Ndiani Maria Montessori? Montessori nzira iri dzidzo

Makore anopfuura zana kupembererwa uye zvakanakisisa tsika muuzivi Maria Montessori, nzira basa rayo asingadi rirasikirwe kusvikira nhasi. Kubudirira yedzidzo kunosimbiswa migumisiro kwesainzi. Kindergartens uye zvikoro, izvo anoshanda pasi ino, unogona kuwanikwa pose. Vana Vechikoro Masangano shamisika neunyanzvi uzivi uye zvakasikwa, uyewo tsika dzakanaka.

Montessori dzidzo - nevana nzira ukavimba, rusununguko uye mukana wokuratidza pachavo. A mashoko kiyi yedzidzo: "Ndibatsirei kuti kuzviita pachangu."

Chokutanga, nguva dzose uye kwose kwose

Maria Montessori akaberekwa musi August 31, 1870 mune Italian taundi Chiaravalle. Mumhuri, akanga ari oga uye vanodiwa mwana. baba kwaMariya, Alessandro Montessori sezvinoita mhuri Italian kwamachinda. Zita ramai Renildoy. In zita rake musikana iye akatakura zita Stoppani - mhuri yekare, uyo nhengo dzaiva vanhu vakadzidza chaizvo. hanzvadzi kwaamai, Antonio Stopani, nokuti mupiro wake guru zvesayenzi akanga paakavapa ari shongwe muMilan. Panguva iyoyo Renilda akanga zvakanaka akadzidza mukadzi, asi zvinosuwisa kuti kwaifanira zvichaitirwa vemba uye ndikasazovapo. upenyu hwake hwose iye akabatsira mwanasikana wake, sezvo zvaaigona, kuedza kuisa mariri rudo kuti ruzivo uye rusununguko.

Apo Maria akanga makore 12 okuberekwa, mhuri yake yakatamira kuRoma, kumusikana mukana vawane dzidzo yakanaka. Zvikurukuru zvakanaka yakapiwa semusayendisiti uye masvomhu. Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi zvose zvaakasangana nazvo, musikana chinangwa akanga vakabvuma kuti zvekushandisa pachikoro nevakomana, uye gare gare - the Medical mano University of Rome. Apedza, akava mukadzi chiremba wokutanga uye chiremba muItaly.

Clever, kodzero, uye anongoti yakanaka

Somudzidzi Maria nokushingaira akarwira dzekodzero. Akanga asarudza nenhume kuna International Congress of Women, iyo yakaitwa muBerlin. The musikana akakwanisa kuwana kuteerera uye kunzwa, zvakakwana Inoziva kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi. With zvose izvi, iye ragara akanaka, uye iye asina kusunungurwa kubva vachivakuza.

Personal nenhamo

Muna 1896 akatanga kushanda se mubatsiri paUniversity Clinic Roma pasi auspices pamusoro Santi of Santes. Ikoko iye akasangana mudiwa wake Giuseppe Montesano. Personal upenyu vokuItaly haana kushanda. Aifanira kusarudza kwakaoma pakati pfungwa uye nesayenzi. Akasarudza ekupedzisira. Paakaziva kuti akanga ava nepamuviri, akabva, achitya mhosva Catholic kwezvakatipoteredza, akasarudza kutumira pakarepo pashure kuberekwa mwana ane anosara muruwa pedyo Rome. Pane Manyepo kuti Mary akasiya mwanakomana wake kubata nevamwe vanhu vana, asi chokwadi hazvisi.

Vazhinji vevana panguva iyoyo vakanga vakadzidza Vaperekedzi, uye rokuItari aita chinhu inopesana tsika. Musiyano chete raiva kuti mwana wakararama mhuri nehondo. Mary aipedza nguva nemwanakomana wake pamusoro kwevhiki kupfuura avhareji mai panguva. Montessori akatanga mwanakomana wake vanhu, chete paaiva nemakore 15 okuberekwa. Mario hwose akabatsira uye akatsigira amai akava naye mutsivi, uye pashure pokufa kwake vakabatsirawo zvikuru pakudzidzisa nzira Montessori.

Kushanda pamwe nevana

The kiriniki inoitika musangano wayo wokutanga pamwe vana, vaiva nemikana shoma. Panguva iyoyo, vana ava havana kubatwa, uye akadzidzisa chinhu, vari kungoita vaiona idiots uye edza kuvadzivirira kubva muvanhu. Pashure kuitwa rebyatnya zvokudya zvinokambaira pamusoro pematanho pauriri uye raunganidza mafufu chingwa, uye ipapo mate balls vabvemo. Mamiriro, umo maiva vana vanorwara vakakomba wachi, haana kuita kuti kukura kana kuzvishumira anobatsira basa. Maria kwenguva refu nguva kuona navo uye vafunga, rwakazokura pokutangira yokushanyira dzidziso ezvinhu akasikwa Montessori.

Nzira iri kupa vana sezvo kuvarwere uye utano dzichiri zvakatipoteredza. Mafufu dzinofanira kupiwa nzvimbo umo dziri pfungwa zvose zvenyika ruzivo. Kuti zvijeke, vari akapa kuburikidza zvikuru mitemo kubudirira kwevanhu. mbudzana ose ane kuenda zvose nzira yakabudirira nyika kare makore vanoenda kukireshi. Pedagogical gadziriro pamusoro Montessori rakavakwa maererano nezvinodiwa (inonyatsoziva nguva) ari kwomwana.

nzwisisa nguva

Child Kugadzirwa Montessori nzira iri maererano nguva zvikamu iyo vana nyore uye zviri muropa kuonesesa zvimwe unyanzvi uye ruzivo. Izvi ndiwo inonyatsoshanda kumwedzi. Its chinhu ndechokuti zvinoitika kamwe hwose uye zvakaitika nokusingaperi, pasinei mwana ane nguva kurishandisa kana kwete. Somuenzaniso, kubvira 0 kusvika makore matanhatu pane kutsinga dzinouya kukura uye paumbwe kutaura. Kugarisana kubuda uye wakaiswa kuti nguva kubva 2 kusvika 6 makore. Dzidzisa mwana rucheno kuti vanoda kusvika 3 years.

Nevamwe nzwisisa nguva anogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku mudzidzisi Italian uye innovator. Vabereki nevadzidzisi Hatigoni kuchinja kuwanikwa uye nguva izvi nguva. Zvisinei, vanofanira kusika zvakatipoteredza mwana kubva nedzidziso zvinhu kana vanonzi mapazi ose proximal kukura.

Adult nyika - nyika rwehofori vana

Montessori mudzidzisi kutanga akatanga pfungwa yokuti vana zvuzvungudza kurarama akura nyika. mbudzana ose anonzwa sezvinoita Lilliputian muna Gulliver nyika. nyika yedu iri mwana izere munyonganyonga, apo munhu muduku haana kodzero uye pachake anonyaradza nzvimbo. Hofori, vakuru kakawanda utsinye, kururama uye asingashiviriri. Chirango anogona kutevera chikanganiso nyore akadai akatyoka vhasi, uye nekuti nembudzana chete kusora nyika uye ane kodzero tinokanganisa.

Mudzidzisi aida kuudza vabereki nevadzidzisi kuti vana - hazvisi chitoyi mumaoko avo. Zvakakodzera kufunga kwavo zvido. Kurera mafufu, zvinokosha kuziva uye kunzwisisa mwana anofanira arinde naye. Uye ichi zvinogoneka chete nemwana, uyo akapiwa rusununguko. Child kuruoko dhesiki, hapana kupfuura kukurumidza kurasikirwa mubereko, hamuzondioni. Watch sezvo vakaratidzawo unhu, zvinogona chete kana mwana chinhu zvechokwadi vaneshungu pamusoro.

Discipline uye rusununguko panguva imwe chete

Pasi pfungwa rusununguko nemabasa mudzidzisi Italian anofanira kunzwisisa madiro, uye rusununguko kuda mwana nomunhu mukuru. Uye izvi zvinogona kuitwa nokudzidzisa vana pabasa pachavo uye kudzidza zvitsva pasina rubatsiro kuvakuru.

Maria Montessori nzira zvishoma:

• mbudzana ose anosarudza pacharo basa. Mwana anodzidza kuteerera kwenyu yomukati "Ini", kunzwisisa kuti anofarira panguva ino.
• Kurerutsa mukuru rubatsiro. Zvinofanira kuva varipo chete zviitiko apo mbudzana anoda nokuti. Kuita kuzvionera vomwana nechivimbo, dzidza kuti vanyatsokwanisa kuongorora pachavo nokubudirira.
• Vana vakure vakadzidziswa nzvimbo zvikuru yakarongwa. The didactic zvinhu zvinofanira kuva pachena kuwanikwa mwana ose. Pane mitemo muonekwe zvose.
• Education vana akasiyana vemazera imwe chete boka. Zvakanaka kuti vana vakura uyewo vadiki. vadzidzi Small vanokwezvwa vakuru, uye varume vakuru kubatsira nokuvhuvha.
• Kurovedzwa zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kuti mwana anogona kuwana uye kururamisa zvikanganiso zvavo.
• No akanakisisa uye zvikuru vadzidzi. Nebudiriro mwana chete kunogona kuenzaniswa yapfuura nemigumisiro.

Pasinei ukashandisa Montessori nzira pamusha kana masangano yedzidzo, kwese pane zvakafanana mitemo:

• Ndaishanda - Unofanira shure.
• Kushanda pamwe chete zvinhu ndepana wacho dhende.
• Kirasi haagoni kuita ruzha, kufamba chinyararire. Vana kamwe akadzidzisa chinyararire kutakura chair.
• Kazhinji ruremekedzo coexistence: rusununguko rwenyu rinoguma apo mumwe hunotanga munhu nzvimbo.

maitiro nezvayakaipira

Vateveri yedzidzo vakaona kubatsira makuru kuti wedzera kubva Montessori nzira. Reviews zvinoita anogona kuwanikwa ndoda kakawanda.

Childhood pasina rengano. Dr. Montessori aidavira kuti rengano havanyatsonzwisisi chokwadi. Pashure Gingerbread Man haangagoni kutiza, uye mhuka handigoni kutaura mutauro kwevanhu. The Hurongwa anofungawo kufunga uye rationality, anovandudza rworuboshwe hemisphere mwana pachake aigona vafunga, kusarudza uye tora mutoro zviito. Read mabhuku chidobi hakuiti rambidza, asi anopa zano kuti vanoda nyaya pamwe nyaya chaidzo.

No inorambidza. Education pamusoro Montessori nzira asingagoveri mizhinji Zvirango. Vari kukireshi kana kuchikoro, mwana anogona kuteerera mudzidzisi, kudya vamwe vanhu ndiro, famba famba mumba mukirasi, kumhanya pasi yoUmambo. Mudzidzisi ane kodzero yokuita ake zvakawanika, nokuti mwana anofanira pachake kunzwisisa chii nyangarara - zviri zvakaipa, kuti haana zvingakurwadza nevamwe vana. Mudzidzisi anogona chete kuchengeta kuitika. Domestic vanachiremba regai kuvakurudzira kushandisa chikoro Montessori nzira pamberi. dzidzo Pre-kuchikoro munyika yedu kunofanira kusanganisira pfungwa yokuteerera. Children panopera mumunda pamusoro itsva chirongwa vasingadi kutora kuchikoro ane dzidzo chekare. vadzidzi Future vari zano kuti "kuzodzosera dzidzisa" nenzira dzose kukireshi, nokuti mudzidzi haagoni kungoita kugara mukirasi. Haana pfungwa chii kuteerera mudzidzisi.

zoning nzvimbo

Akaita mupiro zvikuru dzidzo yavana Dr. Montessori. The nzira kuti kwakasimbiswa, anopa weboka nzvimbo, apo vana zvinobatanidzwa, pamusoro mapazi. Pane shanu chete. Kid mapazi anosarudza kuita uye akabata nayo chero sezvaanoda.

• Area kudzidzira. Kune zvinhu zvezuva nezuva, izvo vakuru kugadzirisa ose zuva. Kid pasi pokudzora mudzidzisi anogona Nwisai maruva, kuwacha, simbi chipo simbi uye kusona. Education pamusoro Montessori nzira inopa kuzvipira basa. Mawadhi Iyewo akagadzira tafura, kugeza pashure kudya, kugeza uye uchapusika ndiro.
• Musabata Zone. Heino zvinhu inodzidziswa kuona hunhu zvinhu: ruvara, chimiro, ukuru, uremu.
• Language nzvimbo. Pane didactic zvinhu pakudzidzisa kuverenga uye kunyora.
• Masvomhu mapazi. Ipapo mbudzana kudzidza nemifananidzo, nhamba nevanhu kwemasvomhu mienzaniso. Basa ne "zvinhu goridhe".
• Space nzvimbo. Heano mepu, mbiya, zvinhu nokuti kudzidza ekunze uye zvose otaura vana kuti nyika yakavapoteredza.

Makirasi vanoenda kukireshi vana kushandisa Montessori nzira vari kushanda nevamwe zvinhu. Ngatitarisei pavo.

Kugadzirwa Switch michina:

• Frame pamwe nezvikorekedzo. Pairi pane zvokukochekera, mabhatani, zippers, tambo. With mwana uyu Simulator anodzidza kupfeka pachake.
• Brown manera. Zvinobatsira vana kuziva pamwe Dzidziso huru, duku, mafuta, mutete.
• Pink Tower. Nowenyika vana chepiramidhi. Anodzidzisa enzanisa zvinhu kune mumwe ari kukura.
• Red tiguu. Mwana chinozadzwa vakajairana Dzidziso "refu", "mapfupi".

Tive kutaura:

• Tsamba yacho bepa pamwe nezvaizoitwa vherevheti kana jecha decoration.
• Metal Tabs muchimiro siyana geometric zvitarisiko inoshandiswa kwegadziriro ruoko kuti tsamba.

Kwemasvomhu kugona:

• Red uye zvitema tsvimbo. Zvinosanganisira 10 tsvimbo. Kutyora kwavari, mwana anodzidza chikuru masvomhu uye akarongeka kushandiswa.
• Urwisane spindles.
• Geometric muviri.

dzidzo pamba

Mazano vabereki vanoda kushandisa Montessori nzira pamba:

• Itai kuti mwanakomana kana mwanasikana hwomutambarakede ezvinhu. Mwana anofanira kukwanisa kwakuka kana gwadama dzavo mubhedha, kugeza pasina rubatsiro, akarembera zvavo vari muwadhiropu kana chiredzo, akakodzera kuti kukura kwayo.
• Ipa mwana wako mikana yokubatsira vakuru vane mabasa epamba. Dzidzisai kusuka mukombe, kutenga chiduku nefoshoro womutsvairo, regai mvura maruva. The mbudzana anofanira kuziva kuti ava mudzimba mabasa. Izvi zvinonyatsoratidzwa chinyatsotsanangurwa kwayo purogiramu Dr. Montessori.
• Nzira inobva rusununguko chiito. Regai kuvhiringidza mwana.
• Gurai kireshi boka maererano nzira. Ipa mwana wako nedzidziso zvokuvakisa makirasi. Unodhura chaizvo, saka vabereki vanofanira kufunga kuti vanogona kuita nemaoko avo. Nhasi tinogona kuwana zvakawanda mazano uye Mumusangano kuti kugadzirwa nokudzidziswa zvinhu.

The Hurongwa asingadi kupa vana mifananidzo basa, asi anongoti achisunda mwana chiito uye inopa siyana nezvinhu.

mhedziso

Institution kushandisa dzidziso nzira Maria Montessori, inogona kuenzaniswa siyanei vana kadiki, apo pane dzayo Maitiro uye hapana nzvimbo madiro. Asi apo vana kudzidza kunzwisisa manzwiro avo uye manzwiro, neunyanzvi upenyu uye kugadzirisa mudzimba nyaya. Hapana uye hapana kukura mano duku yevanhu. The Hurongwa asingadi kupa vana mifananidzo basa, asi anongoti achisunda mwana chiito uye inopa siyana nezvinhu.