Mucolytics: urongwa hwezvinodhaka zvevana nevakuru

Mune zvirwere zvakanyanya kufema, tinowanzotarisana nechiitiko chisingafadzi sezvinokonzera. Zvinotyisa uye zvinotambudza, zvinoita kuti kufema kuome uye kunonyanya kuderedza hupenyu hwehupenyu. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti chiremba aone kuti chikwata chei murwere ane: chioma kana mvura. Rudzi rwekutanga runofungidzirwa risina zvibereko uye runoratidzwa nekuoma mukupfira. Kukanganiswa kwakanyanya kunonzi kunobereka uye kunopedza nguva yekudzorera murwere. Sezvo awana rudzi rwakanga rwakaoma rwekukanda mumurwere, vanachiremba vanowanzopa zvinodhaka izvo zvinoderedza zvakavanzika zvinonzi viscous mucous zvinowanikwa munhengo dzekupumisa. Pamusana pekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehutu huno, murwere anotambudzika nezvinetso nea sputum discharge kana expectoration.

Chii chiri mucolytics?

Kuti abatsire murwere ane chifufuro chakaoma, chiremba anowanzoraira mucolytics. Urongwa hwemishonga inowanikwa muboka iri hwakazara. Maererano netsika yekubatsira pamuviri womunhu, mishonga iyi inogona kugoverwa mumapoka matatu:

• Mucoregulating substances. Zvinoshandisa huwandu hwekuvharidzirwa kwepachivande. Iri boka rinosanganisira glucocorticosteroids, M-holinoblokatory uye carbocysteine.
• Mukokinetics mishonga inonyanya kushandura kukurumidza kuputika. Izvi zvinosanganisira ambroxol, bromhexine, nezvimwewo.
• Direct mucolytics. Izvi zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwehupfumi hwemukati kuburikidza nekuderedza kusvibisa kwayo. Mucolytics inosanganisira proteolytic enzyme, acetylcysteine, nezvimwewo.

Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzeputum liquefaction

Kana tikafunga nzira iyo maamolekemu e acid mucopolysaccharides emukatial secretion yomunhu anogona kuparadzwa pamwe nekubatsirwa kwegadziriro, nzira mbiri huru dzinogona kusiyaniswa: nzira ye enzyme uye iyo isiri-enzymatic pathway. Muchiitiko chekutanga, enzymes inoparadza mapuroteni mabhuni, uye mune imwe, disulfide bridges mu sputum molecules.

Urongwa hwehuwandu hunoshandiswa

Zvose izvi zvakagadzirirwa zvakabatana maererano nekuenzanisa kwemarudzi ose emishonga ATX kana ATS pasi pemutsetse R05CB "Mucolytics". Nhamba yezvinhu zvakasimba zvinoshandiswa zvinopawo mamwe mazita echifabheti uye nhamba dzezita:

• R05CB01 is acetylcysteine.
• R05CB02 ibromohexine.
• R05CB03 is carbocysteine.
• R05CB06 ambroxol.
• R05CB10 - kugadzirira nemubatanidzwa.
• R05CB13 - Dornase alfa (deoxyribonuclease).

Iye oga chiremba anosarudza kuti ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvekunyora kune mumwe murwere ndeyechiremba. Iyi kusarudzwa, anongoshanda chete pashure pokunyatsoongorora uye kutungamirirwa nemigumisiro yezvinoenderana nekuongorora. Ngatinyatsoongororai kuti imwe neimwe inoshandiswa inosanganiswa nevashambadziri muboka raR05CB rinoshanda sei.

Mucolytics ne acetylcysteine

Acetylcysteine inobudirira inobatsira phlegm yakaonda, uye naizvozvo yakabatanidzwa muchikwata chemucolytics. Urongwa hwekugadzirira nezvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira dzinosvika mazita maviri emishonga yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Acetylcysteine inoratidzwa nenzira dzinotevera dzekuita:

• Iyo ine mumamolekari ayo sulfhydryl mapoka emagadzirirwo emagetsi, ayo anoita zvinoparadza pane disulfide miviri ye mucopolysaccharides, nemhaka yekuti mucus inoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwemaoko. Somugumisiro, sputum inoderedzwa uye yakanyanyiswa kubva mumuviri nyore nyore.
• Izvi zvinoderedza basa uye kunoderedza nhamba yezvirwere zvepachigoni zviri mumucosa yemitezo yekufema.
• Iine zvinhu zve antioxidant. Sulfhydryl mapoka anobata nemasikirwo ehurukuro uye egijene metabolites uye anovabudisa kubva mumuviri. Nokudaro, acetylcysteine ine simba rinopesana nekuvhiringidza uye rinobudisa muviri kubva kune zvinhu zvinotapira, zvichiita kuti murwere ave nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa.

Kubva pamagadzirira ane as active substance acetylcysteine, zvinobvira kucherechedza:

• "Mukobene" - mapiritsi; 100, 200 kana 600 mg.
• "Mukomist" - sarudzo mumaboules, 20% yekushandiswa kwetipiki uye inhalation.
• "Mukonex" muchimiro chegranules, 0,1 g yegadziriro yetirasi.
• "Fluimucil" muchimiro chegranules, 100 uye 200 mg; Matafura ekuwana mvura yakakwana, 600 mg.
• "MABASA" nenzira yehwendefa yekugadzirira chirwere chemafizi - 100, 200, 600 mg; Injected for 300 mg / 3 ml in ampoules; Granules yekuwana mhinduro mukati, 100, 200 mg.
• "Acetylcysteine" mufomu yemafuta, 200 mg; Solution for injection, 10%; Kugadziriswa kwekushandiswa kwemashoko, 20%;
• "Acetin" - mahwendefa emukatikati, 100, 200, 600 mg; Matafura ekuwana mvura yakakwana, 200 uye 600 mg.

Acetylcysteine uye zvinodhaka pamwe chete nazvo zvinopesana nevana vari pasi pemakore maviri (uye vamwe kusvika pamakore 6), vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanokanganisa, vanhu vane zvirwere zvepachirwere chepachirwere mumutambo wakaoma. Ikoko kunogona kuva nemigumisiro muhutano hwemusoro, stomatitis, kugona uye ruzha munzeve, pane zvishoma zvishoma GI kushungurudzika, zvirwere, tachycardia. Acetylcysteine haikwanisi kudhakwa nemishonga inopikisa. Inowedzerawo kukanganisa kwe nitroglycerin uye inhibits kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Mucolytics ne bromhexine

Zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira ichi chinhu sechinhu chinoshingaira chinowanzogadziriswa kuti chikanganise, uye chakasimwa semuccolytics. Urongwa hwezvinodhaka hunopera kune zvishanu zvemishonga yemishonga. Kupinda mumuviri womunhu, bromheksin inotevera seyiyo:

• Inoderedza kutaridzika kwezvinyorwa zvebhononi kuburikidza nekudarika kwemucus polysaccharides;
• Inokurudzira bronchial mucosa masero, ayo akavhara polysaccharides yemaitiro asina kwaakarerekera;
• Inokurudzira kuumbwa kwesipfeti;
• Unogadzira an expectorant effect;
• Inhibits chikwama reflex.

Mucolytics, dzakanyorwa pasi apa, ine bromhexine sechinhu chikuru chinoshanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Solvyn - mukati mhinduro, 4 mg / 5 ml; Matafura ekushandisa mumuromo, 8 mg.
• "Bromhexine" muchimiro chemhinduro, 4 mg / 5 ml; Sirasi, 4 mg / 5 ml; Matafura, 8 mg.

Mucolytic zvinodhaka zvine bromhexine zvinopesana nevanhu vasingateereri chikamu ichi, uye vana kusvika pamakore matanhatu. Zvinogona kukonzera kusununguka, kuora musoro, kuwedzera kukurumidza, kuputika kweganda uye bronchospasm. Vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanokanganisa havawanzogadziriswa mishonga ne bromhexine.

Kugadzirira ne carbocysteine

Ichi chinodhaka chinowanikwawo muboka reMucolytics. Urongwa hwezvinodhaka ne carbocysteine hunosanganisira mazita gumi, asi ose ano ane mishonga imwecheteyo:

• Deredza zvinyorwa zvekusarerekera uye wedzera kubudiswa kwe acid acid glycopeptides, kuisa chimiro chavo;
• Deredza mararamiro ezvinyorwa uye kuronga kusununguka kweputi;
• Dzorerazve mucous membrane yezvikamu zvekupumadza uye kudzorera chimiro chayo chairo;
• Wedzera nzvimbo yakananga kupikisa lgA;
• Kuratidza kuti kusarudzwa kwema-sulfhydryl;
• Inobatsira basa re ciliary epithelium yebronchi.

Kakawanda, varwere vanorayirwa zvakadai mucolytics. Urongwa hwezvinodhaka uye magadziro ane carbocysteine anopiwa pasi apa:

• "Libexin Muko" muchimiro chesirasi, 50 mg / ml.
• "Mucodin" muchimiro chema capsules, 125 mg; Sirasi yevana 125 mg / 5 ml uye 250 mg / 5 ml.
• "Carbocysteine" yakafanana nesirasi 250 mg / 5 ml uye 125 mg / 5 ml (yevana); Capsules, 375 mg.
• "Fluviert" muchimiro chegranules kuti awane kusimiswa, 2.7 mg; Sirasi, 90 mg / l; Sirasi 2% (yevana) uye 5%.

Carbocysteine mucolytics, zvinodhaka uye mazvigadziriswa zvinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa hazvibviri kutorwa kana chirwere chichienda kune chikamu chikuru, pamwe chete nemakumbo, kusagadzikana kushanda kwechiropa, glomerulonephritis mune chimiro chakakomba, cystitis, pamuviri uye chikafu. Kugadzirira nenzira yekodhesi kunopesana nevana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri, uye nenzira yesirasi - kusvika kumakore maviri. Mucolytic zvinodhaka kubva mukukanganiswa zvakagadzirwa necarbocysteine zvinogona kukonzera kukanganiswa kwekudya uye zviratidzo zvese.

Mishonga ne ambroxol

Iyi mishonga ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa pakati pevarwere. Ambroxol ane zvinotevera pamumuviri womunhu:

• Inoderedza visikiti uye kuomerera kweputi;
• Inogadzirisa kupukunyuka kwemucheka kubva pamapfupa ekufema;
• Inobatsira basa re serous maseli ezvinyama zvinyoro zvebronchial mucosa;
• Inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwemakemikari anoparadza sarudzo ye polysaccharides ye sputum;
• Inokurudzira zvakasimba michina yakawanda yepamusoro;
• Inokurudzira basa re cilia yebronchi uye inovadzivirira kuti vasanamatire pamwe chete.

Nemhaka yekuvapo kwezvinhu izvi, Ambrokol akabatanidzwa muboka "Mucolytics". Urongwa hwezvinodhaka zvine chinhu ichi chakanyanyisa. Heano mishonga inowanzodiwa ne ambroxol:

• "Lazolvan" - mahwendefa ekuti resorption, 20 mg; Pastilles, 15 mg; Solution, 7.5 mg / ml; Sirasi 15 uye 30 mg / 5 ml; Mapiritsi, 30 mg.
• "Khaliksol" - muchimiro chesirasi, 30 mg / 10 ml uye mahwendefa, 30 mg.
• "Medox" - nenzira yakasviki, 15 mg / 5 ml uye mahwendefa, 30 mg.
• "Dorogmine" - nenzira yemadonhi okutumira mumuromo, 0.75% uye mahwendefa, 30 mg;
• "Suprima-kof" - mune mahwendefa, 30 mg.
• "Mukobron" mune mahwendefa, 30 mg.
• "Bronchovern madonhe" ndiyo mhinduro yekutungamira mukati, 7.5 mg / ml.
• "Ambrogen" - muchimiro chemapapirosi, 75 mg; Solution for injection, 7.5 mg / ml; Sirasi, 15 mg / 5 ml; Mapiritsi, 30 mg.
• "Ambrohexal" - muchimiro chema capsules, 75 mg; Solution for inhalation and ingestion, 7.5 mg / ml; Sirapiti 3 uye 6 mg / ml uye mahwendefa, 30 mg.
• "Ambroxol" - muchimiro chesirasi, 3 uye 6 mg / ml; Matafura, 30 mg uye capsules, 75 mg.
• "Ambrolap" - muchimiro che capsules, 75 mg; Sirasi, 15 mg / 5 ml; Matafura, 30 mg; Solution for internal administration and for inhalations, 7.5 mg / ml.
• "Ambrosan" - muchimiro chefurafura, 30 mg.
• "Ambrosol" - nenzira yakasviki 0,3 uye 0,6 g / 100 ml.
• "Remebroks" muchimiro chesirasi ye 30 mg / 5 ml.
• "Ambrotard 75" -mufananidzo we capsules, 75 mg.
• "Flavamed" - muchimiro chemhinduro yekugadzirisa mumuromo, 15 mg / 5 ml uye mahwendefa, 30 mg.
• "Bronchoval" - mahwendefa, 30 mg; Sirasi, 15 mg / 5 ml.

Zvichienderana nechimiro chekusunungurwa kwemishonga, pane zvinopesana nekutora mishonga pachikonzero che ambroxol. Kuzvinyima kwakadaro kune vana vari pasi pemakore maviri kunongoshanda chete kana muyero wezvinhu zvinoshanda hauiti kudarika 3 mg / ml, kazhinji sirasi kana sarudzo. Matafura haagoni kudhakwa nevarwere vasati vava nemakore matanhatu, capsules - kusvika kumakore gumi nemana. Uyewo, kana murwere ane kusagamuchirwa kune ambroxol, izvi zvinokanganisika hazvigoni kurongerwa. Pakati pemigumisiro yemishonga - chirwere chekudya, kuwedzera kukonzera kubva mumhino, kunetseka kubvongodza, kushandiswa kwemagetsi. Mune pamuviri, sekutonga, ambroxol haina kurongerwa mumutatu wekutanga, uye munguva inotevera-chete pane mazano echiremba.

Mucolytics pamwe chete pamwe chete

Iyi mishonga ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana mumabasa avo, izvo zvinoita kuti kuve nokunyengedza kwephlegm, saka ivo vakaiswa mumutauro we "Mucolytics". Nekukwiridzira kwakaoma, urongwa hwemishonga inorayirwa nachiremba kubva pane zvakarondedzerwa kare munyaya yacho inogona kuwedzerwa nemishonga inotevera:

• "Sinupret" inogadziriswa nezvikamu zvezvirimwa. Iine mumudzi wegentian, maruva e primrose uye mukuru, uswa sorrel uye verbena. Iyo mishonga iri mumhando yefurafura uye doro remhinduro. Izvo zvakaoma zvezvinhu zvinoshanda zvinokurudzira kubviswa kwekusviba kwechikwereti kubva kuchivi chemuviri uye chepamusoro chekufema. Mafomu maviri aya haafaniri kutorwa kune vana pasi pemakore ekuberekwa nemakore matanhatu uye vanhu vane urombo hwe lactase, pamwe chete kana pane zvinongororwa kune zvikamu zvemurapa.
• Rinicold Broncho mishonga ine zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa: ambroxol (15 mg), chlorphenamine (2 mg), phenylephrine (5 mg) uye guaifenesin (100 mg). Somugumisiro wekutora sirasi iyi, sputum viscosity mubronchi inopera , expectoration inoderedzwa, kuchema kuri kubviswa, kushungurudzika kwemaziso mumaziso uye mumhino kunoonekwa, edema nemaperemia emucheka mutsuko wepemiti inopera. Chirwere ichi chinopesana nemafungiro ekudengenyeka, atherosclerosis, hypertension, chirwere cheshuga, thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, yakavharwa rudzi rwe glaucoma, ulcer, prostate adenoma, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase insufficiency, pamuviri uye nguva yeactation, vana vane makore pasi pemakore matanhatu, kutarisana nezvikamu. Iwe haugoni kunwa sirasi iyi ne beta-adrenoblockers, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors uye nemishonga ine zvinhu zvakafanana zvinoshanda saRicicold Broncho.

Ribonuclease nokuda kwekurapa kukweva kwakakomba

Mucolytics inowanzorayirwa navanachiremba vane chifuva chakaoma, urongwa hwezvakaiswa pakutanga, inogona kuve yakabatanidzwa nemishonga inoshandiswa nemadzitateguru uye nguva yakaedzwa. Nzira yakakwana uye yemazuva ano yekubvisa zvinonzi viscous sputum munhengo dzokufema ndiko kushandiswa kwe ribonuclease kana dornase alpha. Ichi chinhu chigadzirwa chemagetsi, chimiro chechimiro chemhepo yevanhu, iyo inokonzera kukanganiswa kweDNA extracellular.

Muchiripo chomurwere ane cystic fibrosis, iyo inoratidzwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, kuunganidza sirivha yepululent ine high viscosity inoonekwa. Somugumisiro, basa rekufemerwa kwekunze kunovhiringidzwa nevarwere. Muchivande chepululent, yakawanda yeDNA yakashambadza yakawanikwa. Izvozvo zvikamu zvinosunungurwa kubva pakuora maitiro, zvichiumbwa senzira yekupindira yehutachiona, uye ine yakasvikidzika. Ribonuclease hydrolytically inokonzera DNA sputum uye, zvichiguma, masikiti anonyangadza.

Dornase alpha chikamu chekugadzirira "Pulmozim", iyo inowanikwa nenzira yegadziriro yekuputira. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakagadzirwa ndeye 2.5 mg / 2.5 ml. Ichi chinodhaka chinoshandiswa zvakabudirira mu cystic fibrosis, uyewo zvirwere zvisingaperi zvepapupa: chirwere chebronchiectatic, COPD, kuberekwa kunokonzerwa nevana, pneumonia, kuputika kwekufema kwema immunodeficiency.

Pulmozym ine zvishoma zvinopesana. Chirwere chacho hachifaniri kupiwa kuvakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanokanganisa, kana vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu. Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvechirwere ichi hazviwanzovi uye zvinogona kuratidza sechiremera lymphatic leukemia, aplastic anemia, epilepsy, migraine, conjunctivitis, disequilibrium, tachycardia, kusungwa kwemwoyo, bradycardia, pneumonia, bronchospasm, zvinetso zvekudya, allergic dermatitis, edincke's edema, zvinetso Kuberekwa uye kutakura, kurwadziwa kwepfupa, kushaya simba.

Yakaitwa nokukurumidza uye yakarurama

Muchikamu chino mubvunzo wacho waiongororwa: "Ndeapi magadzirira ari mucolytics?" Nyaya yemishonga yakawanda yeboka iri yakatumidzwa. Inofanira kunge yakanyatsotsanangurwa kuti chinangwa chechirwere, chiyero chayo, uyewo mazano ehuwandu hwemazuva ekurapa uye kukwanisa kubvisa chirwere ichi neanorogo nyaya dzine ruzivo rwechiremba wezvechiremba mushure mekunyatsoongorora chirwere. Kuzvipa mishonga mumamiriro ezvinhu aya hakusi kungobereka chete, asiwo kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro isingatarisirwi: kubva pamigumisiro yemishonga kusvika mukukura kwezvirwere zvisingaperi. Saka, kana iwe une zvirwere zvekurwara, usanonoka kushanya kwachiremba. Iva noutano!