Mukuru gasi Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia": anorimwa

Russia uye China vava pedyo ishamwari mumunda youpfumi uye dzakawanda munhandare. Between inoti zviri chinzvimbo chibvumirano tichitarisa pamwe mune zvemabhizimisi. Kune vaya zvinosanganisira gasi wedzerai chibvumirano muna China yebhuruu mafuta kuburikidza mutsetse "Simba kweSiberia."

Ndezvipi zvinoshamisa zvine chokuita basa iri? Chii zano chawakaronga chokuendesa gasi kubva kuRussia China?

Basic ruzivo pamusoro chirongwa

Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" raizoitirwa China kubva Yakutia. The pakukura guta, iyo achapfuura - Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk uye Vladivostok. The "Simba kweSiberia" - pakati soro kukoshesa kuti "Gazprom". The runoenzanirana basa zvichabviswa zvose wokuRussia uye Chinese divi. The Mapaipi achabatanidza chinotsva kuparadzira wemuTesitamende Irkutsk uye Yakutsk nzvimbo negasi kugadzirwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zita chirongwa - "The Power kweSiberia" - kuti Russian Federation pakutsvaga migumisiro nemakwikwi.

Zvinofungirwa kuti chikamu chekutanga Mapaipi - kubva Yakutia kusvikira Khabarovsk, uye ipapo Vladivostok - achapiwa basa pakazopera 2017. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti nzira yacho gasi yedzimudzangara Mapaipi achaenda munzira mafuta Mapaipi kubva Eastern Siberia kusvika Pacific Coast divi. Izvi zvichaita kuderedza mari kuvakwa zvakakodzera chirongwa kwezvivako uye simba zvitengeswa.

Features uye Mapaipi redunhu

The "Simba kweSiberia" inosanganisira kuvakwa gasi hutachiwana mutsetse vanenge 4 zviuru. Km. It ichashandiswa kuti goho dzinongoitika gasi, sezvataona apa, kubva kugadzirwa maviri nzvimbo - Irkutsk uye Yakutsk, yakananga Khabarovsk. Zvinotarisirwa kuti Mapaipi achava tide simba zvoupfumi kwete chete kuFar East, asiwo yokuAsia chikamu Russian Federation yose. Izvi zvichava zvinogoneka kwete chete nokuda dzakakwirira yakananga zveminda uye chidzoke mabasa ari gasi kugadzirwa uye zvokufambisa makambani, asiwo nemhaka kuwedzera padanho gasification dzomumisha uye, somugumisiro, mikana kushanda kugadzirwa itsva. azvaiitwa richatsikwa mberi dzinovhurika nokuda bhajeti rutsigiro, zvikurukuru, akapa pasi kukura chirongwa gasi romugove ari Primorsky Territory.

Map Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" riri sezvinotevera.

Tinoona kuti zano racho rinotarisirwa kufukidza yakakura. Zvichava dzinonakidza kuongorora upfumi yezvinoreva chirongwa.

upfumi pakafunuka

Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" - pakati kupfuura chirongwa munhoroondo zvoupfumi weRussia ano. Sezvatinoziva, hombe gasi chibvumirano, zvichiguma "Gazprom" aiva nomukana kupinda pamusika itsva iyo kunoratidzwa chihombe zvinogona yakanga yakasainwa pakati Russia uye China. Maererano nokumwe kufungidzira, Russia achanunura kuna China anenge mumwe tiririyoni cubic metres negasi akasanganiswa inenge $ 400 billion. Enzanisa reRussia GDP pana PPP anenge 3.5 matiririyoni emadhora. Zvinozivikanwa kuti counterparty kuti "Gazprom", kuti China National Petroleum Corporation, achaita kukura inenge $ 25 mabhiriyoni pamberi mafuta rive ichatanga. The zvinofungidzirwa inokwana gasi Mapaipi - anenge mabhiriyoni 38 cubic metres negasi pagore. zvokufambisa rinochiwedzera kuchinyanya zvakafanana paakati ichi zvasvika Sezvaitarisirwa kwemakore 5 kubvira pakutanga wokutanga kupiwa.

Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, kuti Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" chichakurukurwa kwakaratidzwa pagungano zvizere tichikwanisa ne 2024. Zvino makambani Russian munyaya vachigadzira dzaiitwa zvokuvaka, uyewo zvichiita anodiwa zvinhu uye midziyo. Zvinotarisirwa kuti munguva 2015 nzvimbo achaiswa 500-600 thous. Matani michina. Uyewo 2015 zvinonzi kutarisirwa kutanga kuvaka wokutanga gasi hutachiwana Mapaipi.

Kusaina chesungano

The chibvumirano pakati Russia uye China nokuda nerubatsiro huni dzinonzi kumabvazuva nzira yakanga yakasainwa musi 13 October 2014 pachiyero hurumende vose. Maererano chibvumirano isu akataura ezvinhu anokosha nokuda pakudyidzana pakati Russia uye China pamusoro chikamu chirongwa, kusanganisira mune zvatinoita design, kuvakwa uye nokushanda muchinjikwa pamuganhu nzvimbo Mapaipi. Kuvaka Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" hwakatamisirwa kukwanisa Mapoka maviri - the Russian "Gazprom" uye CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation).

Kusaina chesungano pakati Russia uye China pakuvaka mutsara pasi kufunga akabvumira nyika yedu kuti kuvimba diversification pakati nerubatsiro negasi. Zvino, maererano vaongorori, dzinogona kurondwa kumuremera kuvimba Russian gasi ekisipoti rokutengesa kuna Europe. Uyezve, nokuda enyika kusiyana pakati Russia uye West zvinogona kuoma pamwe pakuzadzisa pakudyidzana iri rakakodzera negwara. Nokudaro, reorientation negasi kunze kwenyika kusvikira China - danho kune zvikuru-inodiwa diversification kuti zvitengeswa. China - iri kukura musika ane dzakabudirira indasitiri, izvo nguva dzose vanoda yakawanda negasi. Russian Federation - mumwe shoma bhizimisi vari vakagadzirira kutengesa gasi kuna China akatsiga oornag.

Resources gasi

Saka, mashoko Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" achanunura kuna China chinotsva zvinoberekwa Irkutsk uye Yakutsk nzvimbo. Panyaya wokutanga zvekuvaka, Zvinotarisirwa gasi kurimwa panguva Kovykta munda. Mumatanda peturu mairi zvinofungidzirwa kuti anenge 1.5 tiririyoni cm. Panyaya Yakut nechepakati kugadzirwa uchaenda Chayandinskoye munda. reserves Its vanenge 1,2 tcm.

Zvakakurukurwa rokuvaka gasi Mapaipi

Saka, tinoona kuti simba uye kwakapararira iri kusanganisira ari chikamu zita, "The Power kweSiberia" - gasi Mapaipi. Anovaka here? Ndiani vakawanda Muvaki nokuda Implementation iyi dzakawanda chirongwa?

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti mukuru Contractors Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" zvinobatanidzwa kungava kwete. Kanenge mune zvenhau vakapararira maonero ichi. Zvinofungirwa kuti kuvaka gasi Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" Contractors zvichaparadzwa anomiririrwa masangano madiki. Mupfungwa iyi, "Gazprom", sezvataurwa nevamwe vaongorori, akachinja ake nzira - asati Russian gasi dzesangano achiri vakasarudza kutungamirira naye. Kana basa akadai, sezvo Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia", ivo Contractors achaita mabasa vemo.

The chinyakare Zano

The Tsika Zano kwaiitwa "Gazprom", kuparadzira zvibvumirano vaifungidzira huru mijenya, kuti vagara vandifungira kutungamirira sangano, iyo mubasa rokuvaka yakagadzirwa muchikamu. Somuenzaniso, kwezvivako ari "South Stream" risati redirected kuna Turkey, aitarisira dzesangano "Stroygazmontazh". chikamu The European kuti "South Stream" kwaiva kuvaka kambani "Stroytransgaz". Zvadaro, basa racho "North Stream" rakatangwa vachitungamirirwa boka "Stroygazconsulting".

zvirango chikonzero

Akagadzikana zano, vaongorori vanoti, harisi chaizvo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mune ano ezvinhu, kana zvirango vakanga zvavakatemerwa nekuda wokuRussia Federation kubva Western kunyika. Chokwadi kuti makambani aya Russian akasvikawo pasi pavo, kuitira kuti havagoni kutenga dzimwe mhando kwaida michina. Kunyanya, nomupedzachose michina uye nomoto enyika akadai CRC-Evance, anogadzirwa muUnited States.

chokuratidza inopikira

Imwe shanduro, vachitsanangura amboshandurirwa "Gazprom" ayo negwaro iri Contractors ndechokuti pasi kudaro pamwero mukuru mapurojekiti, inova Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia", Russian tsika zvinodiwa kumahombekombe inopikira. Difficulties naavo ave "Gazprom". Chokwadi chokuti Kudeuka gasi kambani Russia ari weboka 2015 vanofanira kutamira ayo chikwereti munguva sezvakarayirwa bhiriyoni 174,3 rubles. chikwereti ichi haisi runoonekwa vaongorori sezvo chikuru "Gazprom", asi zvino hatigoni kukwezva zvikwereti refu nyaya kwemari vanodzishayiwa.

Pane zvinoratidza kuti kuvakwa Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" rose ichaparadzwa nokukwezvwa 15 yemakambani. Pakati pavo, panguva imwe chete pane kambani "Stroytransgaz". Pakati pezvimwe makambani izvo "Gazprom" anogona kupinda zvibvumirano - EVRAKOR, "Argus Special Installation", "Irkutskneftegazstroy", "SpetsMontazhProekt".

The zvinofungidzirwa mari nokuda kweDzimba "Simba kweSiberia" - anenge mabhiriyoni 770 rubles .. Izvi, kunyanya, kuti upfumi of Zimbabwe Sakha zvichava mari inenge mabhiriyoni 283. Kwiza nechekuzasi.

kunyatsoongorora basa

Saka, takadzidza inokosha zvoupfumi zviratidzi nechirongwa. Tine mepu yacho Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia" Pakataurwawo kuongororwa. Ndezvipi kunyatsoongorora kuMudzidzisi gwaro tarisiro munhau Russian vanoongorora?

Kazhinji, nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti "Simba kweSiberia" - muenzaniso vakabudirira dzomunyika kudyidzana. Chokwadi chokuti Mapaipi aifanira zvakafanana kuzvinhu zvose Russia uye China. Mune zvematongerwo enyika akapoteredza chirongwa, sezvo vaongorori vanodavira, ave mberi akasimbisa kubatana pakati penyika mbiri.

The zvoupfumi zvazviri vanofungidzirwa nenyanzvi chete akanaka. Revenue Gazprom romugove peturu, sezvataona kumusoro, achava pamusoro $ 400 billion. Chinokosha wedzera kuti zvoupfumi yeRussian Federation achagamuchira unoenderana kumatunhu - zvose maererano mari, uye iri maererano kuvaka kwezvivako zvitsva, kusanganisira maindasitiri.

Pane shanduro huru vatengi negasi munyika svikiro izwi achava China uye India. "Simba kweSiberia" - basa izvo, mupfungwa iyi, rinoshanda zvizere maererano kuwirirana pamwe pose ezvoupfumi kuitika. Maererano nokumwe kufungidzira, muna 2020 simba rinomutsa negasi kudyiwa mu China kuchasvika anenge mabhiriyoni 420. Cubic metres.

Russia uye China dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro gasi zvokushandisa, ndashama mikana rokuwedzera kudyidzana mune pamuganhu munharaunda. Nokuda kuvapo Russian Federation of kwezvivako zvitsva anogona zvinobudirira kuva itsva dzinongoitika deposits, izvo vakapfuma Siberia uye kuFar East. Pane mikana maererano imupota kuzvitsinhanisa, kuwedzera bhuku maindasitiri kugadzira mudunhu.

Kuvaka Mapaipi "Simba kweSiberia", iri kutarisirwa kuti zvakanaka chikonzero kukura kweSiberia uye East Far nedunhu rose, kusanganisira magariro divi. Vagari kurarama kuMudzidzisi dzeRussia vachawana mikana mitsva basa, zvebhizimisi, dzidzo.

Achinyengetedzazve mari

Kukura upfumi kweSiberia uye kuFar East achasarudza sezvo kutarisirwa vaongorori, kukura investor kufarira kumatunhu aya. Panguva iyoyowo nayo anotarisira kuti kundima avo vari kuita mabasa vanamuzvinabhizimisi kubva China, riri pedyo kwazvo, asi dzimwe nyika kwete chete - zvikurukuru, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore. Tinotarisira chinokosha reorientation pakati kukoshesa zvezvipfuwo makambani. Vakawanda vavo zvino paakapiwa mu mhiri kwemakungwa mabasa, uye zvinokwanisika kuti ravo guru vachazozvidzidzisawo kutungamirirwa upfumi kweSiberia uye Russian Far East. Izvi zvinogonawo kubatsira uye zvirango mitemo kushandiswawo makambani Russian.