Modern wengarava pfuti

Kubvira kare kare, kuramba simba egungwa vaionekwa zvikepe pamwe wengarava pfuti. In ichi rinokosha reDare caliber: zvikuru zvaaiva, kukosha panzombe kuvadza muvengi.

Zvisinei, kare muna rechi20 wengarava atirari remakore chinyararire rakachengetedzwa padivi itsva mhando chombo - asingandirayiridzi zvombo. Asi shoko iri achiri asina kusvika Kudzimwa kwechikwereti wengarava atirari. Uyezve, zvava modernized pasi ezvinhu ano yehondo pagungwa.

wengarava atirari Limbo

Kwenguva refu (kusvikira muzana remakore rechi16) Zvikepe zvaiva chete zvombo pedyo rwisana - gondohwe kurova, kuti zvigadziriswe pakati kuvadza muviri muchikepe, masts uye zvikwasviso. Yevanogara yaiva nzira rakajairika kugadzirisa kurwisana pagungwa.

Ground Mauto vakanyanya Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira. Panyika panguva iyoyo atoshandisa ose propelling zvigadziriswe. Gare gare vakatanga kushandisa zvombo zvakadaro mune wengarava pakurwa.

Kugadzirwa uye kupararira upfu (smoky) zvinoshamisa akachinjwa maoko Armed Forces. In Europe uye kuRussia, madota pakuzivikanwa muzana remakore rechi14.

Zvisinei, kushandisa pfuti gungwa haana akaita kufara pakati vechikepe. Gunpowder kazhinji hazvivaodzi uye pfuti misfire, kuti muhondo mamiriro akanga hwakazara mutsekwende muchikepe.

Rechi16 rakanga kutanga muzvigadzirwa yechimurenga zvinhu nokukurumidza inobereka mauto muEurope. Izvi zvinogona vasakanganise maoko. Pfuti zvakachinja design, wokutanga sighting mudziyo. Gun bharero rava Mobile. Kuvandudzwa unhu gunpowder. Muchikepe pfuti akatanga kuridza akakurumbira basa wengarava pakurwa.

Naval atirari rechi17

Muna 16-17 emakore atirari, kusanganisira gungwa, yambokurukurwa mberi. Zvikepe yakawedzera kuwanda kwepfuti nokuisa pamusoro shop akawanda. Zvikepe iyi vakasikwa inobva atirari kurwa.

Pakazosvika mangwanani remakore rechi17 kunge kuzivikanwa mhando, caliber wengarava pfuti, vachiridzira nzira kunge vakava kunobva zvomumvura chaizvo. A sainzi itsva - ballistics.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muchikepe pfuti ramakore rechi17 vaiva hunde dzacho vose 8-12 calibers. pfupi hunde wakadaro anokonzerwa kudiwa zvakazara dzosa mukati chikepe kuti kuzodzosera vachizvitakudza pfuti, uyewo chido kuderedza pfuti.

Muzana remakore rechi17, pamwe kuvandudzika pamusoro wengarava pfuti yakagadzirwa uye zvombo. Fleets vaiva incendiary uye putika anoshongwa, zvichiita zvakakomba kuvadza chikepe muvengi wayo rikarira. Wokutanga kushandisa putika anoshongwa vezvikepe Russian muna 1696, panguva storming pamusoro Azov.

Armed zvikepe muzana remakore rechi18

Ship pfuti ramakore rechi18 rave vaitova rakaoma zvechizarira. Panguva iyoyowo kwayo uremu haana kuchinja kubva muzana remakore rapfuura uye akanga 12, 24 uye 48 makirogiramu. Chokwadi kwaiva nedzimwe pfuti uye calibers, asi havasi zvakapararira.

The pfuti zvaiiswa yose chikepe: pauta, shure, okumusoro shop. Panguva iyoyo pasi rezasi uriri vaiva panonyanyisa zvombo.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti huru-caliber wengarava pfuti vakanga akatasva pfuti ngoro ine mavhiri. Under mavhiri izvi vari uriri kuti chinokosha grooves. Pashure vachiridzira kanoni mabhanzi shure hazviiti simba uye akanga zvakare kugadzirira loader. Muitiro rokukwidza muchikepe pfuti chaiva yakaoma uye ngozi chinhu kuverenga.

Kubudirira kwepfuti dzakadaro vachiridzira yakanga kuwanda 300 m, kunyange zvazvo anoshongwa vatsauka kusvika 1500 m. Chokwadi chokuti daro racho projectile anorasikirwa kinetic simba. Kana muzana remakore rechi17 frigate dzakaparadzwa 24-pondo anoshongwa, muzana remakore rechi18 yehondo akanga asingatyi, uye 48-pounder. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, kuEngland, zvikepe akatanga nezvombo 60-108-paundi cannons caliber 280 mm.

Nei pfuti pamusoro ngarava asina kunyorwa kure munhoroondo yacho chinyorwa?

Pakutanga, Missiles remakore rechi20 rakanga kutsiva chaiwo atirari, kusanganisira chiuto, asi hazvina kuitika. Rockets vakanga vasingakwanisi zvachose kutsiva muchikepe pfuti. Chikonzero iri ndechokuti atirari anoshongwa havana kutya chero mhando pusa uye kushingaira chipingaidzo. Zviri zvishoma hakunei okunze pane asingandirayiridzi zvombo. Volley wengarava pfuti kunotozongoita asvika chinangwa chake, kusafanana ano vazvo - rwendo zvombo.

Zvinokoshawo kuti pfuti vari mugungwa exchange guru zvombo uye zvikuru kupfuura chitundumuseremusere launchers. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mari wengarava kwepfuti iri zvikuru kuderedza chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.

Nhasi, saka, tichitarisa izvi zvinhu azopiwa kuteerera kukura wengarava atirari. Basa iri kuitwa pakavanda.

Asi nhasi, pfuti mukabhururukira muchikepe zvayakanakira yayo yose atambe zvikuru kutsigira basa muhondo Naval, pane kusarudza.

The itsva kunoita wengarava atirari mumamiriro ezvinhu ano

Remakore rechi20 vakauya pamusoro nokuchinja pre-yaivapo pokutanga Naval atirari. Kukura wengarava avhiyesheni aiva chikonzero. Air vachirwisa vaiva chikuru kutyisidzira muchikepe, wengarava pfuti kupfuura anokumhan'arira.

The Second World War akaratidza kuti mhepo kuzvidzivirira hurongwa zvava inokosha iri kunetsana mugungwa. The ichikosha rutsva mhando zvombo - asingandirayiridzi zvombo. The vagadziri kunge kushandisa chombo nehurongwa. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga kwakaregwa kukura uye kugadzirwa kwepfuti huru nomoto.

Zvisinei, zvombo zvitsva vaisagona zvachose kutsiva pfuti, kusanganisira chikepe. Gun, caliber asingasvavi pfuura 152 mm (caliber 76, 100, 114, 127 uye 130 mm), achiri akaramba ari Navy of USSR (Russia), United States, Britain, France, uye Italy. Zvisinei, zvino Naval atirari akanzi zvinopfuura kutsigira basa pane kuvhunduka. Ship pfuti aishandiswa achiwana rutsigiro, kudzivirirwa ndege muvengi. Yakatsviriridza Marine flak. Sokuziva, rinokosha chakarurama ayo mwero moto. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nokukurumidza-chikepe pfuti kwava chikuru muupenyu zvechiuto uye vagadziri.

Kuwedzera kakawanda kurira kwepfuti, yakagadzirwa zvaitika atirari enyika. Panguva iyoyowo kuisa vachibhejera zvinhu pamusoro yose sezvakaita yavo, kureva, vanofanira zvakaenzana zvakanaka kudzivirira chikepe kubva muvengi mhepo simba uye zvikepe, uyewo chikonzero kukuvadza kumahombekombe masvingo. The yokupedzisira yakanga nokuda achinja mazano mugungwa. Zvinenge chinhu chomunguva yakapfuura wengarava hondo pakati fleets. Zvino zvikepe zvakavharwa haichagona kushandiswa mabasa pedyo nemhenderekedzo senzira kuparadza muvengi wacho zvivako pasi anotsanangura. Pfungwa iyi iri kunooneka kukura ano wengarava zvombo.

Shipboard otomatiki atirari nehurongwa

Muna 1954, Soviet Union pakutanga kuti kukudziridzwa otomatiki caliber 76,2 mm hurongwa, uye muna 1967 vakatanga kukura uye kugadzirwa otomatiki caliber atirari hurongwa 100 uye 130 mm. Basa rekutanga otomatiki wengarava pfuti (57 mm) dvuhstvolny pfuti pagomo AK-725. Gare gare rakatsiviwa rakagamuchirwa chete-dhiramu 76.2-mm AK-176.

Panguva imwe chete AK-176 30-mm nokukurumidza-rovira AK-630 akasikwa ane chidhina matanhatu kutenderera miseve. Mumakore 80 ari Navy akagamuchira otomatiki muchina AK-130, izvo nhasi pamire warships vakapakata.

AK-130 uye ayo unhu

130mm wengarava pfuti yaiva chikamu chokugadza dvuhstvolny A-218. Pakutanga yakagadzirwa chete-barreled shanduro A-217, asi zvino kwakanga vakaziva kuti dvuhstvolny A-218 ane pangozi (kusvika 90 kwepfuti panguva hunde dzacho mbiri), uye zvatinofarira ikapiwa kwaari.

Asi kuti vagadziri aifanira kuwedzera kurema installation. Somugumisiro, uremu yose kunzwisisa yaiva mamita 150 (kugadzwa pacharo - 98 m, kudzorwa maitiro (CS) - 12 t, michini ARSENALNY dura - 40 m).

Kusiyana yapfuura tsvakurudzo chikepe pfuti (ona mufananidzo. Below) aiva nhamba itsva zvinhu hunowedzera ayo mwero moto.

Chokutanga, ndiko unitary katuriji, umo ruoko akanga akabatanidzwa pamwe Kamudzira, upfu mutariri uye projectile.

Uyewo, A-218 akanga otomatiki Reload zvombo, saka unogona kushandisa zvose zvombo pasina mamwe munhu.

SU "Leo-218" hakurevi kuti mutemo unoti kupindira kwevanhu. Kururamiswa vachiridzira anoita hurongwa pachayo kunoenderana rakarurama anowira anoshongwa kuputika.

A pamwero mukuru pfuti kurira kwepfuti uye kuvapo specialized, kuva kure uye radar fuses, iyo AK-130 kuti tikwanise moto pa mhepo huru.

AK-630 uye ayo unhu

Rate pakati wengarava pfuti AK-630 chakagadzirirwa kudzivirira chikepe kubva mhepo uye chiedza zvikepe muvengi.

It ane dhiramu kureba 54 caliber. Vachiridzira dungwerungwe pfuti kunoenderana muchikwata che nhovo huru: mhepo huru dziri kukanganiswa ari chinhambwe 4 km, chiedza nomumativi midziyo - kusvika 5 km.

Rate chokugadza rinosvika 4000-5000 zviuru vaitenderera paminiti. Saka tungamidzana pakureba zvinogona kurira kwepfuti 400, zvichiteverwa yokumbozorora kunodiwa 5 masekonzi kuti kutonhora pfuti emiti. Pashure kwezana 200 kwepfuti zvakakwana kumedura muna 1 wechipiri.

Zvombo AK-630 rine marudzi maviri kwepfuti: yakakwirira putika incendiary projectile RP-84, uye IYE-tracer-OR 84.

The atirari of US Navy

US Navy uyewo kukoshesa mumaoko akachinjwa. Nevakawanda akasuma Missiles, atirari akanga padivi. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura, vekuAmerica vakatanga kuteerera diki-caliber atirari, izvo dzabatsira chaizvo pamusoro ndege yakaderera-dzichibhururuka uye zvombo.

Pfungwa vakabhadhara kunyanya kwangoitwa pfuti pagomo 20-35 mm uye 100-127 mm. Ship otomatiki pfuti anotora nzvimbo akafanira iri chombo muchikepe.

Paavhareji caliber akagadzirirwa atema zvose zvinangwa, kunze epasi pemvura. Zvayakaita Fitting akaurayiwa kubva chiedza nesimbi uye Washington City Offices yanyatsosimba.

budiriro kuri kushingaira-reactive kwepfuti nokuda 127- uye 203-mm pfuti kumakomo.

Pari, tefa kugadzwa Mk45 127-geji anoonekwa kuva hwezuva setup nekuti zvikepe US.

Kubva maduku-caliber zvombo kucherechedza sextuple "Vulcan-Phalanx".

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Muna 1983 iri USSR paiva chirongwa kumboitika wengarava pfuti kuti sokunge murwi wemagazini steamer 19-20 emakore dhayamita pamusoro 406 neMM, asi musiyano chete ndechokuti nokuti yaigona kubhururuka ... pamusoro-soro dzinodzorwa kana kwakajairika projectile, mumwe rwendo chombo kana yenyukireya kudzika mubhadharo zvekupfakira . Rate akadai yezvisikwa zvishandiso kuvimba mhando vapfurwa. Somuenzaniso, nokuti anotungamirirwa zvombo ari vaitenderera 10 paminiti, uye kuti kwakajairika nevamwe - 15-20.

Zvinofadza kuti yakadaro "chikara" aigona nyore iiswe kunyange mumidziyo diki (2-3 thous. Matani misha). Zvisinei, Navy murayiro haana kuziva caliber ichi, saka basa yaisafanira ichizadzika.

Modern zvinodiwa kuti wengarava atirari

Maererano musoro rechi19 Test Site zvaidiwa muchikepe pfuti Alexander Tozik yanhasi isina kuramba chete - zviri akavimbika uye rakarurama vapfurwa.

Uyezve, ano wengarava pfuti vanofanira chiedza kukwanisa kuisa navo chiedza warships. Zvinonzi zvakare kunodiwa kuti mudziyo patunhu muvengi radar. Zvinotarisirwa chizvarwa mutsva zvombo, kuva yepamusoro rokuparadza rine uye kwakawedzera vachiridzira siyana.