Mandelshtam Nadezhda: Biography uye nendangariro

Mandelshtam Nadezhda ... uyu mukadzi kunoshamisa upenyu hwake, rufu uye nendangariro akaita huru kurunga muchiRussia uye Western vakadzidza, kuti gakava pamusoro wayo muchinangwa dzakaoma thirties uye forties remakore rechimakumi maviri, wake memoir uye mabhuku chenhaka kunotora kusvikira ikozvino. Iye akakwanisa kupopotedzana uye kurambana pamusoro mativi ose fence aimbova shamwari. Akaramba akatendeka kuna wokufananidzira nhaka zvinosuruvarisa wemufi murume Osip Mandelstam. Nemhaka yake, kunze yakawanda basa rake. Asi kwete chete kuti akaita kare Nadezhda Mandelstam. Memories of mukadzi kuti zvechokwadi nhoroondo tsime vanotyisa nguva pakati paitonga Stalin udzvanyiriri.

udiki

Izvi musikana kuziva uye unyanzvi akaberekwa muna 1899 mumhuri vaJudha Khazin, uyo kushandisa chiKristu. baba vangu aiva gweta, uye mai vake akashanda ari chiremba. Nadia aiva gotwe mwanasikana. Pakutanga, mhuri yake yaigara Saratov, uye akabva atamira Kiev. Ikoko akadzidza Mandelstam ramangwana. Hope akauya revakadzi jimunasiyamu anofambira mberi chaizvo panguva dzidzo hurongwa. Havasi vose zvinhu zvakapiwa kwaari zvakafanana zvakanaka, asi kupfuura zvose aifarira nyaya. ipapo vabereki vane nzira, kuenda naye mwanasikana kufamba. Saka, Nadia akakwanisa kushanyira Switzerland, Germany, France. Dzidzo haisi yapera, kunyange zvazvo iye akapinda mutemo mano Kiev University. Hope ainakidzwa painting, kunze kwatinhira zvakaoma kwemakore chimurenga.

Kuda hwose

nguva ino ndiwo uchidanana ari musikana wacho upenyu. Kushanda mu Kiev ari Studio, iye akasangana mudetembi duku. Aiva nemakore gumi namapfumbamwe okuberekwa, uye iye aiva mutsigiri "rudo kweawa", iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva kwazvo yakakurumbira. Saka, ukama pakati majaya yakanamatira nezuva rokutanga. Asi Osip saka kudanana yakaipa asi inofadza Artist kuti akunda mwoyo wake. Gare gare, iye akati zvaiita sokuti vane nguva pfupi kunakidzwa mumwe. Vaviri akanga akaroora, uye zvino yaiva mhuri chaiyo - Mandelshtam Nadezhda Osip. Husband zvakaipisisa godo mudzimai wechiduku uye ndisingadi kuparadzana nayo. Osip akachengetedzwa tsamba zhinji kuna wake, iye akasimbisa vanoziva nyaya manzwiro zvemhuri vaiva pakati vakaroorana.

"Black" Makore

Asi upenyu hwemhuri haana kunaka kudaro. Osip akatendeuka Amorous runofeva, Hope godo. Vakagaramo urombo, uye chete muna 1932 akapiwa nemakamuri maviri mufurati muMoscow. Uye muna 1934 mudetembi Mandelstam akasungirwa nhetembo kuzorwa Stalin akatongerwa makore matatu okutapwa muguta Chernyn (pamusoro Kama River). Asi sezvo udzvanyiriri nzungu ipapo chete atanga kugadzira, Mandelshtam Nadezhda mvumo kuperekedza murume wake. Zvadaro, mushure dzichikunetsa shamwari simba, Osip mutongo wakachinjwa Kurambidza ake kurarama mumaguta makuru USSR, uye vaviri akaenda Voronezh. Asi kusungwa akaputsa nyanduri. Akava asingatani mwoyo uye chemaneka, akaedza kuzviuraya, akatanga kutambura zvisipo. The Vaviri akaedza kudzokera kuMoscow, asi havana kuwana mvumo. Uye muna 1938, Osip akasungwa kechipiri vakauraya musasa dzaifanoiswa mu kujeka ezvinhu.

Kutya uye ndege

Mandelshtam Nadezhda akazosara ari oga. Asingazivi pamusoro wake afa, iye akanyora tsamba ari mhedziso, izvo akaedza kutsanangura chii iye anoona mitambo yevana vava dzavo kukakavara kare uye iye urombo pamusoro nguva idzodzo. Zvino akanzwa hwake mufaro nekuti havazivi shungu ichi. Akachengetedza wake zvinyorwa. Iye aitya kutsvaga uye kusungwa, nomusoro zvose zvaakanga asika, kufanana nhetembo, uye prose. Naizvozvo, Nadezhda Mandelstam kazhinji suduruka. Muguta kuKalinin izvozvo Akabata mashoko pakutanga hondo, uye iye naamai vake vakanga vasiya kuna Central Asia.

Kubvira 1942, iye anogara Tashkent, umo zvimwewo apedzerana chesekondari mudzidzisi Chirungu uye mabasa. Pashure pehondo, Hope akatamira Ulyanovsk, uye ipapo - muna Chita. Muna 1955, akava mukuru weDhipatimendi Chirungu panguva Chuvash Pedagogical Institute, ipapo achidzivirira chinyorwa chake.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Muna 1958, Mandelshtam Nadezhda Yakovlevna retires yogara pedyo Moscow, mutaundi Tarusa. Pane vaimbova vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika vazhinji vanorarama uye nzvimbo yaiva yakakurumbira zvikuru pakati vaitsoropodza. Zvakanga ipapo Hope anonyora netsamba dzake, anotanga kokutanga kubudisa pasi rekunyepedzera. Asi pensions hazvisi zvakakwana muupenyu hwake, uye iye zvakare awana basa panguva muPskov Pedagogical Institute. Muna 1965, Nadezhda Mandelstam pakupedzisira anowana rimwe kamuri mufurati muMoscow. Akapedza makore okupedzisira ikoko. In dzayaura nourombo furati mukadzi wake vakakwanisa kuchengeta mabhuku Salon, izvo kuti outorwa kwete chete Russian, asiwo Western intelligentsia. Panguva iyoyowo Hope akasarudza kubudisa bhuku netsamba dzake kuMadokero - mu New York uye Paris. Muna 1979, akatanga kunetseka nomoyo zvokusvika chakakomba, kuti iye akanga ushandiswe mubhedha zororo. Vakaronga pedyo naye poseli wachi basa. December 29, 1980 nayo vakatevera rufu. Ndinovimba kuti kuverenga kuvigwa basa setsika Orthodox, uye akavigwa January 2 gore rinouya musi Troekurov kumakuva.

Nadezhda Mandelstam: bhuku uye zvakaitwa kwavari vomuzuva

Kubva pakusikwa ichi pakaunda dissident zvakanaka kuzivikanwa kwake "netsamba", iro zvakatobudiswa New York muna 1970, uyewo "bhuku rechipiri" mamwe (Paris, 1972). Kuti akaita munhu unopinza maitiro kubva dzimwe shamwari Hope. Vakawana kuti mudzimai Osipa Mandelshtama kukanganisa chokwadi uye kuedza kugadzirisa pachake hwakawanda munyika netsamba dzake. rufu rwake chete asati akaona chiedza uye Hope "Book Third" (Paris, 1978). On zvavo mari, iye regaled shamwari uye wakavatenga zvipo. Mukuwedzera, zvose zvakachengetedzwa wake, mudetembi Osip Mandelstam, chirikadzi mumaoko Princeton University muUnited States. Haana kurarama rokuchinjwa nomudetembi guru uye pedyo akati asati afa kuti akanga akamumirira. Izvi zvakanga, Nadezhda Mandelstam. Biography mukadzi uyu akashinga anotiudza kuti kunyange mumakore "dema" inogona chaiye, vakadzikama murume isu.