Zasulich Vera Ivanovna: Biography, akaedza Trepov

Zasulich Vera Ivanovna ndiye vasingabvumirani zvikuru munhau. Avo vasiri kufarira nezvokuzadziswa Biography womukadzi kazhinji kuyeuka payo mufananidzo heroine, uyo akapfura yokuzvifadza yepamutemo Trepov. Pasinei kwokuomerwa kugumbusa uye kuti akanga achida kuita chakaipa kupfuura mhosva - kuuraya munhu, vaiongorora nyaya kururamiswa zvizere pamusoro dare. Zviremera Local zvave zvakasimba angapikisana nechisarudzo ichi, uye zuva rakatevera akarayira kuzodzosera kusungwa Zasulich. Asi kusvikira chisarudzo chakadaro chakabatwa, Vera akakwanisa kusiya nyika uye kudzivisa mujeri.

pose mukurumbira

Nokuti kuti paitongwa Vera Zasulich kamwe pamuviri international mhinduro, zita rake vanhu vakawanda kuwadzana nokururamisira uye kuti akanyora kwemitemo havasi nokudenga. In mudzimba mabasa ari munhoroondo rinotaurwa somunhu munyori, mushanduri mabasa Marx uye Shona, uyewo mabasa Russian nomukurumbira.

In zvinyorwa zvizhinji, zviri kunzi pakati murongi rokutanga kwazvo Marxist sangano rinonzi "Kusunungurwa of Labor". Asi panguva imwe chete, vamwe vane zvakawanda vainyatsoongorora ruzivo pamusoro Faith, akaritumidza nyore gororo, bespredelschitsey, gandanga uye anarchist.

Zasulich Vera Ivanovna: Biography, uduku mhuri

July 27, 1849 mune Russian musha duku Mikhailovka, iyo inoona nezvenjodzi ndowenyika Smolensk mupurovhinzi, akaberekwa ari musikana Faith. mhuri yake aisagona kuzvirumbidza mari chaiyo, nokuti vabereki vaionekwa varombo vanokudzwa. Kuwedzera Faith vakanga zvakawanda nevanasikana vaviri. Baba - Ivan Zasulich aiva pamudyandigere mukuru. Akafa muna 1852, apo Faith aiva nemakore matatu chete okuberekwa. The Amai kukwanisa zvokudya vana vatatu uye, naizvozvo, mumwe vanasikana vakasarudza kutuma munhu akapfuma hama. Kusarudza akawira Faith, uye iye akaenda kumusha Byakolovo apo tete wake akararama. Pane kwapfuura zvose achiri muduku, uye chose voukama akamutsa musikana.

Youth uye dzidzo

Pazera gumi Zasulich Vera Ivanovna akatumirwa private yevanogara imba imwe muMoscow. Ikoko akadzidza mitauro yokumwe uye akagadzirira kushanda somunhu governess. Nokururamisira Inoziva zvakanaka zvose vakadzidziswa zviri yevanogara mumba nesayenzi, muna 1867 akatambira dhipuroma Vera musha mudzidzisi, uye narwo vakaenda kukunda Petersburg. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti musikana muduku isina ruzivo uye vanorumbidza havana kuwana basa mumunda ravo. Sezvo mari upenyu akanga achiri mari, iye asvika wedzimhosva. Tashumira wezvokukurukurirana yake kwerinenge gore, Vera akasiya basa uye vakasarudza kudzokera guru. Ikoko iye anowana basa perepletchitsey uye usununguke kuwana dzakasiyana-siyana mabhuku, kuverenga uye nguva dzose mubasa kuzvidzora kuvandudzika. Panguva ino Zassulich anova anoziva chakasimba kuti chimurenga, uye kuda kuva vanoshingaira.

Muchirongwa echimurenga kufamba uye dzinouraya kujairirana Nechayev

Agara St. Petersburg, chete gore, Zasulich Vera Ivanovna akakwanisa kutora chikamu mune basa zhinji echimurenga yeChina. Panopera 1862, kushanyira mumwe wavo, iye akasangana nomukurumbira echimurenga Nechaeva. Spotted Faith uye sezvinooneka kuita kunze kwake echimurenga shungu uye yakawanda zvinogona, akaedza refu zvakakwana kunyengera naye kupinda sangano rake rinonzi "People kwaiitwa".

Zasulich vakaramba mazano akadaro, nokuti ndaifunga pfungwa dzose Nechaeva zvikuru uye zvakazonaka. Panguva iyoyowo, kuramba priverzhenka echimurenga maonero, iye akabva kwaari kero yake kumba. Gare gare Nechayev akahushandisa kutumira nokugamuchira na illegals. Imwe yetsamba idzi, pasinei nokuti kutenda kwake haana kuverenga, uye aiva chikonzero kusungwa kwake wokutanga.

Kusungwa uye kusungwa

Panguva Kupfuudzwa, tsamba imwe illegals Zasulich Vera Ivanovna akatanga kusungwa. Kwerinenge gore, akanga akasungwa munhare.

Anenge 2 years mukadzi akasununguka, asi chete pakarepo kuzodzosera zvasungirwa kuparadzira mabhuku zvisiri pamutemo, uye sechirango vakatumwa kuutapwa. Kutenda kushumira yake yokutanga muna Novgorod kudunhu, ipapo mu Tver.

Upenyu mushure Zasulich Links

Muna 1875, iye anooneka mune Kharkov. Nguva dzose ari pasi pedyo mapurisa nokuongororwa. Kuti zvimwe kuronga upenyu hwavo ramangwana, Vera anosarudza kunyoresa mapoka madzimbuya, asiwo echimurenga mabasa riri zvakazara kutaura bhayibhayi chero nyaya kwete kuenda.

Muna 1872 akava nhengo "vapanduki Southern", iro riri mu Kiev, asi yakanga mahofisi ayo yose Ukraine. Kuva kwaro nemapoka Faith akatora Zvinoshingaira vari sangano murimi mudiki kumukira. Pashure dzakatevedzana nezvipingamupinyi Zassulich anodzokera St. Petersburg uye vakatanga kushanda rimwe pachivande kudhinda dzimba, raiva sangano "Nyika uye Freedom". Faith akapinda ayo pemisara, uye pashure penguva pfupi nguva yakawanda, muna January 1878, iye akaita kurwisa kwake kunozivikanwa musi Trepov.

Misdemeanor meya, vanotsamwisa Zassulich

Kamwe pedo Kazan Cathedral boka vadzidzi vakaronga vairatidzira. Kuita muna December 1876, akasungwa uye akatongerwa rakaoma mudzidzi Bogolyubov. Panguva iyoyo, koporo chirango uye kurwadziswa vasungwa enyika chikonzero vakanga zvachose wairambidza. Asi hurongwa meya Trepov Bogolyubov akanga zvikuru varohwa neshamhu. Pari, mashoko ari nechakare kuti 2 makore chiitiko, mumwe mudzidzi akafa muchipatara. Muchiitiko chino, pamusana kare Kutamiswa chirango Bogolyubov aiva mumamiriro kupenga rima.

Chikonzero kuti meya akapa kuti kurova Man neshamhu, aiva kuti Bogolyubov haana kubvisa ngowani yake pamberi pake uye akaratidza kusaremekedza kwavo kuna wamambo. Chisarudzo ichi Trepov akaita resonance pakati vanhuwo zvavo uye, chokwadi, vakawanda dzinoronga. Hatina kusiya chokwadi ichi pasina kutarisirwa uye kuipandukira.

kuedza kuuraya

Mumwe wevaya kuudzwa nehanya ari meya, aiva Vera Zasulich.
The kuedza pamusoro poupenyu Trepov, izvo mimba, akarongeka uye akaita kuti akaburuka munhau uye vakauya incredible mukurumbira wake. Gare gare tizadzise chiito chayo maitiro sezvo gandanga chiito, uye kutenda pachayo Ngatidane musikana, iye akawedzera ake chiito echimurenga anotyisa yose Russia.

Kana kuronga chiito kutsiva, Zasulich akasaina chive kugadzwa hwepedyo gavhuna. Mangwanani January 24, 1878 akaenda kuhofisi kwake uye akaita bara kuti vakakuvadzwa Trepov zvakakomba. Vera akasungwa ari panzvimbo.

Nhengo dare, mapinda nhoroondo mutemo

Peterburg sachigaro District Court iyi yaiva A. F. Koni. Musoro kuhofisi St Petersburg muchuchisi wacho akaomerera kuti nyaya Zasulich kugadziriswa vatongi, nekuti chido chavo chikuru chaiva kurerutsa dzezvematongerwo enyika yacho. Panguva iyoyowo vanhuwo vakatenda Trepov uori pfumbamuromo-anotora, uye kunyange kuvagadza Tyava matanda Bogolyubov, mukurumbira wake munyika haana yakanakisisa. Pashure pechiitiko nomudzidzi wacho chirango pfungwa nezvazvo, Chokwadi, haana nani. Naizvozvo chisarudzo kuti mutongo pamusoro vatongi achaita nharo, akaita mumaoko Zasulich.

Pakutanga haana achibatsirwa gweta, asi pashure pokuverenga nominated muchuchisi kupomera mhosva jira wake, Kutenda akaziva kuti iye haagoni kurarama. rubatsiro rwake pakudzivirira kwayo akapa vazhinji (sezvo chero gweta aida chipenye akadaro mukuru-Profile nyaya), asi avo aanoda anopiwa Petru Aleksandrovu.

Akanga ari mwanakomana womupristi uye kare aishanda ari muchuchisi dare yomukati. Paaitaura bhururu wake Alexander kakawanda nechokwadi kuti aizoita zvose zvaanogona kuti kuhwina nyaya Zasulich. Uye zvakazara akaruramiswa tariro yacho Faith. Pamusana kutaura kwake kwakajeka, vaiongorora nyaya kumuwana mhosva.

Upenyu mushure kanganwiro

Sezvo zviremera zvomunzvimbo vakatadza kudzivirira kupararira mafungiro pakati vanhu kuti vanogona kupfura vakuru vakuru, uye ipapo kururamiswa, rakatevera zuva mutongo wedare akanga akumbira uye mutsva kuvharirwa murayiro wakapiwa kubudikidza Faith. Zvinofungirwa kuva zvichibvira Zvaizobuda chiitiko, uye akapotsa pakarepo pashure pokusunungurwa achibatsirwa neshamwari Zassulich vakatizira kuSwitzerland. Akadzokera kumba chete muna 1879 uye pakarepo pamwe Plekhanov vakatanga Zvinoshingaira mu pakusikwa sangano "Black redistribution".

Vera akaedza kufungidzira vanonzi nzira "munhu ugandanga", asi kunze kuti chaizvo kukurumidza mwoyo kushanda kwayo, saka pamusoro payo asi zvakare kutarisana nengozi chaiyo rechipiri kusungwa. Yakanga muupenyu hwake, uye nyaya kumanikidzwa kuenda kumwe rechipiri - Zassulich akakurumidza akasiyiwa Paris.

echimurenga basa

Nepo France, Vera Ivanovna nekunhonga mari Russian vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika. maonero ake pamusoro zvinotyisa achinja zvikuru, uye zvinova priverzhenka echimurenga Marxism. It anoshandura kupinda Russian basa Marx uye Shona, rinobudisa nyaya yake zhinji European democracies magazini. Next, akatamira kuLondon, kwaakanga anotungamirira chinoshingaira journalistic mabasa, vaiita basa sayenzi. Paaiva kuGeneva, muna 1883, Vera akava kushingaira ubatanidzwe pakusikwa "Kusunungurwa of Labor", iro akabata uchibatsirwa Russian vanotodzoka. Yakanga chete muna 1899 pasi aigona kudzokera St. Petersburg venhema zita. Akanga pachako aiziva Lenin, yaiva chikamu Editorial Board of inonzi "Zorya" uye pepanhau "Iskra".

Death Zasulich

Pasinei vakadaro achishingaira kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu hwake Vera Zasulich akanzwa mwoyo. Kuvakira ayo anoshamisa ruzivo, zviri vakaramba zvakasimba uye vaishora marudzi ose ugandanga sechinhu echimurenga hondo.

February zviitiko 1917 akamutorera somunhu Bourgeois-democratic chimurenga, asi kwete nevanhu. The October Revolution aita naye sezvo mwoyo mumwe chete. Zasulich akanyora kuti asimbiswa simba Soviet chete girazi mufananidzo yapfuura umwe tsarist hwechiKomonisiti.

Vera Ivanovna akafa May 8, 1919. Iye akavigwa Volkov kumakuva pedyo paguva Plekhanov.