Mhuri Salmonids. Aina dze salmonids

Mhuri yeSalmonida ndiyo imwe yezvinonyanya kukosha pakati pehove dzebhizimisi. Nyama yavo yakataura kuti inobatsira, sezvo ine omega-3 fatty acids. Kudya kwavo kwekudya mumuviri wemunhu kunoderedza huwandu hwehushutera muropa, uye naizvozvo hunobatsira kudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano hwemwoyo.

Mhuri Tsanangudzo

Mhuri yeSalmonidae inosanganisira hove ine mhuka yakanyatsotaridzika, yakanyatsooneka. Musoro wavo wakashama, kwete nyiri. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvehove dzemhuri iyi ndehupo hwemafuta ekupedzisira, asina mahara. Izvowo dzine doral fin, dzinotora kubva pa10 kusvika ku16 rays. Maziso ehove yemhuri yeSalmonida yakafukidzwa nemaziso emaziso. Muchikadzi, mazai kubva mavari mazai anopinda mumuviri, uye kubva ipapo kuburikidza nekuzarurirwa kwakapinda mumvura. Kune marudzi akasiyana ehove yearimoni, asi vose vane chimwe chinhu. Vanhu vanogona kuchinja maitiro avo zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzekugara, uyewo mararamiro avo . Semuenzaniso, maitiro avo anosiyana panguva yekuzadza. Kunyanya pasi pekuchinja kune varume, vanowana chimiro chakanaka chekufuka. Mavara avo kubva ku grey anova mavara, ane nzvimbo dzemavara, matema kana akachena machena. Ganda rinokura, zviyero zvinomera mukati maro. Mheto dzinopisa, meno anokura. Imba inoratidzika kumashure. Vatsvakurudzi vane shanduro dzakasiyana dzekuonekwa kwechikwata chekukomba muhove. Vamwe vanoshamwaridzana neizvi nekudzoka kumamiriro emadziteteguru avo, vamwe - kune maitiro ehomoni, vamwe vanotenda kuti shanduro yakadaro inokubvumira kukukwezva vakadzi.

Kurongwa

Mhuri yeSalmonids, iyo vamiririri vane nyama inonaka uye inovaka muviri, inogoverwa kuva maviri subfamilies:

• Zvechokwadi Salmonids;
• Shigovye.

Vamiririri vechidiki chechimiro sigovogo vanosiyana mumuromo mutsva, zviyero zvakakura uye zvikamu zvechimiro chehenya. Hove dzakarongerwa mumhuri yeSalmonida dzakarongerwa, uye nekuve imwe yenhengo yakasiyana-siyana:

• Sarumoni yePacific inowanikwa mubhesheni rePacific. Vane zviyero zvemasvikiro kana zviduku, mazai makuru ekundu-orange. Ihwo hunhu hwehupenyu hwehove idzi huri murufu rwavo mushure mekuberekwa. Mhando dzeSalmonids dzePacific Family: chum, pink salmon, salon koho, saokonok saalmon, sackeye saumini.

• Saroni chaiyo ine shoma shomanana ine zviduku zvishoma pane vamwe vavo vePacific. Vechiduku vane mazino kumashure kwefupa revomerine. Ihove idzi dzinoshandura mararamiro avo chaiwo kune "chikafu chisina kupfeka" panguva yekubereka, asi haufaniri kuitevera. Vanogara kumativi ekuchamhembe kweAtlantic, Pacific Oceans. Iwe unogona kuasangana navo muGungwa Dzvuku, Aral, Caspian uye Baltic. Nokuti idzi salmon inoratidzwa nekukwinya kwakajeka kwezviyero.

• Majoko ariwowo emhuri yeSalmonids, mazita emazita avo, zvisinei, haasi akaenzana neaya ePalmon yaPacific. Iyi yegumisi yakafanana nesaroni chaiyo, asi vamiririri vayo havana mazino pane zvinokonzera mapfupa, uyewo mavara akajeka.

Salmon yepini

Imwe hove inokosha yekutengeserana yemhuri yeSalmonida ndeyepini saalm. Ndiyo mumiriri wepamusoro wepalm yaPacific. Salmonid yemarudzi aya haasi makuru, anosvika 76 cm murefu, huwandu hwazvo hunorema 5.5 kg. Inogara kuchamhembe kweGungwa reJapan, kubva kumhenderekedzo yeKamchatka, muGungwa reOkhotsk. Chimiro chepinki salmon chinowirirana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekugara kwayo. Kuva mune gungwa, hove ine chiyero chechiedza, kumashure uko kune zvakawanda zviduku. Apo patinoswedera kumera nekudzika kusvika muzamu pineki (salmon, sezvatakatoti tashandura maitiro avo panguva ino) inosvibiswa, musoro nemapango zvinenge zvakasviba. Chero bedzi chirwere chinoramba chiine ruvara rwaro rwekare. Muvarume, hump hukuru inokura kumashure, masaya anoshanduka zvakasimba, mazino anoonekwa.

Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwepiniki salmon inenge mwedzi 18. Mugore rechipiri, vanenge vanhu vose vanoita zvepabonde, vari kugadzirira kubereka. Izvo zvinoitika kubva munaJune kusvika munaSeptember, nguva inobva pane imwe nzvimbo. Nzvimbo dzekubereka dzinowanikwa pane zvikamu zvehova dziri pedyo zvikuru negungwa. Munyaya iyi, nzira yavari kwavari inotora nguva shomanana musaini yesaini pane vamwe vamiriri veSalmon yePacific. Iyo yakanakira kupisa kwemvura munzizi panguva yekubereka inobva kune 6 kusvika ku14 degrees. Caviar, yakagadzirirwa nevakadzi, inoumba murwi unobuda. Pakupera kwaSeptember, maruva acho anobva, anoramba achienderera mberi, zvichienderana nenguva yekubereka, kusvika munaJanuary. Kubva munaEpril kusvika munaJuly pane kubuda kwefry kugungwa. Kutanga vari mumiromo yehova, ndokugoverwa pamvura. Nenguva yaOctober, nguva yavo yehupenyu pagungwa kazhinji inotanga.

Keta

Imwe hove yakakosha mumugariro wekutengeserana ndiyo keta, mufananidzo wekuti inogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku ezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri. Inogara munzvimbo yose yekuchamhembe yePacific Ocean. Ihove ine ruvara rwemisi, iyo inoshandiswa nekutarisa kwekuzadza. Zviyero zvakasviba, maronda akavaraidza anoonekwa mumuviri. Pakuvamba kwekuzadza, hove dzinenge dzava kunyanya kuva dema, maruva anochinja kunyange marate uye rurimi. Iyo keta, iyo iyo yakaitwa panguva yekudya, yakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune yakatorwa panguva yemvura yakasviba. Vamiririri vezvipenyu izvi vanogoverwa kuva zhizha uye nekupura vanhu. Iyo kati yezhizha inoenda kunotanga mangwanani ekutanga kwaJuly - pakati peAugust. Iyo inosvika kusvika masendimita 80 murefu. Kubvamo chum inokura kusvika 1 m, huwandu hwayo hukuru kune iyo yega yega yega. Ihove yakadaro inobereka pakupera kwaAgasti - kutanga kwaSeptember. Keta inomuka pamusoro penzizi zvakanyanya kupfurikidza nepinki yepalm, nzira inotora nguva yakawanda. Nemhaka yeizvi, hove dzinowanzotanga kutora pasi pechando. Panguva imwe chete yevana vehuzha yezhizha kune mukana wekufa nekuda kwekuvhenekera kwakadzika kwemitozi miduku, kwainoisa mazai ayo. Autumn chum salmon inopinda mumasitirwo emvura pasi pemvura isingasviki zvakanyanya, saka fry yayo inopfuurira kusvika muchero pavanenge vachibuda muhombe dzinobereka ndokuburukira mugungwa.

Nerka

Mhando dzakawanda dzehove dzinosanganisira mhuri ye salmonids. Vamiririri vejenasi yepalm saalm vane sockeye saumini. Ihove iyi inowanzoparadzirwa munzvimbo yeAmerica gungwa rePacific Ocean. Nhamba yakakura iri ku Alaska. Panharaunda yenyika yedu, sockeye saumini inowanikwa zvishoma kudarika chum salmon kana pink salmon. Iyo hove inouya zvikurukuru kune nzizi dzeKamchatka neAnadyr. Uyewo iyi hove inokosha yemhuri yeSalmonida inoshanyira nzizi dzeKuril Islands, the Command Islands. Nyama yaro yakatsvuka, ine yakanakisa, inonaka.

Munguva yaro mararamiro ehova, ganda recheni rine ruvara rwesirivha rwemuviri, chete kumusana kwaro kune michero yemavara-bhuruu. Cardinally inochinja mararamiro ayo munguva yekusimudza. Hove dzinokoshesa zviso zvavo nemucheka mutsvuku, musoro wakachena uye mutsvuku. Izvo zvinenge zvisingaiti salmon salmon uye nyema chum saalm mumuvara wekasikoni. Pane zviduku zvitsva chete pamuswe kana mumuviri. Kutanga kunotanga kutanga, kazhinji muna May kana June, uye kunopera kusvikira pakuguma kwezhizha. Panguva imwecheteyo, vazhinji vevakasununguka vanoburukira kugungwa chete gore rakatevera mushure mokusiya mazai, izvo zvinoitika pakati pechando. Vamwe vanhu vanogara muhova kwemakore matatu. Ichokwadi, kunewo avo vanoita madzinza mugungwa mugore rabuda caviar. Kukura kwesaumini yesaumini kunosvika makore matanhatu ehupenyu.

Coho

Coho salmoni anoda kunhuhwa kupfuura zvose kubva muSalmon yePacific. Panharaunda yenyika yedu haisi kupararira, pamhenderekedzo yeAsia yePacific Ocean kune dzimwe nguva kushanyira kwemahove aya kune nzizi. Inowanzowanikwa muKamchatka chete. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana chesaiti ye coho ndiyo chikamu chayo chakajeka. Munguva yekubereka, inova yakajeka. Mbeu ye coho inogona kusvika inenge 84 cm, kureba kwemazana emasikirini 60 cm.Salmon yehoho inobva pakarepo - pakupera kwaSeptember. Iyi nguva inosvika kusvikira muna March. Kakawanda kanenge kuchizadza kakatova pasi pechando. Iyo fry mushure mekunge vasunungurwa kubva mazai kwemakore 1-2 vanogara murwizi, uye zvino vanopinda mugungwa. Iyi nguva yehupenyu mu coho ifupi. Ikozvino mugore rechitatu rekuvapo, vanhu vanoita zvepabonde vakura uye vanofa mushure mokuberekwa.

Chinook

Chinook ndiye mureza mukuru wemhuri yeSalmonida. Kureba kwayo kunowanikwa pamasendimita 90, asi kunewo vanhu vakawanda vanorema kusvika 50 kg. Pasinei neizvi, munyika yedu chinook haina kukosha kwekutengeserana, sezvo yakawanda munharaunda yeRussia iduku. Iwe unogona kusangana neCokokok pamhenderekedzo yeAsia yePacific Ocean chete munzizi dzeKamchatka, uko inopinda. Inotanga ikozvino pakati peMay uye inoguma muzhizha rose. Chubach inobata nyore nyore ikozvino yakasimba, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo inokwanisa kukunda zvachose. Iine muswe wayo, inoita matangi mumatombo, paanoisa mazai ayo. Fry anogara murwizi kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana, ndokubva apinda mugungwa. Iyi nguva yeSalmon inotora makore 4 kusvika ku7.

Salmon yakanaka

Salmon inokudzwa inowanzonzi salmon. Iyi ihove huru, inosvika kureba inenge 1.5 mamita. Kurema kwayo ndiko kusvika 39 kg. Mucherechedzo wekalmoni yakanaka isirivha, mushure mutsara muduku chete pane dzimwe nzvimbo masikati machena anoyeuchidza humiro ye tsamba "X". Pamakona emuviri wemuviri ane bluish tide. Paanenge achidonha mugungwa, salmoni inodyisa hove duku, makastaceans. Nekutanga kwekuzadza, hove dzinomira kudya zvachose uye nzizi dzinoyerera zvakanyatsonaka. Nguwo yechato haisi kunyatsoratidza. Iko inosanganisira kuisa chiyero mumiviri pamuviri uye kuonekwa kwemavara emaruva. Kuzadza kunoitika, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yehove, mukutenga kana munguva yechando. Salmon caviar inobereka zvishoma nezvishoma, uye fry inoisiya iyo chete pakupera kwegore - pakutanga kwezhizha. Panguva imwe chete, vanogara mumvura yakachena kwenguva refu. Nguva yekusunungurwa kwavo mugungwa yakasiyana kubva pa1 kusvika kumakore mashanu. Vanhu vakuru havasi kufa mushure mokuzadza, dzimwe hove, pasinei nekurasikirwa kwemahombekombe uye kusakara kwemafini, zvinogona kudzokera kugungwa. Ikoko vanokurumidza kudya uye vobva vadzoka, kunyange kudzorerazve kunoratidzwa mune salmon yakanaka kwazvo kazhinji. Ihove idzi dzinorarama kusvika makore gumi nematanhatu.

Bhatiro

Kumzhu, kana salmon-taimen, inogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune salmon yakaisvonaka muvara. Mavara ari mumuviri wake anowanikwa kumusoro uye pasi pemusara waro. Pamusoro uye pakagadziriswa pasi kune mavara machena machena. Inogara muBlack, Baltic, Aral Seas. Zvisinei, hazviiti kuti vanhu vakawanda vaende ikoko, sezvo zvakasungirirwa zvikuru kumvura itsva. Pakupedzisira, mhashu inobva pamasendimita makumi matatu kusvika masere makumi manomwe nemasere uye uremu hwemuviri kusvika kune 5 kg. Kusiyana nesaroni yakanaka, salmon-taimen, inofamba, inoenderera mberi kudyisa, kunyange isingaiti zvakasimba segungwa. Fry ripen kubva pamakore matatu kusvika kune manomwe, zvino enda kugungwa.

Trout lake

Lake trout igomba risina kupfuura nenzizi nemakungwa. Ihove idzi dzinogara mumvura yakajeka uye inotonhora, uye inobereka mumitsinje nemhepo inokurumidzira inoyerera ichienda kugungwa. Nokupenya kwaro panguva yekudyisa mhuka inofananidzwa nehombodo. Munguva yekuchera, ruvara runochinja, chimiro chisina kuonekwa chinowoneka. Muchikadzi, zviyero zviduku zvakasviba, varume vanayowo michero yakaita machena machena pairi. Ruvara rwemicheto inoshandukawo. Mumadzimai vanosviba, uye mumurume mhepo inopera inopinduka pink kana yakajeka machena.

Golets

Kunewo hove dzakadai sehove, dzine mazita anonyatsoenderana nechitarisiko chavo. Goltsy, somuenzaniso, akawana zita ravo nekuda kwezviyero zviduku, nekuda kwekuti muviri wavo unoita wakashama. Izvo zvakaparadzirwa zvikuru. MuMagadan uye muKamchatka kune marudzi gumi ehove idzi dziri chikamu chemhuri yeSalmonida. Masasa anogona kunge akaita semigwagwa, ayo anodururirwa mugungwa, uye kugara. Izvozvo hazvikwanisi kuenda kune rimwe gungwa, zvimwe zvachose hupenyu hwavo huri mumahombekombe, mukumira kwemvura inopera uye inobereka.