Chii pangataura, ndezvipi mabasa ayo uye basa temberi?

Mumazuva ano dzevanhu hurukuro, vane kutonga vanoonekwa chizaruro uye chokwadi chisingaperi, kazhinji kunzi pangataura. Izwi iri rekare uye yakatanga kune zvitendero yekare. In animism zvaifungwa kuti vanamwari kuudza zvavanoda kuburikidza kachinhuhwirira nemashizha emuti chitsvene, kutiza shiri, nzira Utsi hunokwira huchibva mipiro. Papera zvinotendwa vakachinja zvishoma. Kuti tinzwisise kuda vamwari, aida chaiwo muturikiri, imwe mhando mushanduri. Kwavari aiva yeshoko. Kudavira kuti mweya nyika yakafanana chokwadi, uye vanhu vashoma vanokwanisa kunzwisisa uye kududzira zvinotaurwa naMwari, Pane vanhu vazhinji. Asi ndezvipi Pythia uye Sibyl? Pashure pezvose, naivowo, vaigona kufanotaura nezveramangwana, mibvunzo vanhu wokushandura mhinduro vamwari.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti

Mhinduro kumubvunzo wokuti pangataura, kwete kuwanikwa mushanduro muchiLatin, uye nechiGiriki. Zvingava zvakaipa vanoti rinoreva Priest uye nyore Cultist. Pasinei chokwadi chokuti "oro" rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatin sezvo "namata," Chirevo - pakutanga kutanga Greek. Ndokusaka mumwe kunobva shoko «oραo», zvinoreva "Ini ndikaona mutariri." Mupfungwa iyi, mashoko chaiwo havana pedyo vapristi, kana vapristi, uye kuti necheSalvic Magi, völva druids German kana Celtic. In tsika dzekare, shoko iri rinonzi pacharo kududzirwa kuda wavanamwari, uye nzvimbo tsvene, apo akagamuchira. Chokwadi, pangataura aiva mupristi, uye chinokosha chete. Haana bedzi anokudzwa zvimwe mwari, asi vakanzwisisa mutauro wake, aigona kutaura naye. Dzimwe nguva mweya akaprofita ramangwana kuburikidza kumasvikiro - pythonesses. Vakadzi ava seabatwa nehope vakadhakwa kwemakemikari chiutsi, uye akatanga vhuvhuma chinhu incoherent. Pangataura Pythia akadudzira mashoko uye akapa Aibvunza munhu achida apindure.

Mabviro dzeboka

Vaongorori vanodavira kuti tsika yokushopera ramangwana akasvika kuGirisi vachibva kuAsia Minor. In Asiria Ancient Egypt (muguta Buto), paivawo nenzvimbo apo vapristi inokosha "nomuromo wavanamwari." MuGreece, sezvo chitendero ichi hwakakanyiwa kunamata mwarikadzi pasi GAIA, uye wokutanga chaizvo Chirevo akadanidzira ayo kuda muna Epirus, muna Dodona. Maererano uchapupu yakakurumbira yekare wenhoroondo wechiGiriki Herodotus, kwete chete vokwake asi vavakidzani vavo kure tinoziva chii pangataura. Anonyora kuti Mambo Lidii Krez akasarudza kuzivisa kuti "vachikanda" nokuti zvakanaka vauki imwe mhando. Akatuma nhume kuna Delphi Greek muna ABA, muna Dodona, muna Amphiaraus, Trefoniyu uye kuMireto. Izvi "Hondo vafemberi," akakunda ... Pythia pamusoro Delphi. Iye wafungidzira kuti Kroes ari kuenda kubika hari gwayana uye kamba.

Pythian Apollo uye Delphic Chirevo: chii?

Vazhinji temberi zvenyika yekare vapristi vakadzidza vaanotendera kana kufara vamwari kuburikidza kududzirwa zviratidzo zvakaipa, ivo vari kutumwa. Tsika iyi inonzi Mantica. Kunyanya zvakanga zvakajairika muRoma yekare. Augurs akatarisa kutiza uye maitiro shiri, uye Bachelor guessing zvomukati zvemhuka kuti dzaibayirwa. In rechiGiriki muguta Delphi vaiita vangasimudzira zvakasiyana chitendero. Zvaidavirwa kuti panzvimbo ino Apollo speared nyoka Python. Kubva akarova museve muvhu aumba musiyano umo pakubuda vapor. Gare gare temberi yakavakwa pamusoro payo apo Pythia akagara pamusoro mutiraipodhi. Iye kufema vapor uye, wakamhanya kubva muchiyeverwa ichi, akaporofita kuda Apollo. Hapana akanga apinda mumba, kunze mupristi chaiye. Pano zvinova pachena chii pangataura. Mhinduro yaakapa mipiro kuunza vakatendeka, vakanga kujeka uye dzimwe nguva ane akasiyana zvachose kumushora mashoko. Vanochera matongo vakawana mahwendefa akawanda nevhu nemibvunzo vechinamato. The pamazita misoro kuti vafarire aiva yakamanikana mumwe changed kana mukadzi / murume uye kana kupinda mumwe kana mumwe kutengeserana zvemari.

Pythia

mukadzi uyu haana kuva mhandara, panguva yakazara kuna Apollo, iye aitofanira kuramba wakachena. Pakutanga, kwakadaro muprisitikadzi akaprofita kamwe pagore chete - nezuva rechinomwe February. Asi gare gare, apo vakatendeka havana rebound, zviri kupfeka conveyor. Panguva iyoyo patemberi Delphi vakadzi vashoma vachiita majana. Anogara chinzvimbo nzvimbo pamusoro mutiraipodhi nezuva rechinomwe pamwedzi. Kubwinya mukuru Delphi yakasvika muna V remakore BC Magwaro nguva akataura zvakajeka kuti Chirevo ichi: inzvimbo tsvene kuna Apollo panguva kunobva Uchenjeri Castalia. Pakazosvika nzira Pythia afanotaura uye kwezuva panzvimbo ino. Muna 393, Mambo Theodosius, somuKristu, akarayira kuvhara pakati nhare muchihedheni.

Sybil

Vanhu nyore, vasina mari kuti kunonamata Delphi kana dzimwe nzvimbo zvokushopera, vafemberi vakatendeukira - Sybil. The mukadzi wokutanga, vaipfeka zita Trojan Women aiva mwanasikana Nese uye Dardanus. Zvaaiva nazvo maturo presage ramangwana. Vakamutevera uye vamwe vakatanga kudana nevaporofitakadzi Sybil. vakanga kunyanya tisanzwe kuchiuya dambudziko. Saka, Sybil akafanotaura kuputika kweGomo reVesuvius akaviga rePompeii, uye akafanotaura nezvokuparadzwa Troy, nzvimbo yehondo, mugumisiro iyo Greece acharasikirwa kwayo rusununguko. Zvino tinoziva chii pangataura, uyo ari Pythia, uye ani - Sybil, uye kuona musiyano izvi mhando nhatu nouroyi. Pythia akaprofita chinhu usinganzwisisiki, akanga akasununguka kududzira tsvene anzwa sezvaanoda, uye kuchinjwa norudaviro abvunzurudzwe. Sybil akaratidzawo dzakawanda tatarisana dambudziko, asi kwete vose vaida kumuteerera. Nokuti izvo iye akabhadhara: "Zuva richauya, uye achafa Troy kukuru!"