Preschool dzidzo: maitiro, tsika

dzidzo Pre-chikoro kodzero mwana ose, chinozoiswa akakodzera kudzidzisa masangano Zvisinei, anogona kuitwa nevabereki pachavo nderemagariro.

Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti munenge chimwe muzvitatu mhuri Russian havagoni kurera mwana ari mamiriro regadziriro masangano. Saka, dzidzo pre-kuchikoro munyika yedu, anoita somunhu mumwe kukoshesa voujaya itsika.

Nhoroondo pre-kuchikoro dzidzo wemuTesitamende Russia

Zvichitevera nyika dzokuEurope mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 riri wechipfuwo dzezvimwe akatanga kuonekwa regadziriro masangano edzidzo. Wokutanga kukireshi vakasununguka munyika yedu rakavambwa muna 1866 kuSt Petersburg. Panguva iyoyo yakatanga kuonekwa private kudzidzisa zvikoro kuti vana intelligentsia.

Muhafu yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, mupurogiramu yedzidzo kuenda kukireshi dzidzo Russia yakanga kare dzakabudirira zvikuru. Access yakavhurwa kuruzhinji mukanyiwa wose mari uye wakasununguka regadziriro masangano. The nyika yave nguva akaita kindergartens akawanda, sangano rakanga pedyo kuitika pamwero.

dzidzo Pre-chikoro yaitonga Soviet Union

chirongwa chokutanga, maererano yakanga kushanda zvose hurumende kindergartens rakagamuchirwa muna 1934, uye ane kubva 1938 chinorondedzerwa chikuru mabasa ose masangano akadaro, akaumba maumbirwo masangano, kunozivikanwa postulates kindergartens kushanda, nhungamiro vadzidzisi akasuma.

Mune 40s remakore rapfuura, dzidzo muduku yasvika kusingaenzaniswi kuti nguva span. Access kuti vakasununguka kurovedzwa vana vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri munyika.

Muna 1959, rine zvitsva pre-kuchikoro dzidzo dziri creches. Vabereki ava vaigona kutuma pachedu vana vavo vane makore 2 kusvika 7 makore, nokudaro ochinja dambudziko pana pamafudzi paruzhinji vadzidzisi dzidzo uye kusunungura vakasununguka nguva yokuita basa.

Nzwisisika kuchinja dzidzo ino, rakanga kuitwa nyika yedu iri nguva kubva mukupera 80s mid-90s wekupedzisira remakore kwakaita kuti paumbwe "Concept yedzidzo muduku." Gwaro yakawanda inokosha misimboti, zvakange kutevedzera vadzidzisi zvokurera vana:

1. Humanization - kukura basa rakaoma, kuremekedza kodzero dzevamwe, rudo mumhuri uye kunze nyika.
2. Unhu kukura - nokusimbaradza utano nemafungiro mwana, rubatsiro pakunzwisisa zvinokosha kufunga uye basa.
3. Munhu uye differential dzidzo - kukura maitiro ari mwana, kukambaira kudzidzisa kunobva zvavo zvido, uye mano.
4. Deideologization - Kubuda pachena dzevanhu tsika, Kurambwa imwe dzidziso iri Implementation zvirongwa zvedzidzo.

bhajeti nemasangano

Masangano Budgetary kuzivikanwa asiri haibatsiri dzidziso, maererano nechirevo nezviremera, zvomunharaunda miviri kuzvitonga kupa rubatsiro kuruzhinji iri dzidzo muduku. Pfuma nemasangano aya ndezvaJehovha hurumende nokusarurama, asi vanovimba basa iri kurasa zviremera edzidzo.

Mari paruzhinji kindergartens kubva bhajeti iri muchimiro kwaanoita. Masangano akadai hadzina wairambidza kuita bhizimisi, kana ukagamuchira mari nechinangwa kuzadzika zvinangwa izvo akasika tsika.

zvionera masangano

Pre-kuchikoro dzidzo hurongwa hunoratidza mukana musangano kuti zvionera masangano. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira zvikoro kubudikidza vanotongwa Russian Federation kuti urongwa dzidzo mabasa.

Mari kuti zvionera kindergartens tichiregeredza pachavo mari wendarama, kuburikidza dzinopiwa kana kwaanoita. Public mabasa anogona akapa pano somunhu akabhadhara uye mahara. The pfuma zvionera masangano ari basa basa uye vatakanzi akazvimirira utariri.

The mabasa ano vanoenda kukireshi masangano dzidzo

Zvino govera mabasa akadaro kushanda kuti pre-kuchikoro Masangano dzidzo:

• kutsigira mupfungwa uye utano vana, kudzivirirwa upenyu vadzidzi;
• nechokwadi munzanga uye munhu kukura, kutanga kutaura unyanzvi, tinogutsikana pamusoro aesthetic zvinodiwa ;
• vana dzidzo zvichienderana nezera ravo, kukura kworudo kurutivi nyika, kuremekedza rusununguko uye kodzero dzevamwe;
• kudyidzana nevabereki, kupa mazano uye zano kune vechiduku mhuri.

Mudzidzisi vanoenda kukireshi dzidzo

The chikuru basa mudzidzisi - kukura munhu pachena nomumwe unhu mwana, ari Kuziviswa nheyo maonero enyika, paumbwe tsika pazvinhu zvakasikwa uye nzanga.

Mudzidzisi dzidzo pre-kuchikoro vanofanira zvinotevera unhu:

• budiriro mafungiro, refu uye RAM;
• yakakwirira pfungwa dzigadzikane, zvinhu sezvazviri ratings, kungwarira uye tsika;
• tsitsi zvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa;
• Kuwanikwa kwaniso dzekugadzira zvinhu;
• kukwanisa kukurumidza chinja nzeve;
• mutsa, kushivirirana, kururamisira, kutanga.

Mhando kuenda kukireshi ano

Wapiwa vanofanira kushanda pamwe dzemazera akasiyana-siyana uye yakananga kukanganiswa nomunhu dzidzo vana, pane zvinotevera mhando vanoenda kukireshi masangano edzidzo:

1. Traditional kukireshi - zvokurimisa kurovedza zvakafanana zvirongwa uye dzidzo yevana.
2. Kukireshi vana vaduku - ari kugadzirira vadzidzi makore kubva 2 months kusvika 3 years. Anokonzera paakasika Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kuti pave mangwanani socialization uye kwadzakabva vana kunyika.
3. Kukireshi vana vakura, vanoenda kukireshi zera - dzika chirongwa chikuru dzidzo, uye ari zvakare kuita pakudzidzisa vana nemakore 5-7 ari chaiyo mumapoka, izvo zvakapa zvakaenzana mikana yokubudirira ramangwana kuchikoro.
4. Kindergartens kupora uye cherechedzo - vari akaziva chirongwa pre-kuchikoro kwete chete, asiwo akaita chokudzivirira, utano uye utsanana basa.
5. Compensating zvikoro - kusimbisa rinoitwa pasi vanokwanisa nokururamiswa mupfungwa nomumuviri urema vadzidzi.
6. Kukireshi pamwe kuchikosheswa nezvezuva basa - mukuwedzera zvavo dzidzo, vadzidzisi kusangana dzidzo, pachake, magariro, aesthetic uye unyanzvi zvinodiwa mwana.

In mhedziso

Pasinei pfupi zvakanaka dzakabudirira hurongwa pre-chikoro edzidzo masangano kuchiri minzwa nyaya munyika yedu inoramba kuvandudzika kwokudzidzisa vashandi, paumbwe unhu vadzidzisi pamusoro chikonzero kuti humanistic zvepfungwa.

Full Kuziviswa kwemashoko pedagogical mukana, kuwedzera kukwanisa vadzidzisi, kuzvicheka-dzidzo, mazuvaano uye kukura kwavana kudzidziswa masangano wegadziriro - ichi zvose ndeimwe inonetsa zvikuru matambudziko dzidzo muduku.