General mashoko uye kupatsanura pakati rachulis

Zvinenge chero mashandiro ari yazvino iri pamwe kana zvachose rinoumbwa pakubhadhara akasiyana transmissions. Kazhinji, asi inofamba yedzimudzangara mano anoshandiswa chaizvo toothed zvinhu kinematic zano. Nyaya ino vachange exhaustively akaongorora kupatsanura pakati rachulis. siyana avo features, tozotaura.

tsananguro

Saka, kubva waishandiswa nemaonero ndiyo giya mashandiro iyo inoshanda wokushandura majana kubva nomubato mumwe, uye kuchinja nokukurumidza Via njanji uye mavhiri.

Kupatsanura rachulis rinoti kuti giya iri nomubato transmits vachishandisa kutenderera, akadana hondo, uye mugamuchiri kutenderera - chichisairirwa. Uyewo, kuti chinhu ine mbiri kukura zviduku, akadana giya, uye kuti guru - vhiri.

kukura

Gears, kupatsanura, dzinokosha parameters uye zvinhu izvo uchava kunzi pazasi, zviri musoro vaiona rakajairika zvinoriumba mune zvokuimba engineering nemamwe maindasitiri. Izvi mukuru kudiwa nokuda mukana kupararira Via simba siyana kubva nezvegumi shoma mishoma makumi ezviuru kilowatts. Saka circumferential kumhanya kutenderera kungava kusvika 150 m / s, uye ratios siyana mazana kusvika zviuru. The dhayamita Makumbo pachavo pakati iverengwe millimeters (dzimwe nguva kunyange nhengo dzavo) kuti mamita matanhatu kana kupfuura.

Kusiyanisa

Zita uye kupatsanura pakati gearing inopa dzavo kumwedzi zvinotevera chikonzero:

1. Kubva nzvimbo vhiri zvokubatisa iri nzvimbo:

• pamwe inofambirana namasanhu (cylindrical hutachiwana);
• pamwe intersecting namasanhu (bevel rachulis);
• pamwe vayambuka namatemo (uye honye sikuruwa hutachiwana).

2. Maererano mhando hama kutenderera Makumbo nzvimbo kwemeno:

• pamwe kwokunze giya (mavhiri tenderera mu wakatarisana mirayiridzo hama mumwe);
• chinhu womukati giya (majana ose engoro ndiyo nzira imwe).

3. Maumbirwe Profile:

• involute meno;
• cycloid;
• pamwe novikov gearing.

4. Kubva nzvimbo yokungotaura zino mutsetse:

• Atevere vhiri;
• helical;
• paHebhuroni;
• Sikuruu (pamwe dzeraundi zino).

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nepryamozubye Kupfuudzwa vane yakakwirira kumeso basa ravo, ivo ndoda kusakara uye ruzha zvichienzaniswa atevere rachulis.

5. Pakuurayiwa circumferential nokukurumidza:

• yakaderera-nokukurumidza yedzimudzangara (asingasviki 3 m / s);
• Svikiro nokukurumidza (3 m / S 15 m / s);
• soro-nokukurumidza (pamusoro 15 m / s).

Gradation nokushandisa

Kupatsanura pakati rachulis mu mashandiro zvinopa kuti weboka vavo:

• Kinematic (kuverenga) hutachiwana. Vari kureva zvakasiyana-siyana mano, countable-nekugadzirisa zvigadziriswe. Mukuru zvaanotaura anotamisa dzakadaro - zvaidiwa soro kinematic zvakarurama, kuti ndiye, inofanira kuva coherence zvakajeka Kutenderera pamakona sezvo tenzi uye muranda vhiri.
• High-nokukurumidza yedzimudzangara inoshandiswa gearboxes turbomachinery mumabhokisi motokari transmissions. Zvinodiwa: kufadza zvinoita kumeso kushanda.
• Power Kupfuudzwa iri kuvhiyiwa Crane uye rinopfungaira zvigadziriswe. Vanoshanda yakaderera aimhanya, asi panguva imwe chete kubudisa runoshamisa torque. The huru zvinodiwa kuti transmissions iri mhando, - pedyo kuonana mazino, izvo interconnected mu conjugation.

mamwe zvinodiwa

Kupatsanura pakati rachulis kuti dzinovaka design inorangarira kuti vanogona kuva akazaruka uye Akanyatsovharwa. Open hutachiwana inogona kushanda pamwe kana pasina lubrication (zvisingawanzoitiki), kana zvimwe kubatwa chaiyo girisi lubricants.

Closed-redunhu terevhizheni, akavapindurawo, lubricated nokuda kunyudza mazino ari mafuta chaiyo, iyo mafashamo dzimba (kunyudza lubrication). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rinopa centralized romugove mamiriro ari crankcase. Panyaya iyi noukama aibuda kugadziridzwa rinoitwa pachishandiswa anokosha inductors.

Zvichienderana sei rotational nokukurumidza, kuti rachulis akakamurwa:

• richikwidibira (anonziwo reducers). In mapurogiramu aya ari giya reshiyo mukuru kana kuenzana mumwe.
• Multipliers - giya reshiyo asingasviki chete.

Panzira, kuti giya ratios zvose yechigarire uye stepwise chinjika nokutamira mavhiri zvakananga nomubato (eg gearbox).

hwakanaka

Kupatsanura pakati rachulis vachava kukwana kana kwete kufunga dhigirii dzavo. Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando rachulis vanoonekwa ne:

• Processability.
• Kutsungirira reshiyo.
• High kutakura (kusvika 50,000 KW).
• Chaizvo kunyatsoshanda (kusvika 0.99).
• Small uchitikurudzira miganhu zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe transmissions nenguva ezvinhu.
• High akavimbika panguva oparesheni.
• Kuderedza nazvo.
• mitoro zviduku pamusoro mabheyaringi uye miseve.

kunaka unhu

Kana zvazvakashatira rachulis, ipapo mumwe wavo ngapaonekwe;

• Kushaikwa mukana kushandura giya reshiyo dzose.
• kugadzira kugadzwa kururama zvinofanira kuva pane mukuru pamwero.
• The panowanikwa ruzha panguva kumhanya.
• Murombo damping ehupfumi.
• Mikuru kana namasanhu ari rinosundwa uye achidzinga miseve anoyevedza kure.
• Kucheka mazino kunoda chaiyo zvokushandisa uye zvokushandisa.
• Nekusagona kudzikamisa simba mitoro yakafanira kune mukuru nekuomarara.
• Kushaya vakachengeteka zvinhu. The giya chitima anokwanisa kudzivirira mumuchina kana mashandiro pamusoro overloading.

Uyewo Gears (zvakanakira nekuipira, kupatsanura uye mhando wainyatsotaura pamusoro) safunga Kushandisa mazino avo, zvichiguma mawa nokushanda asina kupfuura mbiri mazino nerimwe engoro, vari pavanoparidza.

The deformation vhiri mazino

pamasikiro kwakakodzera uye nokushanda giya kunoratidzwa pasina simba ruzha uye overheating panguva nokushanda. Kana vaviri izvi zvinodiwa vachiri kusabvumirana, zvinogona zvakanaka kutungamirira kuparadzwa vhiri mazino. Kupatsanura pakati rachulis kuti operative chinangwa kunoitawo pachavo zvinhu zvayo kwemashoko basa, asi vakawanda marudzi kukuvara mazino ndeinotevera:

• Plastic deformation basa hukawanika.
• Breakage.
• Jamming.
• Wear.
• Chipping.

Muzviitiko apo mazino dzinopaza rinowanzoberekera kwete chete hutachiwana kukundikana, asi kukuvadza kune siyana chokuita dzakabatana, zvikamu (semuenzaniso, akaparadza mabheyaringi, miseve). Izvi imhaka wedging chiito akavhuniwa zvidimbu.

Kazhinji, mazino apwanyika pamusana "kuneta" zvavo, izvo hunoratidzika migumisiro chidzoke uye kufambira mberi makatsemuka. Izvi mhando kukuvadzwa kuri zvinowanzoitika kuti Akanyatsovharwa rachulis.

Abrasion mazino kakawanda kuchengetwa akazaruka rachulis, nokuda kupinda ari kuroorana mapazi-siyana simbi nezvimedu, tsvina, guruva (abrasion). Uyewo, chikonzero chingava murombo lubrication, saka kubva kwakadai yabvaruka havasi insured, uye namahwindo-redunhu terevhizheni.

makumbo Manufacturing

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti rachulis, zvakanakira nekuipira, kupatsanura izvo kunobva zvavo zviripo uye mumuviri zvivako, ndivo yakagadzirwa Kwakashandiswa micheka.

Zvinowanzoshandiswa uchidzidzira uri:

• Carbon simbi zvavo yepamusoro (St6, St5).
• simbi High-mugiredhi.
• Yakapambadzirwa steels.
• Gray akakanda simbi uye high quality.
• Vamwe asiri esimbi zvinhu (bakelite, pcb).

Yainyanya kushandiswa hutachiwana rachulis zvakagadzirwa simbi, nokuda Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mubatanidzwa simba, akavimbika uye uremu. Izvi zvinhu rakanakira rinorema basa transmissions.

Uyewo, vachena kukandira simbi inoshandiswa nokuda vhiri achimhanya nguva nenguva uye nokunonoka akazaruka rachulis. Iron zvakanaka kuti mazino mavhiri kwakavakirwa hazvina zvokuita pamusoro lubrication uye tsime zvinoenderana mumwe nomumwe.

Plastic rachulis anobudiswa nokuti michina kuti zvinoda kunonyanyisa yakanyarara kushanda mukuru-nokukurumidza yedzimudzangara, hakufaniri yakakwirira nemazvo mukugadzira.

Kwoukukutu uye nokupisa kurapwa

Gears, kupatsanura, kushanda izvo dziri zvichienderana kutakura aifanira kupisa kurapwa.

The rachulis hwendarira conventionally mapoka mapoka maviri:

• Wheel ane neukukutu pazasi 350 HB mazino. Kwakadaro nechiidzo iri wakadenha nokuda normalize kana kuvandudza simbi. Pakarepo mazino vakatema pashure Kupisa kurapwa.
• Mavhiri, noukukutu kupfuura 350 HB. pokuoma Izvi zvinoita makemikari-chafariz nokuomesa: carburizing, nitriding, cyaniding, pamusoro kuomesa kushandisa yakakwirira maitikiro dzenzvimbo.

Lubrication pamusoro rachulis

Kupatsanura pakati rachulis pamusoro nzvimbo kwemeno vachava kukwana kana tisina kufunga lubrication pakati gearing. Roga, iro lubrication muitiro rinonyatsotarira achideredza mwero kusakara kwemeno, kupisa nounzenza uye duku hasha nezvimedu, unyatsoshandisa yose hutachiwana. Uchishandisa yepamusoro lubricants kunowedzera mavhiri kuramba jamming. In basa lubrication kungaita kuti mapurasitiki, mvura uye zvakasimba zvokuvakisa.

Girisi iri zvinowanzoshandiswa kuvhura zvirongwa, izvo anoshanda ane tembiricha kwete kupfuura 120 inegumi. mafuta Solid zvakare kushanda muna akazaruka rachulis, asi avo kushanda tembiricha kwazvo 100 Celsius. Chinonyanya dzakakurumbira imvura mafuta. The kukurumbira chikuru akagamuchirwa remafuta anonhuhwirira. Kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa noukama zvokuvakisa, vari kushandiswa bedzi chinokosha nguva nekuti mutengo wavo mukuru zvikuru.

Rokuti emura anonhuwirira dzinosanganisira:

• mafuta Industrial - tsamba I.
• Dzokushandisa hydraulic gadziriro - G.
• For rinorema-basa hutachiwana - T.
• Oil une Anti ngura, Anti oxidation, Anti vapfeke yokuvirisa, - P.
• Mafuta, usina chero yokuvirisa - A.

nguwani vhiri

Kupatsanura pakati bevel rachulis mune itsanangudzo musimboti ane zvinotevera chimiro:

• Wheel bevel giya pamwe ngaatarire meno.
• With tangential mazino.
• Kubva curved mazino.
• With tenderera mazino.
• Nerwonzi mazino ari involute chimiro.

Straight bevel rachulis kunowanzoitwa kushandiswa panze giya, asi zvinhu pamwe dzeraundi meno vanobatanidzwa giya.

Features uye mazita

Huru parameters dzinotsigirwa kupatsanura pakati rachulis, ndeinotevera:

• Number kwemeno - Z.
• Spacing: - a.
• Upamhi korona vhiri - b.
• TOUR Clearance - pamwe.
• Kukwirira mazino makumbo - Ha.
• Zino kukwirira - h.
• Nenamo dhayamita - d.
• The kwokutanga dhayamita - DW.
• The dhayamita of in kwemeno - Dr.
• The dhayamita of zino pamusoro - Da.

ZvaAtemisi rachulis

Gear mavhiri dzinoitwa pamusoro zvoga pemitsara. Izvi zvikuru kushandiswa Rwonzi rakakamurwa pfupi uye nzwisisika. Boka rokutanga inobatanidzwa kucheka chete uye kupedza rachulis. Wechipiri ane seti maturusi zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuti vanopa gadzira rakakwana rachulis. Mitsetse dzakadaro inoshandiswa semiautomatic michina giya kurapwa mberi akashongedzerwa vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa, uye vamwe kushandisa michina namano.

In kwesayenzi mavhiri kugadzirwa mitsetse pakati kugadzirwa michina kusanduka chokufambisa kutaurirana chinonyanya inowanzoshandiswa muchimiro bhandi uye cheni conveyors, uye chinjwa kutapurirana nezvingoro, iyo ichabvisa panowanikwa netsaona kana zvimwe zvikanganiso.