Phraseological chikwata: tsananguro

Idioms, Mashoko, zvirevo uye mashoko vanoumba gungwa guru chero mutauro, nemhaka iyo zvinova dzakapfuma uye yakajeka. Zvikasadaro, dzinonzi phraseological dzakabatana. Chii uye zvavari, isu munyaya ino.

tsananguro

Kudzidza anoongorora mashoko anobatanidzwa Mitsara. Phraseological chikwata - mudanga wokufananidzira mashoko ari mutauro ane zvaanoreva zvakajeka vose vatakuri dzayo. Kwakafanana pfungwa iri frazema shoko, dimikira.

mabasa

Phraseological chikwata anogona nemabasa akasiyana zvikamu kutaura. Somuenzaniso, kungava:

• pazita (nherera kubva Kazan, imbwa muchidyiro);
• shoko rechiito (twiddle, kurarama nayo, kuva adhakwa pamberi mutema dhiragoni);
• chipauro (akadhakwa insole);
• dudzirachiito (nomusoro zvakaoma).

Kufanana chero mitauro chaiyo, frazemy vane zviratidzo zvavo.

1. Impact. chinhu ichi chinoratidza kuti phraseological chikwata inozivikanwa nevakurukuri dzakawanda mutauro, uye haina wekuvamba patsva neimwe nguva. Somuenzaniso, "usimbe" rinoreva "kukanganisa kumativi".
2. Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kuvimbika, iro richinzi kwakakwana kana kukwana rethinking zvinoumba okuti mashoko. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okuti "imbwa ndikadya" rinoreva "kumumvuri", uye kwete chokwadi kudyiwa imbwa munhu.
3. Razdelnooformlennost rinoreva kuvapo maviri kana kupfuura mashoko mutsara kuti chinhu chine yakasiyana.
4. Kugadzikana - chiratidzo mukana kana hazvibviri kuchinja rokuti anoumba achishandisa rutapudzo, rokuwedzera kana yaitsiva constituent mashoko aro. Kugadzikana phraseological chikwata kunogona kuchinjwa kushandisa:

• Mutauro unokura, kana shoko rimwe kuchatsiviwa mumwe;
• girama, kana mashoko ari pasi zvivakamutauro kuchinja pasina kuchinja chinangwa;
• Quantitative kana phraseologism kuchinja nokuda kuwedzera kana marwadzo yenhengo;
• nzvimbo apo zvakamisa hurongwa vari kuchinjwa.

Kudzokorora classifications

Patsanura phraseological dzakabatana vakaedza nyanzvi dzemitauro zhinji, uye nzira dzakasiyana. Vamwe akavimba girama uye mamiriro, mumwe - musi wokugadzira, wechitatu - zvinorehwa uye dingindira. Mumwe kupatsanura ane kodzero kuvapo, uye pazasi tikatarisa inokosha.

• The kupatsanura chokutanga phraseological dzakabatana akauya L. P. Smit, umo ekupedzisira vakanga vakabatana muzvikwata maererano nenyaya dzavo. Somuenzaniso, "basa evanhu", "zvakasikwa." The chikuru drawback pamusoro typology ichi - vachifungawo mitauro chokuratidza.
• Kusiyana nowakautangira, mitauro musimboti yakanga yakataurwa V. V. Vinogradovym kupatsanura. Iye zvinganaka mhando Mitsara zviumbu vave yakakamurwa maererano kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro Fusion - kubatana, uye mubatanidzwa musono.
• N. M. Shansky kuuyiswa kunze Mitsara, kuti govera imwevo kupatsanura nokuti mashoko (mashoko, zvirevo uye mashoko).
• The kupatsanura dzataurwa nokuda A. I. Smirnitskim, yakavakirwa STRUCTURAL uye girama musimboti.
• Hwaro kupatsanura pakati N. N. Amosovoy murimo kukosha phraseological dzakabatana uye avo kuongorora chechinyorwa.
• S. G. Gavrin akasvika kupatsanura avo chadzo uye kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro matambudziko.
• A. V. Kunin akawedzera kupatsanura VV Vinogradov.

Kupatsanura VV Vinogradov

In kubatana neshoko (phraseological chikwata) rinobatana vomumatunhu ayo, kureva kubva pamusoro zviri pachena zviri pangozi. Somuenzaniso, kudhonza ngaasungirire - refu nguva yokuita basa.

Musono - ukoshi asingadi nezvatakarerekera yayo vanoumba zvinoriumba. Somuenzaniso, "usimbe" - kuita chinhu. Mune dzimwe adhesions ndiwo mashoko vakafirwa zvaireva yepakutanga mumutauro ano Russian hakuchisina kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, ari thumb - nemavhinga zvinoshandiswa kupfeka emapuranga nezvirongo.

Zvinorehwa phraseological anofambidzana inoumbwa zvinoriumba, mumwe iro rine kunyorerana basa, umo mumwe zvinoumba phraseological hadzisisina pamwe nemashoko chete, asi pamwe chete nevamwe. Somuenzaniso, unogona kutaura "kutya zvinotora", "kusuruvara zvinotora" zvichireva "vanotyisa" kana "zvinosuruvarisa", asi haagoni kutaura kuti "anofarira" nenzira yokureva "mafaro."

Kupatsanura A. I. Smirnitskogo

kupatsanura ichi akaparadzanisa idioms kuti idioms, phrasal verbs uye kwakakodzera phraseological dzakabatana. Vose yokutanga neyokupedzisira vakanga vakakamurwa kuva 2 mapoka, izvo zvaizoitawo rakamuka-kamuka Sub-mapoka:

a) unimodal:

• shoko rechiito-Adverbial (ano);
• rinoenderana verbs, kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro tsanga riri rokuti wechipiri (zvichiita nyore uye nyore);
• prepositional substantival noenderana adverbs kana predicative (hama mupfungwa);

b) maviri uye MNV:

• attributive-substantival nerokuti iyo - pazita (bhiza rima, wachena Cardinal);
• shoko rechiito-, zvinhu, izvo nerechiHebheru - rechiito (kutaura);
• Kudzokorora - neShanduro ose adverbs.
• Adverbial MNV.

Kupatsanura pakati N. N. Amosovoy

Mune typology pakati N. N. Amosovoy phraseological dzakabatana akakamurwa idioms uye frazemy, tinosvika kuna kupatsanura iyo inobva kuongorora chechinyorwa. Analysis zvinoreva wemishonga mashoko semantically chinozoiswa pamwe indekisi zvishoma. chechinyorwa kwakadaro kunogona kuramba kana shanduka. At akapoteredza indekisi chenguva kanenge kugara uye chete zvinoita tsika kuti semantically chinozoiswa mashoko. Somuenzaniso, imwe "nhema chena", "enda mu Chirungu."

Kana shanduka mumaratidzirwo shoko indekisi zvishoma kunogona siyana, asi zvinorehwa chinoramba zvakafanana. Somuenzaniso, shoko "rima" kungava shoko "bhiza" uye "murume" - ". Chakavanzika, kuvanza" "bhiza rima", "rima murume" kureva

Dimikira Kugara chechinyorwa akakamurwa frazemy uye idioms.

Kupatsanura SG Gavrina

S. G. Gavrin idioms Classified ne dzichipfekeka-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro matambudziko. Saka, ayo kupatsanura zviumbu zvaisanganisira Mitsara yakatsiga uye variably-akatsiga mubatanidzwa mashoko. Studies SG Gavrina mu Mitsara zvaibva mabasa VV Vinogradov uye N. M. Shanskogo uye akaramba Kugadzirwa 4 mhando phraseological dzakabatana.

Kupatsanura A. V. Kunina

Kupatsanura pakati phraseological dzakabatana, rine A. V. Kuninym, anotsigira kuti kupatsanura VV Vinogradov. Chaiva idioms:

1. Unimodal imwe zvinokosha uye vaviri kana kupfuura neznamenatelnyh zviratidzo.
2. Structure kana co subordinative mutsara.
3. With ubatanidzwewo predicative marongerwo.
4. With rechiito kuitika chokuti, kana mune pusa izwi.
5. With sechivako nyore kana kunzwisisa mutongo a.

Kubva pfungwa nemaonero semantics A. V. Kunin anokamura pamusoro apa idioms muzvikwata zvina:

• chimwe chinhu kuti, achiratidza yacho, Chiitiko - dzinonzi nominative; boka iri rinosanganisira 1, 2, 3 uye 5 Mitsara mhando kunze kunzwisisa;
• pasina nyaya-musoro tsika, manzwiro - frazemy inonzi dzakadaro mezhdometnyh uye modal;
• nemamiriro ose vaitaura, makatumidzwa kukurukura - boka iri rinosanganisira zvirevo, mashoko ukabata mashoko;
• Group 4 zvinoreva nominative-vanotaurirana.

Sources mitsara mumutauro Russian

Phraseological vamapoka mutauro Russian kunogona kuva:

• primordially Russian;
• rakumbirwa.

Mabviro yekare Russian chokuita noupenyu, tumitauro uye mabasa ounyanzvi.

Mienzaniso Mitsara:

• mhuri - kwete Musono, ugoisa mhino dzako, utore nokukurumidza;
• remutauro - yepamusoro chinzvimbo, utsi joko;
• nyanzvi - kucheka walnuts (muvezi), kudhonza gimp (kurukiswa), kuridza gitare rokutanga (muimbi).

Akakwereta phraseological dzakabatana mumutauro Russian aibva Old kwechiSlavonic, dzekare mungano, uye nemimwe mitauro.

Mienzaniso nokukwereta pamusoro:

• Old kwechiSlavonic - muchero wakarambidzwa, aredovy anopenya, mvura rima mumakore;
• venguva mungano - munondo Damocles, furawa Tantalus, bhokisi riri Pandora kuti, pfupa kukakavara, kunyura mumatope yokukanganwa;
• mimwe mitauro - bluestocking (Chirungu), pamwero (German), kwete zvakanaka (chiFrench).

kukosha kwavo hakuiti nguva dzose uwirirane kukosha mashoko avo constituent uye dzimwe nguva kunoda ruzivo, kuwedzera kunzwisisa zvinoreva chiratidzo.

phraseological mashoko

Phraseological mashoko uye mutauro zviyero zvakafanana ndechokuti vari wakatsiga mashoko, uye mukurukuri hunogona kungoparara kuburitswa. Asi kutanga zvinoumba rokuti anogona kushandiswa vakazvimiririra uye sezvo mamwe mashoko. Somuenzaniso, mune mashoko "vemazera ose rudo vanogona", "kwenguva dhonza", "Wholesale uye chitoro" Mashoko ose zvinogona kushandiswa yoga.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti havasi vose nyanzvi dzemitauro kudzidza phraseological dzakabatana vane chinoumba, vaiona kuti tikwanise kuvabatanidzira phrasebook.

Mashoko - mashoko akakweretwa mumabhuku, mabhaisikopo, mafirimu uye nezvimwe kutaura muripo. Vari inowanzoshandiswa mukutaura ano zvose nomuromo uye pakunyora. Somuenzaniso, "Happy maawa vasipo," "Kuda vemazera ose."

Proverbs uye mashoko - chakakosha kutaura kuti vane zvinhu anorayiridza uye rinogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana ezvinhu. Kusiyana nevakawanda okuti, havasi munyori, sezvo vakasikwa vanhu kwemazana emakore akawanda akapfuura kubva nomuromo, uye achiripo chepuraimari fomu yavo. Somuenzaniso, "huku vasati vakarangana" zvinoreva kuti ari Zvaizobuda mhosva inogona kutongwa pamusoro kupera.

In Kusiyana zvirevo - wokufananidzira, emotive mashoko. Somuenzaniso, akati: "Kana kenza paGomo pembe" rinoreva chinhu basa angangotadza kuitwa.

Proverbs uye mashoko - wakajeka kuratidzwa tsika uye kukura vanhu pakunamata. Kuburikidza navo nyore chamber chii vanhu vakaita uye uchibvumira, uye kuti - kwete. Somuenzaniso, "Nyore uye kudhonza hove richibva dziva", "Labor murume anodyisa uye usimbe - apamba", kutaura nezvokukosha kwebasa.

budiriro Maitiro

Mapato mutauro Of zvose zvikuru kubatwa kuchinja pakutaura, nokuti zvakananga kupangidza kuchinja kuitika munharaunda.

Nhasi, ari lexical Zvinoumba mutauro wokuRussia iri kusangana tiguu neological. Sei?

Chikonzero chokutanga - social, zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvokunamata kuchinja Russia muna 90s. Wechipiri - vezvenhau uye Indaneti basa, izvo zvakazoita kuti rusununguko rwokutaura uye vakawanda mutauro borrowings. The wechitatu - kukurumidza kukura ruzivo pave chidzoke mashoko matsva uye mashoko. Izvi vasakanganise zvinoreva mashoko - ivo kana vasava yepakutanga zvinoreva, kana kuwana mumwe. Uyewo kuwedzera miganhu mutauro chaiko - zviri ikozvino akazarukira zvokukurukura, kwezuva nezuva, akariposhera mashoko uye phraseological dzakabatana. Achitaura yokupedzisira, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chinoratidza Contemporary Idioms hakusi zvinoreva mashoko avo mubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, "musika yomusango", "kuvhunduka kurapa", "pedyo kunze", "inotonhorera hembe", "zvokutengeserana zororo".

Mini bvunzo

Zvino isu kupa kuti aedze erudition wako. Ko sei idioms izvi:

• Unogutsurira musoro uchiti;
• kuruma rurimi rwangu;
• maoko ose pamusoro;
• kumhanya anomhanya;
• mhepo pamusoro ndebvu;
• Meso anopenyerwa;
• kuverenga rarira;
• kugadzira mumutauro;
• nhema pamwe mabhokisi matatu.

Check zvakarurama mhinduro. Tsika (kuitira):

• Ndinoda kurara;
• runyararo;
• munhu chinhu zvinoitika nyore uye zvakanaka;
• Mhanya kwazvo zvakasimba;
• yeuka chinhu chinokosha;
• vanhu vanobva vakawanda zvimwe zvinhu hazvigoni kusarudza chete chinhu chimwe;
• dawdle;
• vanhu kuyeuka chinhu chinozivikanwa, asi haakwanisi;
• kuvimbisa kana nhema.