Anthracite (zvakaoma marasha): unhu uye kugadzirwa nzvimbo

Anthracite rudzi yepamusoro Zvisaririra marasha. It kunoratidzwa yakakwirira kwevari metamorphism (dhigirii zvokufonongonwa chicherwa uye STRUCTURAL kuchinja).

Sezvo mamwe marudzi migodhi, anthracite - marasha rakaumbwa pamusoro zvemakore kubva zvirimwa vasina okisijeni pasi muvhu akaturikidzana. Nokuti zvinokosha nguva zvakanga pasi dzinotsanagura coalification uye humification. Izvi zvakanga paumbwe akati fuma. Carbon akawana zita rayo kubva pamashoko international kabhoni - kabhoni. Chinhu yakavimbika chokwadi. Anthracite marasha ndiye Qualitative maonero. It Anonziwo nekabhunakeri.

Mamirire zviri anthracite

Muchiitiko ichi pane dzakawanda nzira. Kureva, kuvapo:

• zvine vatema kana dema uye ndachena musoro;
• mukuru Gloss;
• yakakwirira calorific simba;
• nouchapupu magetsi conductivity;
• mukuru kwoukukutu uye arambe achirema.

Zvinoumba nezvekugadzirwa Zvisaririra

Izvi inorangarira wandei kwendangariro. Anthracite achiumbwa imwe kuti. Akatanga kuumbwa peat, uye ipapo nemarasha mashava mhando. Uyezve, pasi vamwe vakapiwa Zvisaririra izvi munzvimbo imwe fuma. Kureva, muna marasha uye anthracite. Mukupera nyaya, kuchinja kubatana kuti graphite.

Manyepo anthracite (marasha) vari kudzika anenge 6 km. Places apo zvinhu kazhinji kuzvidzora mufananidzo data, dzinoratidzwa mhando majana ose goko. Kumboda kunozvikurudzira.

The deposits pakukura anthracite marasha Bheseni iri munharaunda Donetsk nharaunda.

Anthracite Coal: Product Feature

Muchiitiko chino, pane dzakananga nuances zhinji. Anthracite (muchiGiriki anthrakitis.) - ndiro manyowa Zvisaririra marasha. It ane yepamusoro mwero metamorphism. Kana kuonekwa nemaikorosikopu inoratidza kuti chirimwa anoramba asiri anosiyana. Anthracite - marasha ane dema ruvara, kazhinji ane grayish tinge. Dzimwe nguva inowanikwa kwayo ruvara uye mottled discolouration. It rinopa velvety dema mutsetse uri porcelain ndiro. Uyewo anthracite (marasha) kunoratidzwa yakasimba esimbi kubwinya. It ane matunhu viscosity, kwete chingwa, ane zvakanaka magetsi conductivity. The soro pokuoma Mohs pamwero - 2.0-2.5, kuti makemikari guru arambe achirema - 1500-1700 makirogiramu / m3. Kupisa combustion - 33,9-34,8 MJ / makirogiramu (8100-8350 kcal / kg). It ane Analytical pasi mwando - 1-3% uye rine goryucheobraznoy kurema kuti 9% ane yainge mhando zvinhu, 93,5-97,0% kabhoni, 3.1% sehydrogen, okisijeni uye senitrogen 1.5-2.0%. Chinhu chaicho chokwadi. Zvisaririra ichi, rine kabhoni iri mafuta gobvu kupfuura 97% inonzi superantratsitom. By bhuku goho kungoerekana kugadzikana zvinhu rakakamurwa maviri maindasitiri mavanga. Kureva, pamwe kuvapo 220-330 l / makirogiramu - poluantratsity nayo, uye kuvapo volumetric goho kuti asingasviki 220 l / makirogiramu - anthracite.

Zvakanakira akati Zvisaririra

chigadzirwa ichi ndicho yepamusoro maonero zvikaramba marasha. Hazvina yakasiyana nedzimwe mhando, sezvo ane zvinotevera parameters:

• Mukuru zviri wakaiswa kabhoni. Muchiitiko chino, zviri 94-99%.
• Rakadzika sarufa kugutsikana.
• High dzakananga kupisa combustion.
• Rakadzika mwando kugutsikana.
• Burns pasina utsi uye marimi.
• Kurumidzai kutsva kunze.
• Yakakwirira arambe achirema kuti makemikari guru. Muchiitiko chino, 1500-1700 makirogiramu muzana mativi mita.
• Mugove anthracite marasha - 1.5-1.7.
• Mukuru magetsi conductivity.

Mukuwedzera anthracite marasha ane pikicha inopiwa ino, panguva combustion haisi sintered. Its pokuoma pamusoro Mohs pamwero pamwero - 2.0-2.5. Chimwe chinokosha anobatsirwei kuti mumhepo panguva combustion pamusoro anthracite iri dzinounzwa kuna 5 chete% volatiles.

In kwakadai Zvisaririra calorific unhu kupfuura mimwe marasha, kureva kilocalories 8.200 paminiti kilogram. By tienzanise, ari gasi kudziyisa ukoshi - 7000 kcal / makirogiramu.

Izvo mhando imwe kupiwa dziya Zvisaririra

Anthracite Coal ari kumusoro chigadzirwa. Izvi zvataurwa kare. Izvi nezvimwewo maitiro dzinoverengeka nezvaanoita Pakusarudza ayo mumunda kushandiswa. Maererano vakadaro kukura makirasi klassifitsirutsya Zvisaririra marasha anthracite (GOST 19242-73). Kuparadzana ari kuitwa saizi nezvikamu zviri chigadzirwa. zvinoti:

• "Ako" - anthracite chibhakera nut. Panyaya iyi, rakanga rakundwa chakapatsanurwa ane pakukura 26-100 mm.
• "AK" - hombe anthracite marasha chibhakera. Izvi zvinosanganisira chikamu kukura 50-100 mm.
• "Ao" - marasha giredhi, anthracite walnuts. Size zvikamu zviduku 26-50 mm.
• "NDIRI" riri anthracite yakanaka. Muchiitiko chino, kufungawo chikamu chiduku - 13-25 mm.
• "AS" - marasha giredhi, anthracite mbeu. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvikamu zviduku vane pakukura 6-13 mm.
• "Ashlam" - anthracite slurry. Ndiye ane rakavapo marasha Washing yepakutanga.
• "AL" - anthracite Duff. Panyaya iyi chikamu chiduku idukusa 6 mm.

Implementation anthracite dzokubudisa rinoitwa munyika dzakasiyana miseve. Vane kudzika kusvika 1500 m. The marasha ari ipapo zvokudya kubva mumigodhi kusvika emakambani kuti kubudiswa. Ikoko yakatakura kunze vapfume uye kufambira ne zvikamu zviduku. Shure kwaizvozvo, marasha muhomwe (anthracite) iri vaipa kune vatengi siyana.

Implementation izvi zvinhu zviri muchimiro nhengo (AP), uye ari mupfumi kuramba. Akati Zvisaririra pasi trademarks "AM" uye "Ako" Zvivako akafanana. Kunyange zvazvo ari resistivity kuti marasha duku mhando ane kwirirei.

Kushandiswa anthracite

chigadzirwa ichi kwakakurumbira chaizvo. Anthracite - ndicho chinonyanya gobvu muchimiro marasha. Izvi zvinobvumira iye kutora nzvimbo yokutanga mukirasi kupisa kuchinjirwa uye combustion nguva. Kana iwe vatenge anthracite (marasha) kuti kudziyisa, uchawana kubatsirwa chaizvo shoma kuti vakuchidzire munharaunda iyoyo kupfuura kana ukashandisa yakafanana chibereko mumwe rudzi kana huni. Pasinei zvose zvakanakira Zvisaririra ichi, ake chipo nezvayakaipira. With hombe arambe achirema, zviri anokwanisa mumhino haisi mhando dzose boilers uye yamavira. Zvakakosha kuziva. Nokuti zvakanaka combustion anthracite vanoda kugoverwa mhepo yakanaka. Kunyanya ano mhando hwakasimba mafuta boilers ndiyo zvairayirwa. To muduku arambe achirema kuti marasha zvipenyu zvinosanganisira:-refu nomurazvo marasha uye caking.

Anthracite, nemhaka ayo calorific unhu, kupfuura analogues. parameter Iri 8200 kcal / makirogiramu. Somuenzaniso, dzinongoitika mhando gasi - 7000 kcal / makirogiramu. Anthracite - marasha, inova chakaomesesa zvose vezera dzayo. It volatiles munguva combustion iri dzinounzwa kuna 5 chete%. Anthracite rinoshandiswa zvakasiyana pazvinoitwa kwevanhu. Kureva, iri kugadzirwa maindasitiri mhando (kemisitiri, simbi, shuga maindasitiri, etc.) mune zvaiita nzvimbo (kudziyisa mvura, kudziyisa zvichingodaro). Uyewo rinoshandiswa kuti muchidziisa private nemhuri. Zvimwe Zvisaririra ichi berekai filtrants zvinoshandiswa rokuchenesa drains the, mvura zvichingodaro.

Anthracite mu Magetsi indasitiri

Munharaunda iyi, kushandiswa akati chigadzirwa kunokoshawo. Screenings kubva anthracite, umo yakakwirira padurunhuru zviri 0-13 mukirasi, anoshandiswa nevakawanda sezvo mafuta musimba chizvarwa. In indasitiri iyi, Zvisaririra ichi rinoshandiswa nokuda yakaderera akadaro kugutsikana. The Magetsi rinoshandiswa nokuda combustion ose anthracite chinokosha michina.

Kune pulverized zvibereko combustion muvira kunodawo rinokosha chakagadzirwa. configuration ravo nani chaiyo. Zvinofanira kupa combustion yakakwana akati Zvisaririra ane nguva apo ari rinokosha combustion wongoramba.

Marasha pamwe nezvikamu zviduku, uyewo pasi zviri nesarufa, senitrogen uye phosphorus inoshandiswa chaiyo kettles kuti zvakagadzirirwa ichi. Imwe kushandiswa akati chigadzirwa duku kukura romoto simende mhando.

Anthracite mu simbi

Munzvimbo iyi, Zvisaririra ichi vakaonawo kushanda kwayo. Anthracite inoshandiswa simbi sintering simbi uye reraimu. Domain electrosteel uye zvakanaka pezvakaitwa hatibvumiri kudzora uwandu zvinokuvadza vabudiswa mumhepo. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa akati default mukuru mafuta kunotungamirira zvakawanda zvakatipoteredza noushamwari metallurgia kwendangariro.

Uyezve, Zvisaririra ichi chiduku mhando zvaishandiswa pakugadzira mukuru-kabhoni steels kuumba carburization yechipiri. In kwebhosvo yamavira, kuva PCI gadziriro (rokuridza ari pulverized huni) rinogona kushandiswa anthracite. Heino chikuru chinoratidza mwando kuti marasha, iro yawapihwa.

Muchiitiko chino, akati chinotsva inogona jekiseni muimba Nokufema romoto culm. Similar Michina rinoshandiswa chaizvo zvakanaka kunyika Western Europe uye Asia - China, Japan, Korea. MuRussia uye Ukraine, nzira iyi yokuwana kukurumbira.

Mugore metallurgia indasitiri marasha rinoshandiswawo sezvo kuderedza simbi mumiririri.

Anthracite - sorbents

It ichiri rimwe vaizotibata zvikuru nezvemaitiro kushandisa Zvisaririra ichi. Anthracite anogona kushandisa nokuti akanatsa kunwa mvura uye tsvina. Muchiitiko chino, dzaanoridza basa Sefa uye anogona kutsiva nyore kusashanda nemarasha. Ichi chinhu chinokosha.

Alternative mukuru-kabhoni zvinhu

Coal pamusika rakagara richidudzirwa rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri. Below wavo zvaireva simba uye chemubhotoro kugadzirwa. Price Maitiro nokuti zvigadzirwa kuvimba chidimbu uye zvimwewo. Uye kazhinji zvakasiyana.

Anthracite ibhuku rakasiyana chigadzirwa, zvinobudirira chipo muzvikamu zviviri. Kunze, iye achiri kune nzvimbo inokosha iri kushandiswa pawaitengesa maindasitiri kushandiswa. Price emuchina nokuti zvakafanana zvinhu muzvikamu zvakasiyana dzingasiyana, kureva, pachinhu ichi, pane redistribution. Somuenzaniso, kana mutengo chimwe chidimbu chezvinhu zvakaoma marasha anowira, zvino imwe payo kazhinji inokura.

Anthracite zvinobudirira kukwikwidzana graphite, marasha, peturu chemubhotoro. The amplitude of mitengo nokuti iyi achavaponesa mari yemagetsi simba, simbi zvinhu uye zvichingodaro. Zvakakosha kuyeuka. Kupfuura zvose, mutengo anthracite zvichachinja chii kwokufara upfumi hwenyika. Zvisinei, mumakore gumi adarika riri kuoneka kuramba simba pakukura.

mhedziso

Maererano migumisiro pamusoro, zvinganzi kuti Coal anthracite ndicho maonero enyika zvicherwa. It ane mukuru azvipire mambure simba goho unhu kana generating magetsi uye kupisa pa yakakwirira tembiricha kuti kugadzirwa kwendangariro. Akashandisa ari indasitiri kuti pagadzirwe namakemikari uye achiri chipa. Kana sayenzi yemazuva uye zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinogona ichabvisa zvachose anthracite indasitiri. Uyu chinokosha chokwadi. Saka, munguva yemberi iri pedyo achava kuenderera ndichibvunza dzokubudisa ose anthracite uye bituminous marasha.