Mochalov Pavel Stepanovich, mutambi mały Theater: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Pavel Stepanovich Mochalov, ane Biography inyaya pakudzokorora uku, ndicho chikamu chikuru mumiririri Romantic kufamba ari Russian yemitambo uri yokutanga yezana remakore rechi19. okugadzira zvinhu ake uye unyanzvi yokuberekwazve akaita simba mwoyo vaairarama uye zvikuru vakatsunga kukura Romantic kufamba ari yamunenge nguva.

Biography

Mochalov Pavel Stepanovich akaberekerwa mumhuri serfs vemifananidzo muMoscow muna 1800. Vabereki vake muchinangwa musha yemitambo Demidov, ipapo baba vake vakatanga kutaura Moscow yemitambo, kuti troupe iyo pashure dzimwe nguva vakabatana boka Imperial Theaters. Zvapedzisira ezvinhu vakabatsira ndechokuti mhuri rakatengwa panze uye akasimuka rusununguko ake pashure pemakore matanhatu. The ramangwana nomukurumbira mutambi dzidzo yakanaka, kudzidza muchikoro voga, akadzidzawo French. Kubva pauduku aiva ndangariro dzakanaka. Maererano netsamba mwanasikana wake, Mochalov Pavel Stepanovich imwe nguva kudzidza Moscow University, asi mazita evadzidzi muzita rake haana kuwanikwa.

Early basa

Akatanga kutamba kubva 1817 mu yemitambo musi Moss, asi zvino zvakava zvachose mamiriro ezvinhu pavaipfuura mały Theater. Mugumo 1830 rakanga inokosha muupenyu ane mutambi, nekuti panguva ino aitambisa korona yake basa Hamlet, kukosha yaiva immortalized V. G. Belinsky, yake yakakurumbira nyaya pamusoro kuongorora mutambo Artist. Asi nemakore 1840s, Mochalov Pavel Stepanovich akazviratidza hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo nokuda nokuchinja mirayiridzo tsika. In panzvimbo Romanticism akauya realism, umo zvechivhurumukira mupfungwa mutambo wacho mutambi aiva panzvimbo. Actor akafa muna 1848 kubva nechando muMoscow.

Features

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti maruva Danho mutambi mabasa kwakaitika nguva romanticism. Maererano vatungamirire mutambi uye vakavaka mutambo. Mochalov Pavel Stepanovich akavaka mutambo wake kusiyanisa, izvo zvakaita kuti vateereri ari mupfungwa mafaro. Akasika munhu unopinza achichinja kubva chisimba mupfungwa kupopota kune inonzi "maminitsi mochalovskih", pazviri payakakurudzirwa kuvhiringidzwa, uye ipapo zvakare akatanga kutaura mitsetse ake, chii chakaita vateereri raptures saka kamwe uye kuyevedza chinja. Mochalov Pavel Stepanovich airidza kunyanya kudanana repertoire, kunyange pakutanga kwake basa, akabhadhara mutero classicism, kuridza akawanda soMupi matambudziko ekare.

yemifananidzo

Artist akasikwa pachikuva dzinoverengeka vatambi chete, vanopandukira pachisikigo, vanoramba vanhu uye kuzvidza mumagariro uye tsika zvakaipa. Mochalov (imwe mutambi) mudzidziso pachikuva vanhu vane simba vatambi uye kuchiva. Somuenzaniso, airidza Georges of Germaine pamusoro mutambo "Life Player", iro akaratidza murume akapedza upenyu hwake hwose ari mutambo. unhu ichi wefodya chose nayo uye asingachagoni kurega. Akabva airidza Hamlet kokutanga, asi saka kure haana kubudirira yakunda kuchauya kwaari gumi. Zvisinei, panguva ino achidonongodza dzinokosha ake nokuita: bongozozo mufananidzo, kutsutsumwa, kushorwa gamba nokusaruramisira, nhema uye kunyengera. Maererano netsamba vakararama panguva, Pavel Stepanovich Mochalov (1800-1848) akadudzira zvifananidzo ake uye mabasa kuenderana pavo nevakwegura, unhu hwake.

Pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu

Anokosha uye yakanaka mutambi vaiona basa basa Shakespeare kwakaita Hamlet mune shanduro itsva ne NA Field. mufananidzo Izvi inopindirana zvizere nenhungamiro imwe rokusika mutambi uye zvivako, uyewo ake nevakwegura, unhu. Uyezve, ndiwo hunhu chakanakisisa akaratidza pakutanga vakapanduka, zvokuti mwoyo. basa iri, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nyaya nyaya chaiyo Belinsky. Maererano mutsoropodzi, Mochalov zvinoshamisa simba kunyora kunoshamisa nyaya yomuchinda Danish.

Zvinofanira vati kuti Little Theater rava nzvimbo, iyo vakarumbidza yokudhirowa. Mumwe wake basa rinokosha chaiva basa Chatsky. Chaiva chiitiko chaicho muupenyu tsika Moscow. Maererano netsamba vakararama panguva uye mutambi aitambisa hunhu uyu mupanduki oga, izvo akapikisa famusovskogo nzanga. Kwokupedzisira Mutsara Akataura kuzvidza, sokunge kumhura kuchinja madenderedzwa ari ano kwezvakatipoteredza.

mamwe mabasa

Basa the artist rakanga chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda, asi ivo kugovana rimwe tsika zvakafanana - ichi mufananidzo kusafara kutanga mukutaura kwokupandukira unhu, izvo mumwe inoshora yose muvanhu. Zviri mumweya ichi rinosanganisa Mochalov dzimwe iconic Shakespearean mifananidzo: Othello, Richard III, uye vamwe. Panguva iyi mapato mutambi aigona nokusingaperi kuratidza tarenda ravo uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda hunhu hunonyanya tenzi yokuberekwazve. Akafarira zvakare, uye vamwe vekare. Saka, wakazviratidza achinyepera kuva Dona Karlosa, ari protagonist ari kutamba pedyo Friedrich Schiller. Inopandukira mweya mabasa yakakurumbira munyori wemitambo uyewo zvichibvira chinja hunhu womufananidzo. Iyewo starred ari kutamba wakakurumbira zvikuru munyori "namakororo". Basa iri rine vanopandukira pachena hunhu, saka Mochalova kutaura akaita echimurenga ruzivo.

Okugadzira zvinhu zviri naizvozvo mwoyo nomukurumbira mutambi aitambisa Aleko kubudisa "vechiGypsy" ari kutamba, uyewo ari kutamba inobva nhetembo "The Tsime Bakhchisarai". Repertoire pamusoro apa zviri pachena kuti mutambi aifarira anonyanya uchidanana mabasa. Akachengeta nhau kuti aitoda kutamba vatungamirire basa mumutambo kuti Lermontov kuti "anoedzesera", asi nekuda ruzha uye ruzha mukurumbira, kunokonzerwa nomudzimu inopandukira, chokupika kumbotaurawo nzvimbo, haana kubvumira kusenza.

Zvikonzero kubudirira

Chakavanzika kuna tisaone kukurumbira pakati mutambi ndiko kukosha kwavo uye consonance nguva. Chokwadi chokuti Mochalov akagadzirisa zvarongwa kutamba zvinodiwa uye zvinotarisirwa nevanhu vezera rake denderedzwa. Muna 1820-1840-e makore vaiva fashoni pfungwa kwokupandukira munzanga kutsutsumwa pamusoro Russian chokwadi, saka pfungwa, pamwe kunyange ushingiwo kurwisa Mochalov asvika panzvimbo uye nguva vechidiki uye madenderedzwa vakadzidza. Actor, kunze tarenda, iye akanga ane chaizvo akakunda zvinodiwa voruzhinji, iyo kumirira kunoshamisa mufananidzo unhu simba. Mumwe mufananidzo womufananidzo Chokwadi, aitamba vomuzuva rake, nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana vanhu nevateereri chaizvo vakadzidza pachavo. setup izvi zvinoenderana zvikuru uye nevakwegura, unhu pamusoro Mochalov, vasingagoni kutamba vanhuwo kubva vazhinji yavo mudzimba nezvinovanetsa. Iye aifarira simba yakajeka unhu kushandurwa nguva dzose anowana vateereri yaro yokutanga yezana remakore rechi19. Little Theater kazhinji ndizvo zvinoyeukwa mumabhuku chokuita nebasa rake.