Mineral fetiraiza. mupfudze chirimwa. Complex fetiraiza

Hakusi ivhu wose yakaorera zvakakwana kukura gohwo rakanaka. Help kuzadzisa Pamusana Muzviitiko zvakadaro nderokubatsira mhando dzose chicherwa fetiraiza. Navo pane vakawanda kudaro, nokuti zvakasiyana chirimwa akasiyana uye ivhu mhando. The musika izere zvinhu makambani makuru akadai "Meleuz Mineral fetiraiza", asi pane mukana makwikwi. Zvaunofanira kuziva pamusoro chigadzirwa ichi? Ndezvipi marudzi fetiraiza? How kutanga bhizimisi pamusoro gadzira ravo? Kukurira nyaya dzose idzi hadzisi zvakaoma kudaro.

Chii?

Kazhinji, fetiraiza muri munyu kuti ane zvaaida kukura chirimwa zvinhu. Ichi inorganic fuma, izvo zvakasimba kukanganisa zvemakemikari, mumuviri uye utachiona pezvakaitwa muvhu, achiishandura ayo solubility zvinovaka muviri uye kunatsiridza microbiological sezvamunoita. Plants kuburikidza midzi kuwana zvose zvakafanira zvinhu ichikura zvikuru kushingaira, zvichiita zvinonyatsorehwa negoho nourume minda kana Mafuro inowedzera zvikuru. Nemazvo kushandisa Somuenzaniso, kurimwa kambani "Balakovo Mineral fetiraiza", unogona kuzadzisa rakaisvonaka kushanda. Kuvandudza kwete chete negoho asiwo risanyatsobuda. Saka, kugadzira zvirimwa zvakawedzera kwesayenzi ehupfumi kuti faibha, shuga bhiti, michero uye muchero shuga kugutsikana kunowedzera, kunowedzera zviyo mapuroteni kugutsikana, uye sunflower - mafuta kugutsikana. mhuri Most kushandisa mumhuri namakemikari zvigadzirwa, akadai yakakurumbira Russian kambani "Voskresensk Mineral fetiraiza", uyewo shoma dzinongoitika munyu: potassium, yavaibvisa, kana Chilean, nitrate uye nemaindasitiri. Kuwanda zvinhu zvinoshandiswa imwe hectare nyika chakanyatsorongwa aidzora uye pakutsvaga nemirayiro.

Types uye chinangwa mupfudze

Nokuti zvinhu izvi, kune vazhinji classifications siyana. Saka, yakananga uye isina kunanga fetiraiza zvinogona chinozivikanwa agronomic rwendo. Wokutanga rine avo zvinhu kuti anodiwa kuti zvakananga chirimwa muviri (magnesium, yavaibvisa, mhangura uye phosphorus). Isina kunanga inoshandiswa kuvandudza mumuviri uye namakemikari zvivako ivhu uye yemanyorero zvinosanganisira gypsum.

Mukuwedzera, wokutanga mhando zvinogonawo mapoka mapoka maviri - kunzwisisa chicherwa fetiraiza uye yaitsigira divi. The yokupedzisira ine chimwe chete inotonhorera. Izvi zvinosanganisira Ammonium, calcium, yavaibvisa nitrate, urea, superphosphate, precipitate, potassium chloride, potassium munyu uye micronutrient fetiraiza. Complex fetiraiza ane vanoverengeka okunze. Izvi zvinosanganisira MAP uye nitrofos.

Kana chimiro yaakazosunungurwa, saka pane mhando nhatu dzataurwa kuberekesa. Saka, pane yakasimba, granular kana upfu fuma (semuenzaniso, nenzira dzakawanda zvose). Somuenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zvose zvakafanana kambani "Voskresensk Mineral fetiraiza". Chimwe chimiro vari emura vamiririri, semuenzaniso, amoniya mvura kana ammines.

Zvinotevera kupatsanura chinosiyanisa alkaline, kwazvakarerekera uye acidic fetiraiza. The Zvinoumba wokutanga siyana anions, ayo nyore wakafananidzwa miti uye cations izvo basified ivhu. Rokupedzisira chiito zvinopesana. Pakupedzisira, kwazvakarerekera hakuiti kukanganisa mamiriro ivhu mhinduro.

Raidiwa mune zvokurima

Kuvhiringidzwa mari idzi hunowedzera kuoneka kana ukashandisa Tech kurimwa tsika pamwe kugadzikana kudiridza, nekurangarira zvinodiwa kuti zvikuru ivhu uye chirimwa mhando, kushandisa makemikari yokuvirisa. Most yaiwanzoshandiswa fetiraiza muchirimo, kana unodyarwa. Mukuwedzera, angashandiswa vari kuwa. Extra simba miti inogona okuwedzera kudya panguva Mwaka wokukura. Kushandisa vanoteerera mhando kunovimbisa kunonyanyisa zvabuda. Ita fetiraiza anogona kuve dzakasiyana: nayo razbrosnoy kushandisa ndege kana vasimi, uye pamwe kondakita gejo, but kana murimi, uye nemakanzuru, mune matsime kana pemitsara. Liquid zvinhu anogona kubatwa mbeu pamberi kudyara nokuda soaking mune mhinduro kana pollinate.

Batsirwa kana kukuvadza?

Mune dzimwe nevhu kuoneka zvakakomba kuperevedza imwe maatomu akafanana. Chakagadzirwa zvichiita yakanaka nzira kuvandudza zvinhu. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti pane zvicherwa uye Organic fetiraiza, uye kana wekutanga uye kungava nengozi, yokupedzisira kune zvakatipoteredza chose isingakuvadzi. Saka, kana uri kutya mishonga, achishandisa zvakasikwa zvinhu zvakadai mupfudze, peat chikwindi kana mufudze. Kana zvakanaka zvikashandiswa, uye vane njodzi kuti zvinomera uye vanhu. Kukuvadza chete chinovapo kubva overabundance yavo. Saka, nevhu akapfuma peat kunova zvakare jikichira kuti zvirimwa uye mufudze anogona chete kupisa mizambiringa yakabva kumwe. Asi izvi hazvina chokuita utano kwevanhu. Pangozi chete chicherwa fetiraiza. Plant, asi kuwedzera kukura uye kuibvisa iri chirimwa anowanzoshandiswa nitrate uye urea. Izvi musanganiswa nitrate kubva nitric acid, zvinonyanya kukuvadza. Chokwadi chokuti senitrogen munyu vanobva miti mumuviri womunhu, akatendeuka kuva nitrite, izvo zvinogona kukonzera Kusvibisa uye kunyange kumutsa kenza. Saka, mune dzimwe nyika, kwakadai dzichifura hakubvumidzwi.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti miti panguva kukura?

Unogona gakava zvakawanda nezvengozi chicherwa fetiraiza, asi kunyange njodzi dzinongoitika zvinhu zvakawanda miti chete pashure pokuwa ari inorganic chimiro. Saka, mupfungwa, hazvina basa kuti chaiva chii kuti isa fotereza ivhu - manyowa kana nitrate. Kuti varege kurwadzisa zvirimwa zvavo, ndiko kunzwisisa kuti kungadiwa kudyara pazvidanho zvakasiyana-siyana ivepo uye kubudirira. Panguva mbeu kumera uye kukwira kuti paumbwe utachiona inflorescences zvikuru rwaidiwa senitrogen. Zvinonzi zvaidikanwa paumbwe chirimwa munyama, iyo inoshandiswa kuvaka zvinhu. Munguva pokumuka namabukira uye maruva anokosha kuti phosphorus zvinomera. Zvino miti vari kugadzirira chando, kufadza ukoshi anova potassium. Zvechokwadi, mune chero izvi nguva inodiwa uye nezvimwe zvinhu, uye kuparadzana akasiyana zvikamu kuparadzwa chete senitrogen kana phosphorus hazviiti lifecycle. Kunyange zvakadaro, vachiziva kuti peculiarity zvirimwa zvinenge vanogona zvikuru noungwaru kushandisa kupfeka.

Kana fetiraiza maturo?

Kwete nguva dzose nyika kushanda mamwe zvinhu zvinogona zvinozoita. Kunyange kana iwe kufungawo upenyu kutenderera chirimwa uye kushandisa zvikuru yakakodzera fetiraiza, mugumisiro anogona mwoyo iwe. Ndezvipi zvikanganiso rakajairika Chikwata kuita? Kakawanda, kushaya maturo nokuti chokuti fetiraiza chakaitwa pavhu rakaoma chaizvo. Chimwe chikanganiso ndiyo isiri nguva dzichifura. Vamwe vanhu havagoni zvakarurama rokuongorora chirimwa uye nemaziso sarudza zvakanaka zvinhu. Fetiraiza huratidzwe nenzira iri isina kuti kuitwa, kana akanyanya guru, kana Ukuwo kukwana. Pakupedzisira, kukohwa zvakaipa hazvigoni chokuita kupfeka. Plants vanongova kurwara yokupomerwa vakarwisa kana zvipembenene, mune zviitiko zvakadaro mamiriro hakugadziriswi chete mupfudze chete.

Tips kuti kushandisa makemikari

Pakushandisa chicherwa fetiraiza ndiko kubudirira, unofanira kutevera zvishomanana nhungamiro. Chokutanga, shandisa pfuma iri kunzwisisa, kwete kuedza ndigoisa Organic kana neimwe nzira, musanganiswa apedza kunozvitenga. Chechipiri, shandisa chero zvinoreva kuyera. Kunyange mupfudze chinoshanda kwemakore matatu pashure chete chikumbiro, kutaura chinhu pamusoro chicherwa fetiraiza! Chemistry mu risingaperi akawanda achauraya muti kana kuti varware yavo. Uye wechitatu, kusarudza kunzwisisa maturusi tarisa kuti zvokuti sezvamunoita avo micro- uye macronutrients. Yakanyatsokodzera zvokunwa kugadzirira "Giant" kana "Humistar", uyewo granular kana upfu "Agricola" kana "Orton".

A pfungwa yakanaka yaizova kushandisa yakawanda fetiraiza kupa ivhu yokuenzanisira kuti kuongorora murabhoritari. Ikoko musingazopandukiri chete nokukasira, chii zvinhu hazvina kukwana, asi kukubatsira kusarudza zvirimwa kuchawedzera zvaunoita zvakanakisisa. Kana kushayiwa dzakananga zvinhu kuti kuonekwa, shandisa fetiraiza iri nyaya, asi regai kushandisa nayo mwaka zvose. A nguva shoma zvaizova zvakakwana.

Kana uchida kugadzira musanganiswa dzokuzvikoshesa kureva zvimwe mitemo. Urea hauna pamwe Ammonium nitrate, nitrophosphate chero zvazvingava harifaniri kuvhenganiswa potassium chloride. wemisanganiswa kwakadaro havagoni chete kurasikirwa kwavo nyasha, asi kuti vawane ehupfumi dzinokuvadza.

Kuwedzera uwandu nomumwe akasiyana tsika. mubvunzo uyu anofanira kuva akajeka miti yose nokuti fetiraiza pamusoro ziso kunogona kuva nengozi zvose zvakatipoteredza uye kuti utano hwevanhu.

Pakupedzisira, mamiriro ekunze kunokoshawo. On noushamwari zuva fetiraiza takabatikana nokukurumidza uye nani. Kana mamiriro okunze ichi ndedzoupenyu refu, zvinotevera dzichifura inogona kuitwa vhiki. Asi pamazuva inotonhora zviri nani kumirira vaviri. Zvadaro uchakwanisa kudzivisa kuunganidza nitrates michero yenyu uye miriwo, uyewo kuwana zvakawanda kukohwa.

Nitrogen fetiraiza sezvo bhizimisi

Kare zvakanzi vaifungidzira kuti pagadzirwe nemakemikari akadaro anodiwa chete hombe zvebhizimisi, asi panguva zvinokwanisika kuvhura uye boka duku. Little fetiraiza chirimwa ane nani yakakwirira profitability uye rinobvumira wandei vakatsvaka-pashure zvokuwedzera. Modern midziyo zvakanakisisa kubudisa maduku batch podpitok kuti amoniya. Ndicho chikuru mbishi mashoko senitrogen fetiraiza. Pamberi fuma rinogadzirirwa panguva metallurgia mabhizimisi sechipo byproduct chemubhotoro. Panguva ino, amoniya rinobudiswa kubva tsvina mafuta. Ndokusaka, pasi Kuwanikwa, chirimwa fetiraiza kubva amoniya nani aiva pedyo nepakati mafuta achinatsa uye gasi mapaipi. Kutakura zvinhu zvinoda kushandiswa simbi matangi kwematangi. Kana daro kutakura diki, unogona kusika amoniya. High zvinoda dzinoitwa kuti yakatsvuka zvinhu okuchengetera. Izvi zvinoda kana Matangi kana aboveground.

Pamwaka kupatsanura pakati fetiraiza

Sarudza munhu akakodzera chishandiso kunogona uye nokubatsira pakarenda. Just Teererai chikamu senitrogen ari kuwedzerwa. Fetiraiza, sechikamu iyo kwayo inopfuura mishanu muzana, vari yakakodzera kushandiswa kubvira pakutanga wakasimwa kusvikira regumi namashanu July. Pashure musi, unofanira kusarudza mari ane senitrogen zviri zvishoma pane shanu muzana. zano iri rakakodzera nokuti kurimwa chero perennial zvishongo kana michero zvirimwa. Kana uri kukura muriwo pagore, uchada yakasiyana zano. Pano uwandu senitrogen hazvina zvakakodzera kufunga, sezvo zvirimwa izvi, chokwadi, gara chete ari kukura pachikuva, uye muitiro kugadzirira muchando haishandi kwavari. Kana musingadi kuronga kushandisa, uye zvibereko fetiraiza akadaro, uye uwandu midziyo haabvumiri kuti pave-siyana, funga zano iri uye kuti musanganiswa maererano mwaka. Saka haufaniri kubata nhumbi atengeswe havaratidzi.

Chii chiri zvakanakisisa?

Chinonyanya mukurumbira vaya senitrogen fetiraiza, mutengo chiri nyore zvose, uye mugumisiro riri kuoneka pasina zvikuru nesimba. Kwakadaro anoti nitrate, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuwedzera acidity ivhu. Munogonawo wakajairika Ammonium sulfate kubva senitrogen nesarufa, iyo anogadzirwa somunhu crystalline chena upfu, yellow kana rwepingi hues. Imwe zvakanakisisa fetiraiza, urea chiri kukurukurwa. It anogadzirwa muchimiro granules kana crystals diki. Huwandu senitrogen mairi inosvika makumi mana nezvishanu kubva muzana. Uyezve, senitrogen fetiraiza anosanganisirawo yavaibvisa uye calcium yakawanda nitrate, achibatsirwa iyo alkalization ivhu. Kugadzirwa chero mhando idzi podpitok ingangodaro pamanyorerwo basa duku, uye pane kudiwa zvigadzirwa izvi zvose.

amoniya mvura

Tinofanira kufunga yakachipa pashiri uye kwakapararira fetiraiza. Amoniya mvura hakurevi yakaoma hwokugadzira akavhiyiwa ayo kugadzirwa. Labor mari ndiwo usingashandi nekuti yose muitiro unogona kuva zvachose michini. The zvichiguma mvura yakakwirira zvikuru, saka kwokudiwa nokuti nguva dzose kugadzikana. fetiraiza Uyu 25 muzana mhinduro kubva amoniya mumvura. Its nani kunoratidzwa muna chokwadi kuti zvakakodzera chero rwevhu uye netsika dzose. kushandiswa zvakanaka amoniya mvura panguva pre-kurimwa zvokudya kurimwa zvinomera uye inokosha kubudiswa munyika. Achengetere chishandiso chinodiwa chinokosha simbi Matangi pamwe chisimbiso lids. The chete dambudziko iri kudiwa kushandisa michina chaiyo kutakura uye fetiraiza muvhu. Pasina murimi haagoni kushandisa amoniya mvura. Kunyange zvakadaro, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti michina yekurima kwakadaro zvakajairika, saka mhosva haringanzi kunzi zvakakura. Saka, kutanga bhizimisi kuti pagadzirwe fetiraiza vane amoniya mvura yakachengeteka zvachose uye mutengo-inobudirira. Uye kana chirimwa ndicharipira chete kwemakore maviri, mabasa akadaro angatanga kuti vaunze mari pamberi.

Kugadzirwa Organic fetiraiza

Kufukidza musika vakwanise, unogona zvakare kuwana pamusoro vatsigiri dzinongoitika ingredients. In kufanana pagadzirwe kwemakemikari fetiraiza achavarwisa vermicompost. bhajeti iri mari kurimwa mutsetse uri kumbonyanya nyore kuti asimbise. Unofanira earthworms uye makemikari tsvina. Organic, zvishandiswezve saka vaiona chaizvo nokuti ivhu uye kwakakurumbira pakati paavo vasingagamuchiri kushandisa makemikari. Kana unogona kumisa zvakanaka yokutengesa mabasa uye kuti vazivise pamusoro motokari yavo vaifanira nhamba yemakambani vatengi, kwokudiwa yakakwirira zvakakwana, nekuti vermicompost - itsva fetiraiza, zvisingagone kukundikana ndirumbidzwe. Uyezve, basa iri richabatsira kuti pave nevanhu varimi. Iwe achakupaiwo navo zvigadzirwa zvavo, uye ivo achapa makemikari dongo, akadai tsuro nhoko, izvo zvichaita dzinoona makonye kuti inotevera batch mangé zvinhu.