Strategic bhomba ndege Tu-95MS "Bear"

Mushure Russian Federation akaita ndokutangazve Flights nzira dzinokosha vatakuri ndege mu alerting rudzi, nhau vakatanga kuonekwa mishumo kuti Tu-95MS ndege vanoonekwa pedyo mhepo kumuganhu United Kingdom, Guam, Japan nedzimwe nzvimbo kare basa kwakadaro haina kuchengetwa. Air miganhu, simba redu mhepo haina kuputswa, asi kutaura navo vanyatsomucherechedza, izvozvo kunonzwisiswa sezvo venga maitiro. Dzimwe nguva gamha (zvimiso) achibhururuka interceptors pamusoro NATO, uye chiitiko rakasimba. Chete panguva munyika sikuruu bhomba "Tu" Vamwe vanoongorora nemauto inonzi "kakasaririra". Pasinei okutuka remadunhu- zvakadaro, chitarisiko chake pedyo chiitwa nzvimbo wemauto uye navies venyika yemakambani vavengi ari kunetseka. Sei?

Pakutanga nguva "Hey-mabhomba"

Tu-95MS "Bear" - zvakananga muzukuru "ndege-95-1", pakutanga kusvika mhepo mumatsutso 1952. Operation muzhizha chikamu kwakatanga muna 1956, anenge akangofanana muna America, paiva famed B-52 vakatakura basa nhasi. Zviitiko asati mumwe prehistory.

Muna August 1945, US Air Force akaita mabhomba maviri kubhomba mumaguta Japanese. On muchiuto kwokugamuchirwa chiito ichi masayendisiti enyika vachiri nharo, asi mupfungwa kwechirwere Chokwadi, akatora nzvimbo. Nguva maatomu psychosis. Utungamiri Stalin yakanga pachena kuti kurasikirwa geopolitical rusununguko pasina mauto avo renyukireya pachavo pamusoro USSR. Panyaya iyi, zvikuru mabhomba (zvakaita kare dzakabudirira) hazvina kukwana, tinofanira inzira pakusununguka. chiyero First uye justifiable akatorwa mirayiridzo iyi yaiva kumusoro, "Boeing" B-29 "Stratofortress", isu anonzi Tu-4. Muna 1950 vakatanga yeKorea War, umo US mauto uchitova netsika nekusimba urongwa akavimba kapeti kubhomba kuitwa guru mhepo huru achibhururuka zvakasimba inotungamirwa. Zvisinei, The hurongwa, vakakundikana.

Kuita kuti "The Bear"

Mushure edenga mu varwi ndege Korean third-15 munjodzi yacho B-29 akava pachena. Gangaidzo rakanga kuti muSoviet ndege nemaoko avo pachavo kuti kuramba pfungwa yacho bhomba renyukireya rine pisitoni injini (kureva, kubva Tu-4), uye mumwe kubva Soviet Union panguva iyoyo akanga asina. Sezvo nyaya yokukurumidzira dzakamiswa basa iri waunotarisira muenzaniso Tu-85 nokuti obsolescence wayo nemagadzirirwo rwakazara. KB AN Tupolev akanzi kusika mutsva inotakura ndege svobodnopadayuschih tonnage pamusoro mabhomba kuti yaigona kubhururuka dzakakwirira zvikuru, nokukurumidza uye aifanira mukuru yetsiva nharaunda. Kushandisa chirongwa chakadai aigona chete kuva uchishandisa turbine injini. In pemwedzi 1951 basa rakatanga. Pakazosvika 1952, vakanga vakabudirira, zvaiita ndege ine mwero indekisi kuti "95", zvifambiswe kuti Banga "Zhukovsky" uye vakaungana ipapo. Nechokunze, akapotsa haana kwakasiyana Tu-95MS Ndege achibhururuka nhasi.

mukuru schematic

By yanhasi zvinodiwa marongerwo "bereka" (sezvaakanga akadanwa NATO) hakusi zvinoshamisa. Kutyaira chaiwo, kuti fuselage pamusoro dzeraundi muchinjikwa chikamu (kazhinji Tupolev sarudzo), yakatsvairwa bapiro, sredneraspolozhennoe. Chishamiso nyanzvi mukutanga mashanu kuti kukonzera refu chaizvo nacelle nokuda yakakwirira injini simba, uye kujairika mifananidzo nevaikonzera. The Tu-95MS haana vakapakata mana (sezvo B-17 kana B-29) screws navasere. On nomumwe akabatana ari injini kutenderera hwindimiri maviri oppositely (ndatenda kuti anonakidza mufananidzo giya), kwakarerekera zvipande izvo ane pakatarisana polarity. Saka kuramba kutungamirira mhepo, nokudaro kuwana yakakwirira kwazvo kunyatsoshanda (kusvika 82%). Izvi inotoda pakarepo akauya parameters simba chirimwa pamusoro Tu-95MS unhu pamwero pedyo turbojet unongotaura.

Kunze nguva izvi kujairika, mwoyo kukura uye geometry yacho airframe. urefu uye bapiro rayo span - vanenge 50 mamita. Yasimuka Weight - matani 180.

Kana kurema kurwa mutoro, panguva nokutungamirirwa zvikavavarira kusvika matani 12, asi nedanho nokunatswa uye kuvandudza magadzirirwo ayo anogona kurera kusvika 20 T (sezvo ane Tu-95MS "Bear").

"Mumuromo wekona '

Kuwedzera nemikana mhepo kudzivirira mugadziriro, zvose muna USSR uye mukushora nayo zvehondo nyika, zvishoma nezvishoma kukanganiswa pfungwa kushandisa svobodnopadayuschih mabhomba, kunyanya akashongedzerwa spetszaryadom. The United States uye Soviet Union panguva Mukunzwisisa izvi zvaiva mazana anonyatsoita uye hunogara michina kuti vane uwandu yakasiyana ndege unhu (range, kumhanya, akatakura vanokwanisa). In magadzirirwo kwavo uye kuvaka mari yakawanda yave apedza. Vaifanira kutsvaka kushandiswa itsva. Hazvizivikanwi vakanga pfungwa kushandisa bhomba ichibhururuka sechinhu launcher kuti rwendo zvombo, asi iye akanga rokuponesa kuti kirasi yose ndege. Modified Tu-95MS rava akadaro "mhepo-bhatiri", yakagadzirirwa nokuparura CD iri kwazvakarerekera vematunhu, pasina kupinda muvengi airspace uye vachiridzira pakarepo sezvo vhuu.

rehurumende version

Kutanga kubva mashanu (uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kubva kare) Ndege akava mhando "anyatsoronga" mutakurwi rengarava. Fani iyi ndiyo inonyanya chakanangana CB AN Tupoleva zvokuti kurangarira nomukurumbira Tu-104, inova kutendeutsa rwisana TU-16. Hurumende kare zvakurukurwa zvisingakoshi design mari motokari chete rehurumende, achisarudza kushandisa makagadzirira akagadzirwa mazano uye kujaira navo. Tu-95MS Ndege vakavhura yakareba kupfuura dzimwe shanduro "95th" mutakurwi Tu-114, rakatomboshandiswa mu "Aeroflot" uye kunyange aiva nenguva kununura vakawanda munyori Khrushchev muUnited States.

kuzvidzivirira

The 50s uye 60s inosimbisa nepfuti emplacements akashongedzerwa kunyange kutakura ndege AN-12. Nhasi, zvombo izvi zvinoita yechinyakare, uye pfungwa kushandisa cannons ndege kudzivirira murwi - kunyengedzwa. Asi atirari chombo keriya Tu-95MS rakaramba caliber yavo - 23 mm. Mune shanduro yokutanga vainyanya (kusvika hunde dzacho nhanhatu, 3 mapatya hurongwa). Pamusoro "mhepo-kuti-mhepo" zvombo, ivo kashoma kubatsira, asi kupa vamwe mukana wokufungisisa vanodzima kurwiswa neshure hemisphere. Nechepakati chirimwa kugadzirwa pamwe kanoni gs-23, pamusoro kushandiswa Tu-4, atirari midziyo vakawanda kwakafanana kunoratidzwa Rumhangapanga.

The chombo chikuru

Cruise zvombo X-55 - huru chombo Tu-95MS. Zvinoitwa dzavo vakakodzerwa yoga nyaya, asi nzira kusangana yavo ndege Chimiro riri yepakutanga uye kwezvokufuka yazvo nenzira. anoshongwa nhanhatu akapeta mapapiro, sezvakanga cartridges dziri mune dhiramu repfuti wakaiswa mukati fuselage. Pashure nezvekutanga imwe chitundumuseremusere yose womukati gadziriro iri zvayaitenderera paguyo ne 60 madhigirii, uye rinotevera X-55 akagadzirira kuparadzana kuburikidza hombe bhomba Bay.

Underwing pylons (mana) vari dzaona pamusoro kuturika kunyange gumi rwendo zvombo, ndege payload kunoita kutakura kurema yakadaro, kunyange akaderedza ndege unhu, kunowedzera aerodynamic zvuva uye, somugumisiro, mafuta kuparadzwa, uye kuwanda kunoderedza.

vashandi vanoshanda mamiriro

Tu-95MS - kwete kupfuura kusununguka motokari. The nzvimbo yemutekenyi rakanyatsojeka kunyatsotevera, kunyange zvisingafadzi zvinhu zvizhinji wakananga mushanduro kwokutanga, zvino chapedzwa. Vashandi kumberi pressurized kabhini inoitika pakakwirira manera kuburikidza nehwangwadza pakudzika uta, pedyo pamberi mbiru chassis kuburikidza nawo anosiya ndege pakuparwa zvashata. Kuti paitwe muitiro wemabatiro bhandi conveyor imwe mhando, asi parachuti kusvetuka pasi anogara nengozi, sezvo vakawanda mhepo angatozvikuvadza yakaderera altitudes (yasimuka uye kumhara). Catapult sezvo vakadaro vasipo.

Rear pressurized kabhini iri vakapakata yayo tsotsonya. Nokuti ruponeso tsaona pamusoro pegungwa Inflatable matanda inopiwa.

Vezvikepe vanotsutsumwa pamusoro soro nenhanho ruzha (injini vane simba kwazvo, nokuti 15 zviuru. Litres. With., Uye screws vane hombe uye pane sere). Zvisamufambira uye chimbuzi. Zvinofanira Zvisinei, ziva kuti basa pamasikiro 95th kunotanga Stalin yaitonga, apo nyaya zvimunakire akagashira sedzisina.

tarisiro

Aerodrome kumberi ndege, "Shona" iri Saratov mudunhu vakatanga pashure pokuwa Union huru Achivakira nzvimbo 32 vamapoka 90 ndege akaita nadzurudzo iyi. Muna 1992, nyaya yacho "Bears" Tu-95MS rakapera. Features chombo kubvumira Defence Ushumiri kuvimba zvichiita zvavo kushandisa kweinenge mumwe gumi makore.

Flight siyana kubvira 6 kusvika 10 zviuru.? Km kunopa rwisana nezvaanogona kuri mumashoko ndege chaishingaira nezvizvarwa. Rikurumidze kusvika 900 km / h rinoenderana parameters ose akati bhomba, B-52 vachiita zvakafanana mabasa. Tinogona kuisa midziyo zvigadzirwa muhondo anobvisa kumusoro "Bear" maonero kuti muvengi radar. Panguva Chaiyo kudzivirira kunowedzera upenyu basa. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko Tu-95 kwaiitirwa kukanzura pashure vokupedzisira vavo vanopererwa kumucheto. Panzvimbo yavo ichamuka kushanda ano zvine urongwa chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.