Mackintosh inoratidzirwa muna Kremlin: "The Manifesto wokugadzira itsva"

Mackintosh chaizvoizvo rinosanganisa yose zvinocherechedzesa British panguva uri Nouveau mapurani. Scot pakuberekwa, chose upenyu hwake hwose kuti kuita unyanzvi nyika yavo yakakurumbira. Kazhinji panguva pashoo iri Moscow Kremlin akaisa rinonyatsooneka ounyanzvi chete. It anoshanda nenzira kunozivikanwa vemifananidzo, vavezi vemabwe uye ezvivako, akaziva yose.

Kujairika kuratidza, Photo

Makamuri One-Mbiru Chamber of Patriarchal Palace akazviratidza emapuranga nezvigaro akasiyana dzakakwirira uye zvekunyanyisa. On masvingo vanonyatsoteerera mifananidzo kujairwa nyaya.

Next kwavari nharaunda mune chaizvo maitiro.

Musiyano pakati modernity uye abstraction kubva nguva unogona kuonekwa nerimwe tenzi wokuScotland.

Nemhaka epakutanga Vagadziri pamusoro kusvika pakati kuratidza, iri kuratidza akanga muNzvimbo mumwe ichi mapurani Monument, apo shasha kuratidzira vari Kremlin. Mumwe-Shongwe Chamber, akachengetedzwa kubva XVII remakore, zvakananga vakasarudzwa nokuda pashoo horo. The kuitika pashoo centre anotsigira basa Mackintosh.

Art British muRussia

Charles Rennie Mackintosh, ane kuratidzwa rakazaruka muMoscow - chinoshamisa mufananidzo kunyange kujaira zvose kujairika zvinhu British. The Gallery of Modern Art Tate Modern mashomanana zana vakanyanyisa mifananidzo, zvivezwa uye decoration okunze. Zvino vagari Russia kazhinji vachiyemura dzekare unyanzvi, chaizvoizvo maitiro uye kare. Hapana kujairika mu ndechokuti pashoo Macintosh muna Kremlin akava kutekenyedzwa kuti mafeni ounyanzvi uye mapurani.

Charles akaberekwa kure 1868, uye akafa muna 1928. Muupenyu hwake akakwanisa kuona uye nyika kurwisana, hondo uye pose. Zvimwe hwake kunooneka mabasa nemunyori.

Mumiririri Arts School, riri pari pakati maindasitiri muguta Glasgow, Scotland McIntosh akarumbidza kwemakore anouya. Nouveau chaizvo akauya mupenyu pasi ake mufanidzo zvokushandisa. Chakazozivikanwa idzva uye vakatanga kutamba itsva chinangwa.

Akararama panguva kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri uye akashanda kusvika mhesano anoverengeka siyana art.

Modern patsva

Mackintosh akapa mhepo modernity yechipiri, izvo pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri akatanga kupfuura pacharo. Artist kubudikidza muumhizha, iye vakabudirira zvikabatanidzwa kupenda pamwechete mapurani.

Kuumba mazano fenicha kana kutungamirira bhurasho pamusoro kanivhasi, McIntosh, ane inoratidza yakakurumbira zvakadaro, haana kumbova vachitya itsva siyana, kubatanidza mavara. Uye zvinhu vaakasarudza kuti zvisikwa zvitsva, kuita mumwe nomumwe basa rake zvachose akasiyana. Chakava chikuru Kufuridzira geometric zvitarisiko.

Before Mackintosh panguva makanaka panguva yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo mhando. Kuva nevakawanda panguva iyoyo, mapurani wokugadzira kwakakurumbira nanhasi. The symbiosis hwemazuva uye dzekare chikoro, kwacho uye tsika yaisagona nani kumiririrwa vane pashoo muna Kremlin.

Ndianiko Mac uyu?

In Scotland, baba modernity rinonzi Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Artistic tarenda akaona kunyange chesekondari, raakanga pamwe chete manheru makosi panguva School of Art Glasgow. Nokuti mano ake, Charles akagamuchira wokuwedzera bhezari, izvo akwanise kuenda Italy uye France. Munyika idzi, zviri aifungisisa ounyanzvi ose mapurani, zvivako uye mifananidzo. Paakanga yadzoka Scotland, Mackintosh asarudza zvaanoda muupenyu, uye vakatanga kuita kurota.

Haana kuzeza kushanda kungonotandara draftsman ari munharaunda mapurani rakasimba, iyo akazova muridzi. Nechekare muna 1893 kwakanga wokutanga chirongwa chinoshamisa Charles Tower "Glasgow Herald". Charles akawana waunodzidza kubva Art School uye akararama naye upenyu hunofadza.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Europe atora basa rake nechido, ushingi kuchinja British mapurani haana kunzwisisa.

Genius aiva nhengo boka vemifananidzo anonzi "Quartet." The boka rakaumbwa mumakore mudzidzi, Charles. Rakanga rakanyorwa shamwari yake Gerbert Makneyr, uye hanzvadzi mbiri, Frances uye Margaret Macdonald. "Glasgow Style" Pamwe, ivo veRugare zvachose itsva kugadzira maitiro rinonzi.

Zvino pashoo Charles Rennie Mackintosh - ichi hachizi anozivikanwa munyika yose.

Makintoshizm

Charles Mackintosh akaedza kuita zvose ari oga. Iye nokukurumidza akasvika wokugadzira kuti zvakanga zvakaoma titi munhu. Chokutanga, vatsoropodzi achishanda nzira inonzi "mukati kunze" uye zvadaro vaimudana "Makintoshizmom".

Zvivako All zvakagadzirirwa naCharles kunge zvaiitikawo maererano yomukati kushongedzwa, fenicha. Imba yacho uye zvinhu mairi ava muviri mumwe.

basa rake riri kushanda chaizvo, hapana-musoro, akanaka uye yakashongedzwa chimiro. Kuti Charlz Makintosh, uyo pashoo ndiyo iripo zvino Russian voruzhinji, akatungamirirwa itsva Art Nouveau nzira rinovaka, pamwe yakaoma mathematically chaiwo mitsetse uye kujairika chivakwa.

akitekiti basa

The Glasgow Chirongwa Mackintosh akavaka dzimba dzakawanda. basa rake riri nyore kucherechedzwa. Mukuwedzera, ivo zvinobudirira kutsivira vemunzvimbo mhuka.

Zvivako nomukurumbira kupfuura Macintosh:

• kuvaka private musha Hill House;
• Native Macintosh School of Art;
• chikoro dzematunhu Glasgow;
• the willow the dzokudyira;
• Chechi Queens Cross.

Zvivako izvi zviri fananei kiyi. Charles zvakananga pfungwa chaiyo iri muenzaniso uyu kusimbisa mapurani yezvaiva netsika Scotland.

Mackintosh akanga asingatyi kusanganisa avo muzvivako simbi, girazi, kongiri.

Furniture kubva mugadziri

Dzakadururwa dzemwoyo murongedzeri uye womufananidzo, haabvumirwi kugumira ipapo.

Iye mune zvakasiyana-siyana unyanzvi siyana. Pashure vakabudirira mapurani zvinogadzirisa, mumaguta zvivako Mackintosh akatora midziyo. Mac inoratidzirwa muna Kremlin pamberi kune Russian vateereri basa rake ivhu.

Mumwe nhindi fenicha, chinoitwa mugadziri, akasiyana nevamwe. Wechipiri kwakadaro haako. Charles akashongera Chair dzavo uye matafura dzesirivha, azviveza navo simbi, akafukidza enamel kana rakapinzwa pavo girazi mavara.

Design kuti shasha

Kuwedzera fenicha uye magadzirirwo dzimba, iye akasika yokunyora nokudhirowa nokuda murals, Textiles, mahwindo, mahwindo musuo girazi, fireplaces uye kunyange maawa. Vashongedze masvingo mudzimba dzavo, akauya zvokudhindisa, uye rakava vanozivikanwa ake. Kunyanya I shongedza Roses zvose, izvo zvinomirira munyori.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti Charles Mackintosh aisiya panze zvikwangwani uye mapepa. Akashanda kuburikidza magadzirirwo matikiti, okushambadza uye zvichingodaro.

Akagadzira akauya rake siginicha Fonts. tsamba neimwe, akaberekwa navo, saka zviri ibasa art.

vanodhirowa

McIntosh haana pakarepo kuuya senguva kupenda. In hwake, akanga kufarira-dimensional matatu zvitarisiko kuti aigona kuvaka.

Pakukwegura yokutanga nguva chakatsiva kuswedera chinyoreso pamusoro bhurasho. In ake kuderera makore Charles achishingaira kupendwa nharaunda, vachiri lifes. Izvi zvose zvinoitwa ne watercoloured, chake pachake, nyore kucherechedzwa maitiro.

mapurani Mifananidzo zvinonyanya kukosha, sezvo zvikasikwa kwete mazhinji, uye mumwe nomumwe emifananidzo ake anonzi pachena pfuma muScotland uye UK yose.

Chii kuona panguva zvinoratidzei?

The miziyamu muna Glasgow vaisagona kushandura mapurani ounyanzvi of Macintosh uye achingopiwa mabasa maduku, asi hapana zvishoma chinzvimbo.

Rinogona kunzi sezvo huru Exhibits ari kuratidza:

• Macintosh mufananidzo akapendwa Watercolour nzizi nemakomo Scotland;
• akasiyana fenicha, sezvo Chair nematafura;
• nezvionioni;
• Mimwe omukati;
• zvokudhindisa ane yakakurumbira munyori wacho tsamba;
• mwenje.

The womumhuri mutero vakauya zvinhu menyika, iyo McIntosh akaita arayire vanhu kubva Glasgow uye mumisha yakapoteredza. Muimba ino pane tafura, nechigaro kana kunyange girazi, yakataurwa magadzirirwo ayo. All pamwe unoitisa sezvamunoita sezvinoratidzwa mufanidzo yako nomunyori. Uyewo Russia vakaunzwa uye dzimwe mhando midziyo kubva they Salon iri Chinese style.

Pasina kuzviomesera kutevedzana yakagadzirwa fenicha wakatsigira anorasikirwa zvinoyevedza ukoshi hwayo sezvo unyanzvi chinhu. Naizvozvo, kana kuratidza akasikwa Macintosh muna Kremlin, uyo akasvika achibva Scotland vaenzi zvakasimba akanyevera Russian navo.

Sezvineiwo, vamwe zvinhu vaifanira kuva pamusoro chokuratidza, kutambura panguva moto. In Glasgow, dzakaparira pakusikwa Macintosh, kuti School of Arts. Aruma yake mai. Vamiririri School vaifanira kutaura mamwe makopi mabasa Charlza Renni Mackintosh nokuda pashoo muna Kremlin Museum, asi asingagoni nekuda tsaona.

Paakanzwa izvi, kuti vamiririri pashoo muMoscow vakaratidza tsitsi dzavo uye tariro kuti chikoro achakwanisa kukurumidza kupora uye kuramba kushanda nevaichinja dzavo mune ramangwana.

Patriarch kwakaita Palace, kana pane Shongwe yayo Chamber, iyo vaipinda kushanyira pashoo, achivimba mu kubudirira kwayo. Izvi zvinoratidzei rashanduka purogiramu yose akatevedzana kuratidzira kuti inoitwa muna Mumamiziyamu ari Kremlin muMoscow. kuratidzwa varongi kuramba aite urongwa hwake. Vanotsvaka kusuma Muscovites uye vaenzi muguta zvikuru uye kunoshamisa vamiririri nyika ounyanzvi nhasi uye rapfuura remakore.

Mumwe-Shongwe Chamber, pashure zhinji kuedza, pakupedzisira vakadzorerwa muna 2005. Panguva iyoyo nayo kokutanga yakasarudza kuenda horo nokuda kwokuratidzwa. yakanaka inoratidzirwa muMoscow chete aigona kuwana ikoko.

Chamber - shongwe yechokwadi vehurumende mapurani, rakatiwira kubva pakadzika nemanomwe remakore. Munguva kupemberera 200th gore kuvapo Kremlin mamiziyamu muimba ino dzichengeterwe mukuru inoratidzirwa mukukudza Madzimambo Russian uye yeZvombo.

Vashandi yeRussian Museum vakafadzwa chaizvo pamwe mukana kuisa dzinoita ayo anoshanda Mackintosh. Mackintosh inoratidzirwa muna Kremlin akatanga basa rayo.