Mifananidzo yaAndrei Rublev. Unyanzvi hwemifananidzo yekudhira

Andrei Rublev (1370-1428 gg.) - munyori wemifananidzo wekuRussia anozivikanwa uye akaremekedzwa. Inogona kukonzerwa neChechi yeOrthodox pamberi peMurevere.

Monasticism

Mucherechedzi wacho akatora tonure muAndronik imba yemasitere imbasi pasi pezita rokuti Andrei. Basa raRublev rakabva pamitambo yekare yehutungamiri hweMoscow, uye akawana ruzivo rwemhizha, achitevera maSlavic ezvitendero.

Mifananidzo yaAndrei Rublev haigoni kunzi kuvepa mufananidzo mupfungwa, basa rake kubva pakutanga rairatidza sarral theme. Basa rokutanga remufananidzo, raakanyora, rakagadzirirwa "Evhangeri Khitrovo." Idzi dzaiva zvidhori zvichishandurwa zvine zvinyorwa nezvakanyorwa mubhuku racho.

Yokutanga inoshanda

Muna 1405, Rublev akatora mufananidzo weAn Annunciation Cathedral weMoscow Kremlin, pamwe chete naTheophanes the Greek, ane ruzivo rwemufananidzo wemufananidzo, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga atova nehutano hwakadai se "Our Lady of Don" ne "Old Testament Utatu". Monk Andrei Rublev akabvumirwa kune basa rakadaro rakagadzirisa, uye kunyange nemunhu akadaro anozivikanwa saTheophanes the Greek, nekuda kwezvaakareva tarenda. Mumwedzi yokutanga yebasa revanoratidzi vezvifananidzo, vafundisi vakakwirira veMoscow vaive nechokwadi chekusarudza kwakanaka - mifananidzo yaAndrei Rublev yakazara zvakakwana nechepamusoro chechechi yemitemo yenguva iyoyo. Pashure pokupedzisa basa pamafresco eKannhedral Cathedral, Rublev akazova mutungamiriri wemufananidzo weRussian painting.

Nguva yechipiri Andrei Rublev mifananidzo yakataurwa munhoroondo ye 1408, idzi dzaiva murals muAssumption Cathedral muVladimir. Panguva ino muenzi wacho akashanda pamwe chete nomukurumbira wemifananidzo anonzi Daniil Cherniy. Panguva iyoyo Rublev akanga atoita maitiro ake, zvirokwazvo reRussia. Basa rakazotevera rekufananidzira-mufananidzo naDaniel Cherniy rakava kereke yeChitatu-Sergius Lavra muSergiev Posad.

"Utatu Hutsvene"

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi15 Andrei Rublev akasika imwe yemabasa makuru ehupenyu hwake - chiratidzo "Utatu Mutsvene", ikozvino iri muTrtyakov Gallery kuMoscow. Chimiro chetsika kubva muBhaibheri, munyori akapa chinangwa chakanaka, akapa chifananidzo chisingaoneki chigadziro chinogadzirwa. Pakati nepakati mufananidzo-munyori akaronga mukombe, uye akapoteredza - vatumwa vatatu, vagere vakachengetedzwa. Mudzimu Mutsvene, vashumiri vaMwari vakapfeka nenzira dzakasiyana. Ngirozi iri pakati yakapfeka nguo yakatsvuka uye yakasvikirwa tsvuku tsvuku uye yakafukidzwa nebhuruu gimaty, shure kwake igwenzi rinoputika, chiratidzo chekuve weMusiki Mukuru. Mudzimu mutsvene uri kurudyi, mumicheka yeutsi-mavara matema, ari mu hypostasis, mushure maro unobuda dombo. Ngirozi kuruboshwe, mune chivara chepepuru tsvuku, inoiswa mushure meimba, ndiye muumbi, musoro wekuvaka imba. Mukuona kwakataurirwa kune dzimwe ngirozi mbiri, hukuru hwebaba hunoverengwa. Mweya Mutsvene mukati uye mutumwa akagara paakarurama akotamire kwaari.

Chimwe chimiro chisingaoneki chepasi rose, icho chakasikwa neRussia mufananidzo wemufananidzo Andrei Rublev, - "Utatu". Tsanangudzo yemufananidzo, nhoroondo yayo, ruzivo pamusoro pekuve kwaive kwemakore mazana matanhatu - izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa mune mamwe mabhuku akazvitsaurirwa kumuenzi mukuru. Ruzivo rwechokwadi runogona kuwanikwa muTrtyakov Gallery, iri pa: Moscow, Lavrushinsky Lane, 10.

Rwendo rwemabasa

Anozivikanwa Mifananidzo yeAndrei Rublyov inenge mifananidzo makumi matatu yakanyorwa nemufananidzo panguva dzakasiyana dziri mu Annunciation Cathedral yeMoscow Kremlin, Assumption Cathedral muVladimir, Russian Museum yePetersburg, Tretyakov Gallery. Pane imwe nguva, mifananidzo yemifananidzo yakawanikwa, inofanana nemirairo yetsamba yemufananidzo wezvaizivikanwa, zvisinei, zvaisakwanisika kuziva chizivo chakakwana.

Ngatitangei mazita eArerei Rublev nemifananidzo uye nzvimbo:

• "Kushandurwa kwaIshe" (81x61 cm). Mhemberero yefestive mu iconostasis yeAkatunciation Cathedral.
• "Annunciation" (81x61 cm). Mhemberero yefestive mu iconostasis yeKremlin Annunciation Cathedral.
• "Muponesi Wamasimba Ose" (158x106 cm). The Tretyakov Gallery.
• "Utatu hweTestamende Yekare" (142х114 cm). The Tretyakov Gallery.
• "Mharidzo yaIshe" (81x61 cm). The Annunciation Cathedral, festive order.
• "Gabriel Mukuru" (189х89 cm). Utatu Cathedral yeZasimoni Imamatare.
• "Dmitry Solunsky" (189x80 cm). Utatu Cathedral yeSergiev Posad Lavra.
• "Krisimasi" (81x62 cm). Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Moscow Kremlin.
• "Muponesi muSimba" (18x16 cm). The Tretyakov Gallery.
• "Mukova weJerusarema" (80x62 cm). Mhemberero yefestive mu iconostasis yeAkatunciation Cathedral.
• "Kukwidzwa kwaShe" (125x92 cm). The Tretyakov Gallery.
• "St. John mubhabhatidzi" (315х105 cm). The Tretyakov Gallery.
• "St. Gregory theotokos" (314'106 cm). Cathedral of the Assumption muVladimir.
• "Kubva muGehena" (124õ94 cm). The Tretyakov Gallery.

Mifananidzo yaAndrei Rublev muRussia Museum

MuSt. Petersburg kune zvifananidzo zvinotevera:

• "Gabriel Mukuru" (317 x 128 cm);
• "Mupositora Andrew wekutanga-anonzi" (313'105 cm);
• "Annunciation" (125õ94 cm);
• "John Chrysostom the Prelate" (313х105 cm);
• "Ngirozi huru Michael" (314x128 cm).