kamwe embryo rava tadpole, tadpole mondo urwa uye rinobuda ake anodzivirira nevamwe. Kukura datya mazai kupinda mukuru pamwe vanoverengeka kuchinja kunzwisisa (chitarisiko nemakumbo achidzikisa muswe, nhengo dzomukati rearrangement, nezvimwewo). Somugumisiro, vakuru mhuka zvayo yakarongeka, mararamiro uye zvakatipoteredza yakasiyana yapfuura nzendo pakukura.