Mekong irwizi muVietnam. Nzvimbo yemagariro, tsanangudzo uye mifananidzo yeMfula Mekong

Mekong irwizi, iyo inobva kumaodzanyemba kweTibetan Plateau, kunyanya kuTangla Ridge. Iyi ndiyo yakawanda yemvura inoyerera yeIndochina Peninsula, iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia, uye yechina yakaisvonaka yeropa rekare rekondinendi iyi.

Iyo yakareba yakareba yerwizi urwu, inotakura mvura yayo kumativi enyika matanhatu, iri 4,500 makiromita (iyo nhamba inewo 4900). Mvura iri pano inonzi inofadzwe, haisi yega yekuti vanhu vanonzi Mekong amai veMvura uye Nile yeSoutheast Asia.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru munyika yose

Mekong irwizi rwuri rukuru pane zvose pasi redu. Mukutsvaga iyo inosvika gumi nemaviri munyika yose maererano nekuzara, uye 11 murefu. Kuenzanisira, data yakadaro inopiwa: iyo yakareba kupfuura Lena, uye Mackenzie, mugwagwa mukuru weCanada. Muzvizhinji zvinoratidzika pane nzvimbo ye8, mberi kwekuti Lena chete, asi Amur, neCongo. Pamusoro inotaurwa nhamba yehurumende iyo iyo rwizi rukuru ine ukama, asi inoyerera mumiganhu yenyika 4 chete - China, Cambodia, Laos neVietnam. Uye yeThailand neMyanma (yekare yeBurma), iyo ndiyo mhirizhonga yenyika neLaos.

Akaberekwa nemagetsi

Mekong irwizi, iyo yakabva kune yakakwirira mamita 5000 pamusoro pegungwa. Sezvakataurwa, inenge iri pamitenho yeTangla Range, iyo iri makiromita 600 makiromiti anoramba achienderera mberi, akafukidzwa nehove dzisingaperi.

Nzvimbo yepamusoro yemugwagwa iri panzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura mamita 6000 pamusoro pegungwa. Nzvimbo mbiri dzakakwirira-makomo nzizi-Dze-Chu uye Dza-Chu, dzakagadzirwa kubva mumigero yakawanda yemakomo, iyo inoberekwa nemhaka yekunyunguduka kwechando pakakwirira mamita 5500, kubatana, kunobereka chivako chikuru chemvura chinonzi Indochina chinonzi Mekong. Rwizi mumvura yaro yepamusoro nechepakati, iyo inowanikwa zvikuru muChina, inoyerera ichidzika mumvura yakadzika canyons. Mvura yaro inomhanyira mumipata yeSichuan Alps (Sino-Tibetan Mountains) uye, kuyambuka Yunan Highlands, inosvika kumakomo eCyungshon Mountains ari kumabvazuva kweHindustan Peninsula.

Rwizi rukuru - mazita mazhinji

Munzvimbo yepamusoro inosvika ikoko kune zvakawanda zvezvipembenene, zvinova zvakanyanya kunyanya kana mvura iri mumvura madonhwe emvura. Pakati pakati peChina, rwizi runonzi Lancangjiang.

Munharaunda yose, murwizi yose, vagari vemunyika iyo iyo inorondedzera iri kupa mazita akasiyana-muVietnam inonzi Cuu Long (Kyu Long), kana "mapfumo mapfumbamwe". Inonzi "amai rwizi", kureva, "guru, rwizi rukuru".

Khon Waterfall

Iko kare kuCambodia, uko Rwizi rweMekong rwuri kusvika kuCambodian (kana kuti Kampuchea) plain munzvimbo iri pedo neChit settlement, iyo rapids yeimwe mvura yakawanda kwazvo, yakaisvonaka uye inozivikanwa pasi pose inotanga, inonzi zita reguta re Khon. Kubudiswa kwemazuva ose pano kwakakura kwazvo - 9000 cubic mita pazuva, uye munguva dzepamusoro mvura yakakosha ye 38,000 cubic mita pazuva rakanyorwa. Mifananidzo yakajeka yemvurafall inotambanudzirwa makiromita akawanda, uye inoguma pakupedzisira kune imwe nzvimbo, guta reKratiekh, sechikonzero chekuyera kworwizi kunopera nemamita makumi maviri nemashanu.

Mutaundi rino rine vanhu vane zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri ipapo pane gungwa rinoshandiswa nerwizi runosangana nePnom Penh, guta guru reCambodia. Nenzira yakawanda, Mekong inofamba nengarava iri kure nemakiromita 700, uye munguva dzemafashamo - pa1600 (pamberi peVientiane). Mahombekombe egungwa akawanda anomuka kubva mumuromo kusvika kune guta guru reVietnam.

The unique delta

Pasi peguta rino, masvingo emvura ane simba anodururirwa mukati rose, uye, chaizvoizvo, Mekong delta inotanga pano, nzvimbo yose yeyo makore makumi manomwe emakiromita. Km. Ive delta inonyanya kuwanika munharaunda yeVietnam uye inomiririra mihombe miviri mikuru yemiganhu yakapatsanurwa, pakati pavo kune zviduku zviviri zviduku uye dzakawanda zvitsva zvishoma uye mugwagwa.

Nzvimbo yose ye delta, yakafukidzwa nemakwenzi maduku, yakazara kwazvo uye iri, chaizvoizvo, maruva emangrove. Mangrove inofungira masango ane miti yakawanda. Dzinokura kunyanya munzvimbo dzinotyisa, mumiromo yehova uye nharaunda dzomumhenderekedzo dzegungwa. Iyo yakareba yakareba ye delta, munharaunda mamiriyoni 17 eVietnamen anorarama, makiromita 600. Kureba kworwizi kunowedzerawo nekuda kwekuti inowedzera kure muSouth China Gungwa, uko, chaizvoizvo, inopinda mumvura ine simba yeMuong. Vietnam, iyo munharaunda inonzi delta inowanikwa, inokwereta zvakawanda kune iri mvura inoyerera. Chokutanga, Mekong ndiyo chingwa chekudya cheVietnam (chimwe cheguru guru remuti wejisi). Chechipiri, vatashanyi vazhinji vanobva kumativi ose enyika vanoyemura kunaka kunoshamisa kwe delta.

Pantry yenyika

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti muzana remakore rechi21 Mekong delta yakatumidzwa pfuma yezvisikwa, semasikirwo emichero nemhuka zvishoma zvidzidza kana zvaionekwa sokuti zvakapera zvakawanikwa mazviri.

Vanodaro mupata weRwizi neKikiki dzepasi. Muna 2011, chikepe chekufamba, chitubu chinoimba, bhot ne "chiso" chemaziso, hove yakadzika pasi pevhu uye hove ine mole, mhirizhonga mbiri dzine maronda uye mamwe mhando dzakawanda dzakawanikwa pano. Uye kubvira muna 1997, 1710 mhando itsva yemhuka nemiti yakasimbiswa uye yakatsanangurwa muMeong-basin neasayendisiti vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana.

Tonle Sap uye Mekong - kukurukurirana midziyo

Muromo weMekong River unofukidzwa nemarara uye yakaita semakiromita makumi maviri emakiromita. Mvura iri mairi yakajeka yeruva. Mekong chikafu mumvura yayo yepamusoro nechepakati yechando ichando uye glacial, asi mumvura yakadzika kusvika kumvura. Majeko uye makungwa ane basa guru. Nzvimbo yakakura yezvigadzirisheni yeLake Tonle Sap, iri muCambodia. Mvura iri mukati maro haina kudzikama - yakadzika hairi kudarika mamita 1, asi panguva yemvura inogamuchira mvura yakawanda kuburikidza nemugwagwa iwoyo kubva kuMekong kuti chiyero ichi chinowedzera kusvika mamita 9. Iyi ndiyo apo nzvimbo yegadziro iri 2,7 makiromita maseremita. Km. Mumazuva akaoma, mvura yegungwa inozadza rwizi.

Chitubu chechirwere

Ikoko Rwizi rwaMekong rwuripo, kunyanya munharaunda yaro delta, kune hukuru hwehuwandu hwevanhu munyika. Izvi uye nzvimbo inotonhora inokonzera kubuda nekupararira kweAvian influenza, Dengue fever nezvimwe zvirwere zvisingaiti. 17 Mamiriyoni evanhu vanogara mu delta, kwete hove chete uye kukura mupunga, asiwo vane zvipfuwo mumatambudziko akaenzana.

Idzi dziva uye zvitubu zvemvura ine simba

Gungwa reMekong River 810,000 square meters. Km. Iko kumusha kune vanhu 250 000 000. Kubatana kwenyika umo rwizi urwu runobatana zvakananga, nyanzvi dzine zita ravo - mweya weMekong. Kubva muna 1957, kubatana uku kwakange kuri kuitika mukati meMekong River Commission.

Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzeMitong River , iyo huru pane iyo Mwedzi (kurudyi), Tonle Sap (kurudyi) uye Banghang (munharaunda yeLaos), sezvakataurwa, inotora basa guru muupenyu hwake. Nzvimbo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa kubva kumashure ndeye Wu, Than uye San, iyo iyo inewo ine zvidzidzo. Saka, guru pane yose muSan River ndiBla, Grai, Straepok neShanghai. PaSaaa, ichiyerera bedzi kuburikidza neVietnam, munzvimbo yekutenderera kwayo kuMeong, pedyo neCambodia, madhamiri mashanu akavakwa, izvo zvinoumba nzvimbo dzakawanda dzimba. Bassac, imwe yematavi e-delta, inoyerera kunze kweMekong uye inoyerera ichienda kuSouth China Sea. Pakati pematambudziko kune rimwe rwizi runonzi Don, rinopinda kuMeong munharaunda yeLaos.

Kuzadzwa nerwizi

Yakanyanya kupfuma mumaruva nemhuka dzeMekong. Pano, kunyanya muKambodia, rwizi dolphins nemakona zvakachengetedzwa. Mune rwizi urwu kune hove dzakawanda kwazvo - inobatwa nyore nyore nemisungo yemoo yakagadzirirwa kusvika kune zvino. Munguva yemafashamo, vabati vehove vanowana hove kwegore rose. Zvisikwa pachazvo zvakagadzira mamiriro akanaka kwazvo ekuberekwa kwemhando dzakawanda dzehove, iyo pamwe nemupunga ndiyo zvokudya zvikuru zvevanhu vazhinji vemo.