Mhando mabhiri: dzavo unhu uye zvivako

Nokuti kunyoresa zvikwereti uye kugarwa kuvhiyiwa tichibatsirwa pakati kuchengetedzeka yainyanya wevimbiso kucherechedza uye cheki. Mudziyo uri chokumbofanobata, yakaitwa maererano ushandiswe chimiro uye kupa anaro kodzero zvinoda munhu akafanirwa nokuda kwokuripirwa rugwaro, akati bhiri iri mari. A bhiri iri ano mari pamusika anogona kuita mashandiro mari senzira muripo uye kurapwa. Izvi zvinoitika kazhinji ari muchimiro chikwereti.

Chero mari zvokutsinhanisa hwakavakirwa kuvimba vanotengesa zvinhu uye mabasa kuti vatengi, nekuti pamwe kuritenga havana mari, uye vanovimbisa kubhadhara imwe mari iri kupiwa nguva. Pasinei nokuti bhiri - nomutemo nyaya dzemapepa haana evanhu chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa, uye uchapupu muripo wayo mutengesi anogamuchira chete zuva rayo cashing. Social inopikira anopiwa pamusoro manotsi, izvo zvinowanikwa kubva kuhurumende, uye nyaya bhiri ichi - mari pachinzvimbo zvinhu uye mabasa.

Characteristics bhiri kwaizova kukwana pasina siyana ayo. Vakawanda marudzi mabhiri: nyore kana uri woga uye kuchinjwa kana kubhengi ubate. A nyore Chishandiso unotora mudhirowa chipikirwa kubhadhara mari yakaratidza pamusoro chinoshandiswa anaro panguva raanotaura kuchengeteka. In bhiri nyaya yacho kutengeserana ane nhatu: rine chivimbiso kumucheri (mudhirowa) ari drawee (payer) kubhadhara chairo mari raanotaura chokumbofanobata kupati rechitatu. Mudhirowa inopa chikwereti kuna chikwereti chake, kureva, anoshandura (zvisaririra) chemhosva chikwereti kune mumwe munhu. Ndokusaka mudziyo yakadaro inonzi chinja. Kupira uku mabhiri zvinowanzoshandiswa basa dzakasiyana-siyana zvikwereti kwema.

By yezvakaita kutengeserana inotevera kusunungurwa inoti: zvokutengeserana, zvemari, ushamwari, uye ndarira. Vanozivikanwa kana rokutengesa mapepa - chokumbofanobata rinoshandiswa kana waita kutengwa uye kutengeswa nhumbi, kureva, pane kutengeswa kwenhumbi pamwe chokunyora mubhadharo. Commercial bepa, akavapindurawo, anogona kuva nyore uye transferable.

Finance bhiri rinoshandiswa pamasikiro kuwana chikwereti mari. Rinogonawo kuva nyore uye transferable. Kuti pave kwakadai kuchengeteka anogona Treasury, mabhengi, mabhizimisi, hurumende, uye vanhu. Friendly bhiri hazvirevi chinhu kutengeserana. kuchengeteka iyi inoshandiswa kubhadhara zvinhu kana mabasa pakati sangano uye mutengesi. Friendly chitsamba kunogona taurira vamwe sangano rimwe chete gare gare kubhangi kunotora pamusoro payo mari chaiyo kana kupa ruve rubatso. Bronze bhiri - ndiko pasina pachibvumirano, asi Ari wakabudiswa munhu asiri aripo munhu. In kwakadaro kuchengeteka hakusi payer.

Kusiyanisa Mhando mabhiri nokuda issuer kana mudhirowa. pachena ichi uye pasiri zvikwereti. Hurumende kuchengetedzeka dzinotengeswa Chokwadi, mamiriro uye vane zvinotevera subtypes: matunhu neminisiparati uye pfuma. Ivo anobudiswa ukuwo, nezviremera zvemo uye Treasury. Private mabhiri muri mabhiri uye ezvokutengeserana vanhu. Corporate kugadzira yemakambani kana mumabhengi. Zvinenge mabhiri zvose hurumende vari nyore zvikwereti zvemari. Private mabhiri zvose nyore uye transferable.

Wevimbiso manotsi kunogonawo kugoverwa maererano nezvaiva muripo; nekuti kuchengetedzeka iri kudiwa kuchengetedzeka ari chaiyo musi pakunamata, iri musi chaiwo rokugadzirira.

Uyezve, pane rugwaro vanochinjanwa dhisikaundi uye mubereko. The kubereka mubereko-manotsi dziri bhiri mari uye payee anogamuchira vamwe mari iri muchimiro dhisikaundi (musiyano kutenga mutengo bhiri uye bhiri uwandu). Murugwaro bhiri chimbadzo inoratidza kubva muzana iri mhosva pamusoro bhiri mari nenguva mharidzo bhiri.

On mundima Russian Federation iri mari mabhiri kwaireva kugoverwa pamusoro Ruble uye dzimwe mari.