Municipal-private Kudyidzana: tsanangudzo chibvumirano, mutemo

Federal Law №244 "On Public-Private Partnership, matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana" 13 July 2015 nechinangwa paakasika zvinhu kuti kuwedzera kuti mubhizimisi Kukwezva pakati zvipfuwo upfumi, kunaka mabasa, zvinhu uye anoshanda kuti nechokwadi kuti chikamu mufambiro nhengo ehurumende simba uye nemakanzuru ezvirevo. Gwaro rinoratidza kiyi zvebasa pamutemo mutemo chaienzanirana ukama, namasimba mutoro masangano. "Pazuva matunhu neminisiparati uye private Kudyidzana" mutemo anodzika chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa pakati zvinodiwa mapato kwema. We inotevera kiyi zvinobatanidzwa murau.

Mutemo Municipal Private Partnership

MO kugumisa zvibvumirano kuti nerubatsiro zvigadzirwa, kuurayiwa mabasa uye mabasa zvavanoda. The hurongwa yevasungwa yavo pakutsvaga normative mabasa RF. Zvibvumirano inotsigirwa kungotaurwa achishandisa yomunharaunda bhajeti, havasi zvibvumirano matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana. Izvi imhaka yokuti ivo, chokwadi, rine chete yaitsigira divi kuzvipira kugovera basa, kuti aite basa kana kununura nhumbi mune imwe kupedza imwe vakabvumirana mutengo. Municipal private kudyidzana - ukama umo inopa co-mari zvibvumirano kubva zvebhizimisi uye akaisa runoenzanirana pakumanikidzwa dhi. Mudzimba tsika, kwema akadaro sevanhu inivhesitimendi.

risi nomukadzi

Chii chaigona kuva matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana? reshiyo iyi yakavakirwa kwema siyana. Somuenzaniso, sangano anogona kushandisa pfuma iri leasehold hwaro. Zvichakadai, kwete kutengeserana ose zvakadai rive matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana. Mienzaniso inosanganisira pano. The kambani leases okuvaka, anorishandisa kugadzirwa zvinodiwa. The Municipality, kupfuura chivako makambani, nokupa muzadze yomunharaunda bhajeti tichiregeredza kubhadharira oparesheni. ukama hwakadaro haaiti somunhu matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana. Kutsunga tsika ine nezve mushandirapamwe yokutsigira Implementation pakati dhi zvinodiwa. Nemamwe mashoko, kambani anotora chinhu nokuda rendi pamusoro chaizvo ezvinhu kuti mhinduro dzavo chinokosha munzanga mabasa. The chibvumirano pane iyi inogona ushandiswe zvimwe zvakanakira kuti kambani. Municipal private Kudyidzana, inobva risi, inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko socio-zvoupfumi mundima. Izvi zvingava kunatsa kukura kwebasa basa vagari kuwedzera diki uye svikiro mabhizimisi, vatsigirane vamwe sectors vokuparidzira, kusikwa mabasa matsva, uye zvichingodaro.

Municipal-private Kudyidzana: mamiriro

By kusaina chibvumirano, mapato anoratidza mabasa avo uye kodzero, rinotungamirirwa Civil Code. Sezvo mumwe zvakanakira noukama akadaro kuvapo pamutemo rutsigiro, oparesheni kuramba kudzora wemba. Saizvozvowo, matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana kunoita muridzi kuongorora zvakakodzera kuurayiwa kondirakiti. Saka MO ane hwakanyatsorwisa yakaderera ngozi, asingadi kupedza mari budgetary, kana kune kushandisa zvivako yaivapo. Mutemo Municipal private Kudyidzana anopa mukana aite roja mari pfuma, iyo anogarisana.

zvokubvumira

chimiro ichi pamwe zvino aionekwa zvikuru nevanhu. Sezvo chikamu kungobvumirawo chibvumirano, siyana zvaMambo matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana. Chinonyanya akakodzera inosanganisira zvibvumirano mumunda mabhazi, pekugara, tsvina muunganidzwa uye kwetsvina. MuRussia, pakava yoga mutemo yokudzora mhedziso zvokubvumira zvibvumirano.

Kubatanidzwa guru

Municipal private Kudyidzana muRussia rinogona seurongwa pamusana privatization dzidzo kana bhizimusi sangano. Saka unitary sangano inogona corporatized, ipapo mugove kuchengetedzeka anogona atengeswe. Pamutemo kuzvidzora rinoitwa kana ichi maererano FL "On the privatization kuti matunhu neminisiparati uye hurumende pfuma".

Munogonawo - pokugadzwa bhizimisi isangano. It achava yakavhenganiswa uridzi. It chikamu mugove kuchengetedzeka ndezvaAroni Bazi Defence, uye vakasara - kune makambani. basa Economic iyi nyaya rinoitwa tichiregeredza vechikamu. Ivo, Naizvozvo, tiri toga vanoita uye Municipality. Kuzvidzora isingachinji vanhu Vanotakura pamwe chete. matunhu neminisiparati private Kudyidzana kwakadaro kunosanganisira pangozi Proportional kuparadzira maererano kukosha nhamba vechikamu guru. Pakuenzanisa zvido achazviisa kubudikidza muridzi ichivharira uye nokudzora zvinogumbura. Kusiyana nezvimwe matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana iyi mhando kunosanganisira wechigarire chikamu zviremera mukufamba dzebhizimisi. Saka, basa rine zvishoma kuzvionera uye rusununguko sarudzo.

vakavhengana siyana

Public-woga, matunhu neminisiparati Kudyidzana haina delineated mu mitemo. Panyaya iyi, muna tsika anogona chinozoiswa zvakasiyana-siyana vakavhengana siyana pamwe. Uyezve, vakadaro vanogona kuvapo zvirongwa kuti kwakaoma anotaurwa chero embodiments pamusoro pakudyidzana.

Vachabatsirwa Defense

Municipal private Kudyidzana anogona kuvapo chete pasi ezvinhu tose tibatsirwe nokuda vechikamu. Kuvapo Its kushanda chinodiwa kuti pamwe. Nenguva kubatsira kuti mapato vangava zvakasiyana, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kunoshandurwa, nechigadziko. Panyaya iyi, nokuti yakarurama Pfungwa yacho mashoko pamwe zvinokosha kunzwisisa mamiriro zvakanakira kuti imwe neimwe yeboka nomumwe. Vachabatsirwa Defense ndeinotevera:

1. Kukwezva Investments mune zveupfumi kukura. Kutambira mari kunoita kuti kunyatsoshanda pachavo mari dzavo MO.
2. Kuderedza nguva kuvandudza zvirongwa.
3. Kuderedza kwako mari.
4. Kunatsiridza mabasa, kuderedza mutengo wavo.
5. Kukwezva Michina yakapfuura dzisingambosvikiki vaimbova.
6. The Ripple Effect.
7. Kukwezva vashandi vane unyanzvi.

Zvichakadai, zvingava zvisina kururama kutaura kuti zvinobatsira izvi inomuka voga uye tinongogara achiperekedzwa ukama. Zvikomborero izvi zvinofanira kutanga kuwana kwavo chokwadi vanhu vanotora utariri zvisarudzo vabvume.

Business Benefits

Ndezvipi zvakanakira esungano? Municipal private kudyidzana anogona kupa zvebhizimisi:

1. High simbiso kuwana zvinofungidzirwa profitability, Dzoka mari, achibvisa akaronga mari.
2. A-siyana yakabvumirwa kuvapo, vachibvumira kuderedza mari uye kuvandudza upfumi kunyatsoshanda kuti entrepreneurial basa.
3. Kuvapo weumwe nhamba yevatengi kana kuvimbisa kuti kumusika.
4. Higher Kuwanikwa zvikwereti.
5. Nebumbiro mari kana ichocho kunosanganisira kutora chikamu Kudzivirira mari.
6. Mukana nokusaina zvibvumirwano kwemajoini uye vakawanda kuita mamwe njodzi.
7. Kuwana dzinoverengeka yemakwikwi, kusanganisira mukurumbira, nemhaka zvakanakira yakatsiga uye refu mari kuburikidza kubatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvine kukuru munzanga kukosha.

Ngozi kuzviremera

Municipal private Kudyidzana nguva dzose akaperekedza mukana kurasikirwa. Nokuti simba zvinogona njodzi angava sezvinotevera:

1. Kudiwa kupa mamwe mari, kana akapa Pakuurayiwa chibvumirano, kana kuti kunonoka Implementation purogiramu kupedzisa kusiyiwa naye. Ekupedzisira angangodaro panyaya zvikanganiso panguva mari kururamiswa chirongwa kana kuchinja musika ezvinhu.
2. Sokunonoka muupenyu the artist.
3. Kuwedzera uwandu zvayo mari.
4. Kuderera kunaka mabasa uye kuwedzera ukoshi hwavo yakaderera kugwinya kana kugiredhi.
5. Reputational kurasikirwa kana kukundikana chacho zvinangwa haina kubudirira.

The zvinogona kurasikirwa nokuda zvebhizimisi

Business ngozi kunogona kuva:

1. Kugadzirisa zvinhu yebasa chesungano nokuda shanduko zvimwe zvinhu enyika (pamutemo zvainyanya kukosheswa zvivako simba, uye zvichingodaro).
2. Kusakwanisa vabudirire pakukosha profitability kana kuderedza ayo mwero. zvinhu zvakadai angamuka somugumisiro musika, zveupfumi uye enyika zvinhu.
3. Aichinja nevatengi zvavanosarudza.
4. Kuderera mune mari pari panguva kuurayiwa esungano.
5. Non-zvaidiwa chibvumirano rwakashodoka kuita.
6. Reputational nezvinhu kana kukundikana chacho kana kukundikana kusvika zvinangwa.

inivhesitimendi

Pasinei nokuti makanzuru vanopiwa yakatsiga asiri mutero uye mutero, mari chinhu ivo zvikuru rinorema. Sezvo tsika inoratidza mari chete zvisingawanzoitiki nguva zvinogona kufukidzwa purofiti zvachose pachake MO. Zvisinei, kazhinji pane mugove chikuru mutengo iri kubhadharwa kubva Ndakatengesa LEVEL zvemari. Pamwe chete MO uyu substantially zvakawanda kugona kwavo kufukidza dhefisiti kubudikidza nokukwereta. Nzira kubva ezvinhu anogona kuva matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana. Mutemo unobvumidza kuti haasaruri kana zvizere mari nokuda Implementation mabasa kubva yebhizimisi, kuchinjwa chepfuma MO Enterprises. Panguva iyoyowo paakapiwa nemapoka chechitatu mari anogona abhadhare tichiregeredza vatengi, uye izvi zvichava kuwedzerwa nguva, kana anotenga yemabasa zvichava simba vemo.

MO tsika kumanikidzwa kumutsa mamwe pfuma kugadzirisa zvokukurumidzira zvinetso socio-zvoupfumi mundima. Kana basa, mutemo "Pazuva matunhu neminisiparati uye private Kudyidzana" inopa dzinoverengeka chivimbiso chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa mumabhizimisi. Chekutanga nezvezvitadzo kudzoka musi mari nzira, uyewo nokukosha kwemari dzokubudisa. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti pane nguva dzose zvinogona njodzi. The purojekiti achava makuru, havazombonyanyi achava kwirirei.

kushandiswa pfuma

Projects Kudyidzana matunhu neminisiparati-private kwakavakirwa risi uye tendero ukama, inosanganisira kuchinjwa mabhizimisi zvimwe zvinhu vaiva nezviremera zvomunzvimbo. Panyaya iyi, Bazi Defence anosunungurwa kubva vaitire kuramba zvivako uye mabhizimisi, akavapindurawo, anoponesa mari yacho zvisikwa. Pasinei makomborero pachena, kubatsira ingasaoneka pachena mune Implementation nezvevamwe zvirongwa. Zvinhu, kunyanya vaya vane ukama dzimba zvekutepfenyura, kazhinji zviri yasakara. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kuongorora ngozi chokuita kuda rokuvakazve kana zvafa zvikuru, zvingava zvakaoma. Pashure kuguma kungobvumirawo nguva kana kurenda anoishandisa anofanira kudzorera chinhu kune Municipality. Muchiitiko chino, panewo mukana kudzikira uye kudiwa kuti vaite kudzorerwa yakatarwa zvinhu.

utariri kunyatsoshanda

Pamisika upfumi dzidziso, pane pfungwa private zvebhizimisi ane basa kudarika paruzhinji utariri. Zvichakadai, pfungwa iyi rinongoshanda kwenguva yemakwikwi mabhizimisi zvakatipoteredza, dzakabudirira masangano yevagari mutemo uye pamutemo ukama, uyewo kumusoro tsika management. wemishonga izvi zvinhu chete ndiyo vafarire ezvokutengeserana makambani kuderedza mari uye purofiti-unoberekwazve mune imwe yepamusoro basa kuti vatengi. Saizvozvowo, mabhizimisi zvinoedza kuvandudza mabasa uye zvigadzirwa, michina mitsva kushandiswa tichingotarisira kuvandudzwa kugadzirwa. Kuti aite izvi mukati yechinangwa matunhu neminisiparati-private Kudyidzana inofanira kusimbiswa mamiriro pasi iro basa zvinhu chichaitwa nokuda gona vanhu. Zvisinei, vanogona kuva nhengo zvose hurumende uye mabhizimisi pachavo.

zvakawanikwa

Municipal-private Kudyidzana waro chaizvo uye zviri pamutemo kugutsikana hakuiti kwakasiyana hurumende. Musiyano chete iri kutambudzwa kwema uye bhuku chinozoiswa mabasa. State kunowanzoitwa chikamu mune Implementation mikuru mabasa nekuda dzimwe nharaunda kana sectors National upfumi. MO vaifarira zvirongwa zviduku-pamwero.

Zvichakadai, misiyano izvi handishanduki nemirayiridzo achigadzirira kwaizotevera Implementation pamusoro zvirongwa. On rapanzvimbo mapurogiramu kuchaenderana chete pamusoro pakusarudza mienzaniso kana siyana Implementation. Hurumende, sezvinoita stakeholder iri mikuru kwema, kana rakatangwa muna Muzviitiko zvakawanda unogona kuita pasina kutora chikamu chezvinhu makanzuru. Izvi imhaka yokuti mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvinokosha Kufambisa nezviremera zvomunzvimbo magwaro ari miganhu nokuronga, nyika abudise, urongwa mvumo pakuvaka zvivako uye pakubata nevamwe nyaya chokuita kugona hurumende. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, anenge ose makuru purogiramu paruzhinji-private kudyidzana vari rakatangwa muna pedyo pamwe vamiririri makanzuru.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kazhinji simba yavanopinda chaizvo kukwezva upfumi munzvimbo yayo. Zvisinei, makanzuru vari apora mukwaniso yavo kana tichienzanisa mamiriro. Nokudaro, vanogona chete kushandisa dzimwe ezvokutengeserana Mapoka chido Ezvemutauro. Izviwo, panotaura kudiwa kusika chaizvo policies kukwezva mari mu kuremekedza kwete chete vamiririri mubhizimisi, asi mitumbi wehurumende simba mudunhu.

mhedziso

Municipal private, uyewo paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana rinotarisira kuwedzera Kukwezva hwenyika nokuda vemabhizimisi. Aripo pamutemo framework ikozvino anotibvumira dzika nezviduku-software kukura. In ichi paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana, kukwezva makambani, vachitsvaka kutaura yakakura nyaya chokuita kunharaunda kana nemauto hwenyika. Panguva iyoyo hurumende miviri mvumo kupinda zvibvumirano, kazhinji kuita pasina kutora chikamu ezviremera zvomunzvimbo. Makanzuru, akavapindurawo, apinde zvibvumirwano dzakavanzika ishamwari kugadzirisa kudiwa nyaya miganhu kukosha. Kazhinji, pamwe iri kuitwa nokure mutengi mabasa, pekugara uye zvaiita mabasa. Zvikuru kukosha ndiyo chikamu edzimba vanoita mumunda pakufamba rubatsiro evanhu kune vaishayiwa Mapato vemunyika.