Chii chinoita kofi? Apo vanoita kofi? Kugadzirwa pakarepo kofi

Kusiyana tii kuti brewed kubva kupfuura siyana miti (miriwo, maruva kana michero), kofi akaita bedzi kubva tsanga Rubiaceae mhuri muti (Rubiaceae). Asi pasinei Kumanikana kwaiyoyi mhando, Breeders vakauya nemarudzi akawanda ichi chinonaka, kunozorodza mangwanani drink. Nhoroondo yacho yakawanikwa iri yakafukidzwa ngano. The nzira, zvaakaita kubva Ethiopia kune matafura gourmets European, akanga akareba uye hwakazara nengozi. Ngatidzidzei kubva chii chinoita kofi, uye chii muitiro zviri zvitsvuku zviyo kuti vabvise kuva anonhuwira dema zvinobata pamwe wakanaka cream.

Legend of yakagadzirwa

The ngano anoudza zvinotevera. A Kaldi, mufudzi muItiopiya akacherechedza mbudzi ake pashure kudya mashizha uye yakatsvukuruka mashava kumuromo ari kofi muti, kuva simba uye akaomarara. Akataura pamusoro abbot pakati wemamongi mupudzi, uyo akasarudza kuedza mugumisiro tsanga pamusoro mamongi, kumanikidza dzinodzeya muchero zvinovava pamberi vespers. Gare gare mamongi vakadzidza aiyanika uye ndagocha mbeu, bikai mariri kunwa. Raiva pamusoro pezana IX remakore. Saka akatanga domestication yemiti yomusango rine tsanga. Asi kwenguva refu, hapana kunze Ethiopia havana kuziva chii chinoita kofi.

Nyaya chaiyo

Kwenguva refu yakatsvuka michero chete rikamunya muchindwi, kugamuchira kwavari nemufaro. Zvadaro muna Yemen dzakadzidza kugadzira chokunwa yaigadzirwa yaoma mitema bhinzi. "Kishr" kana "geshir" hunonziwo "kofi chena". Its zviyo zvinoberekwa kumanikidza. Paivawo nzira zvinowanzovapo vachisanganisa milled kumuromo mafuta emhuka. Mukanyiwa akanga akawedzera mukaka shoma, akapeta balls kuti akatora mugwagwa kurera matauriro uye rejuvenation. Nenzira, mutema (mbishi) kofi zvakakwana kupisa zvakawandisa mafuta. Zvino, rinoshandiswa pamwe yokuvirisa siyana ari kudya uremu. Izvo zvinoita zvakasvibirira kofi - mbishi zviyo - ipapo akatanga Fry. Apfuudza kupisa kurapwa, mabheri vakasunungurwa kunhuwirira uye mupfumi pakubika, nemicheka gaya. upfu kwakadaro Arab vadzimwa nemvura uye vakauya kuna mota. Idyai drink pasina shuga, achiwedzera siyana zvinonhuwira (Ginger, cardamom, sinamoni). Asi pamberi XII remakore navaArabhu kuchengetedza anotambura kugadzirwa kofi.

Kwokukunda Kufamba mhiri nyika

Pakati Turkish yaMakoronike anozivikanwa apo yokutanga dzakagadzirirwa chitoro yakavhurwa chokunwa. Istanbul "Kiva Han" akavhura masuo aro vatengi muna 1475. Ndirwowo hweOttoman Empire ndorwevaya pfungwa paruzhinji kofi dzimba: Wokutanga yakavhurwa 1564. MuEurope, zviyo vakauya vatengesi vokuItaly, kutenga kwavari Turkish zvengarava. Asi drink kunonyanya nevakawanda nokuti akashandisa kungatonziwo pakati navaArabhu, pasina shuga. Kuti zvakachinja zvose muna 1683 pamwe inotevera yakakombwa Vienna nokuda vokuTurkey. Ukrainian Kazak Yury-Franz Kulchytsky akapedza omubatanidzwa mauto kuti rakakombwa uye akabatsira vanoshamba vokuTurkey kupukunyuka. Award akaziva Cossacks honorary mugari Vienna uye akamupa muvengi rworuboshwe Georgia - 300 masaga yakatsvukuruka mashava mbeu. KULCHYTSKY haana kukwana kuziva chii chinoita kuti kofi, aifanira yakati kuti Viennese muropa chokunwa ichi. Naizvozvo, anokurumidza witted Cossack iri kunzi vakatanga makambani. Iye wafungidzira wedzera shuga uye zvokunwa mukaka. chiitiko yake yokutanga promotional kusonganirana Bagel, kuti Patriot ose akaona zvakakodzera kudya (pamwe kofi, Chokwadi) kuchengeta kukunda vokuTurkey. Kulchytsky akazarura imba yake kofi muVienna muna 1684. Makore mashomanana gare gare chevanorwara kwakafanana chakabereka muna Paris - muridzi Le café Procope aiva Pascal pachake. France - a vakaziva tsika yakati itevedzerwe - nyore vakatongerwa kofi panyika-kwazvo kubudirira.

Kuwedzera kuwanda miti

Pasinei Europe wide tiguu, nyika kofi kurimwa kwave kusimbiswa North Africa. Asi Islamic nyika vafambi vakaenda Mecca kwete chete nokuda Hajj. Muna XVII imwe mufambi kwakadaro chitsotsi sembeu ichangotanga kumera kofi muti kuIndia. Around iyoyowo, Dutch vatengesi vakauya chirimwa pamusoro pachitsuwa Java uye Sumatra. At pakutanga XVIII remakore French vari kuedza kumanikidza kofi rabha pachitsuwa Bourbon (nhasi Réunion). Saka haana chete vasanyanya ari chindingindingi pakati navaArabhu. Zvakaitika kuti nharaunda yacho kukura miti zvakachinja zvakabikwa kofi. Kwaiva mhando "arabica Bourbon" (vane zita iroro chacho), Blue Mountain (kubva mugomo tenuka muna kuJamaica), uye vamwe.

Chii chinoita kofi

Rubiaceae Rubiaceae mhuri muti une zvinopfuura makumi marudzi. Asi vaviri chete zvinoshandiswa mune indasitiri. Zviri Coffea arabica uye Coffea canephora. Chechipiri mhando anowanzodanwa robusta kana dzokuCongo zvinobata. World kofi Kugadzirwa hwakavakirwa arabica. On kwakadai nhoroondo inenge 69% of zvachose Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa. Arabica unofadza muzvinhu zvose: chinonhuwira, kuravira, mukuru furo. Elongated tsanga vane curved rwokuyera chimiro tsamba S. Asi robusta ine zvakawanda caffeine, uye pano nani bracing. Inokura, kusiyana arabica panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro mamita 600, vari vane mwero uye husingakwanisi tupukanana. Bystrorastushy ichi mhando nezvokuvandudzika anenge 29% munyika kofi kugadzirwa. The yasara maviri muzana zvinodhura zvikuru kuva vakawanda chigadzirwa. Saka, vakaita "Kopi Luwak" anofanira vakayambuka kwayo zvomudumbu turakiti mhuka yemichindwe civet. About chete rwokugadzira muitiro vari «Monkey Coffee» zviyo mhando.

Apo vanoita kofi?

Panyaya iyi, mumwe anofanira kusiyanisa nyika kukura uye kukohwa miti, uye hurumende apo tsanga zvacho rwokugadzira muitiro roasting nokurumanya kuti kavha. Handiti kunaka uye munhuwi wacho chinwiwa kunonyanya kutsigirwa sei yakagadzirira zviyo: yakavhenganiswa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri blends, vakauya kuna aida ukuru calcination, ndakasika zvose zvinhu nokuda kunonyanyisa pakuchengetedza munuhwi. The tsanga dziri akura munyika dzinopfuura 60 akapoteredza ichinaya uye dzinopisa okunze zvikamu. A kuzivikanwa mutungamiriri kugadzirwa kofi - Brazil. Nezvokuvandudzika inenge 40% zvachose kugadzirwa. In zviyo-kwekurasira nyika chete zvokune kubva dzinongoitika anoshongwa uye waoma. Ivo zvifambiswe ari mutema - a - chizi.

Pedyo mutengi

In redu remakore maturo masayendisiti akawanda vari kushanda sei kuti chigadzirwa nokukurumidza uye nyore kugadzirira. It inoshamisa vakawanda kofi vanhu; nekuti kwavari, zvikuru muitiro kugadzirira chinwiwa - yechitendero setsika. Zvisinei, zviri kana kuenda kushanda kukosha nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti mugumisiro. Pashure pezvose, sei pakarepo kofi? Just kudururira upfu pamwe kufashaira mvura. Vanoda inotapira kofi, anodurura mune mukombe shuga vasati achiwedzera mvura. Zvino unogona kudurura zvishoma ruomba kana mukaka. Pakarepo kofi akasunungurwa shure muna 1899. It akasikwa Max Morgentaller, mumwe kemisiti kubva kuSwitzerland. Kubvira ipapo, zvakatora makore anopfuura zana, uye panguva iyoyo kugadzirwa pakarepo kofi haisi akamira. Masayendisiti vakashanda nesimba inonzi anofungidzirwa kunonyanyisa kukaringa chinwiwa anogadzirwa kubva makemikari upfu kuti dzinongoitika brewed kubva milled mbeu.

caffeic blockade

Masayendisiti akataura fuma basa achisimbisa uye "kuda" Chaizvoizvo izvi zvinoshamisa zvinobata. Nyaya dzino dzakatevedzana purine alkaloids, izvo, panzira, kana iwe bikai kunwa kazhinji, muviri kubereka kuyanzva. Caffeine theophylline uye theobromine zvinogona kukonzera kushaya hope uye akasvetuka BP. Naizvozvo, kuti ongororo nemasayendisiti nenzira kuderedza inokanganisa chinonwiwa pamusoro muviri. Mukuita kudaro, vakabatsira nyaya. Imwe ngarava yakatakura kofi kuti Europe, abatwa dutu. Somugumisiro, zviduku makomba gungwa mvura vakapinda munhare uye zvakanaka damped mutoro. Muridzi asingadi kupa sezvinoita kuti uye akatora kofi nyanzvi, kemisiti German Ludwig Rozemusu. Iye amutsvaka zviyo uye akashamiswa kuwana kuti zvokunwa haana kurasa chainaka uye zvinonhuwirira unhu, asi ... zvachose alkaloids vasingadiwi .. Zvino iwe pamwe edza sei kuti decaffeinated kofi. Pashure Rozemus akagamuchira bvumidzwa muUnited States, zvakadai "ngozi" zviyo vari kuzivikanwa munyika yose.

Coffee muRussia

In Ukraine, nokuda Turkish yavaitora kofi kare chakazozikamwa. Asi muna Russia akatanga kupinda chete muushe Alexei Mikhailovich. Zvisinei, ipapo raishandiswa chete sechinhu chinovava mushonga migraine nezvimwe zvirwere. Peter I yokusafa voluntarist nzira kuedza kushandisa 'drink kofiya "mudare. Sezvo vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoti mambo "vakauya pedyo Europe," boyars ake kuti nechisimba akaveura ndebvu dzavo akanwisa dzavo "swill zvinovava." Muna 1703, yokutanga kofi imba yakavhurwa muSt Petersburg. Asi chimiro mvura - kanenge dzokumusorosoro madenderedzwa - ndiye akatanga Empress Elizabeth. Hakusi chete kuparadzwa kofy akawanda, asiwo kunoita kuti ave zvizorwa scrubs.

Coffee Kugadzirwa muRussia akasimbisa pfungwa yakanaka kwazvo. Somuenzaniso, muna Tver Paulig simba fekitari kubva 2011. Pane azere kugadzira kunoita inobva South uye Central America uye India zviyo. Chokutanga, mbishi zvinhu kusarudzwa ndokusanganisa pemipata. Zvadaro mitema michero vari zvakakanyiwa namafuta pakawanda, inotumirwa vachikuya nzira, uye Vacuum akazara.

prozharka

Eya, pakupedzisira, ngatitarisei sei kubika inonaka zvinobata. Chii kofi ndiyo yakanakisisa kusarudza? It zvinoenderana kwaunoenda agadzire chinomwiwa - iri chinyakare Cezve, giza kana Sefa muchina, espresso kana French-wokudhinda. By nzira akazvimirira uye roasting, uye kukuya. Kune madhigirii zvina kupisa pakurapa tsanga. Roasting Air - dukusa. The tsanga vari greenish. Simba - Viennese, French uye wokuItaly. Air roasting rinoshandiswa achigadzirira munhu chinwiwa rechiFrench-Press (chinu chaiyo apo strainer anoparadzanisa paukobvu). Dark, anenge dema "Italian" zviyo anobudiswa kuti espresso michina.

azvikuya

FOR MORE pane zviyo zviduku, ndipo vanopa munuhwi yavo. Kana iwe kubika kofi Cezve (aizivikanwawo crockery ichi - Zimbabwe Turk), unofanira muchikuya zviyo kwazvo duku, muguruva. A Kupwanya zvinonyadzisa tsanga akakodzera French-kwechaunga kana Sefa-mhando kofi Vagadziri. Zvakanakisisa kutenga zviyo zvakakangwa. Pashure pezvose, pasinei Kununura milled upfu, zvakadaro pashure nguva anorasikirwa munuhwi yaro inoshamisa. Kubika inonaka zvinobata, munhuwi iro kurezva ari kwemhino, mhuri yako kwete chete, asiwo vavakidzani, nebwe tsanga pakarepo pamberi kushandiswa.

Kana pane chakanaka pakarepo kofi?

All pamusoro apa anouya dzinongoitika zviyo. Uye sei mukana upfu yakadaro? Anogona kupindura matunhu zvinodiwa kuti varavire munhuhwi? Kwenguva refu drink connoisseurs korasi akadzokorora categorical "Kwete!" Asi zvino, kugadzirwa pakarepo kofi akaita zvimwe mberi. Chokwadi chokuti upfu rwaiwanikwa nenzira mbiri. First - refu tembiricha, anonziwo pfapfaidzo-nokuomesa nzira. Nenguvo dzakarukwa zvakanaka ngaakuyire tsanga zvakaipa zvina o'clock kufashaira mvura pasi kumanikidzwa vanenge gumi atmospheres. Zvadaro, izvi yakasvinwa uye makemikari kofi obsushivayut mhepo inopisa. I vanogamuchira revelation ersatz nembiri zvinobata. A nzira itsva "sublimation" ndiko kuti rakapedzwa makemikari kofi pachioma, aizi wapera. Zvadaro vakayambuka mugero akazvitsaurira apo chando iri Ipwa mu vacuüm it, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda nemvura mamiriro. Nzira Izvi zvinoita kuti tichengetedze ose zvakabikwa rwokuzvarwa kofi.