Mutemo Total Chirungu. Sources oMutemo Chirungu

Munhu evanhu ari. Kureva, zvinogona chete kuvapo mukati munharaunda. Vanhu angangova kurasika pasina kuvapo kukurukurirana. The kudyidzana kwevanhu nhasi regai nguva dzose iri mhiri kungotaura.

Kukurukurirana XXI remakore - ndiyo voruzhinji hukama pakati yakasiyana hunhu. Muchiitiko chino, zviri nekuita vanhu kwose kwose uku inofanira kuchinjwa. Munguva yakawanda vanhu vakatsvaka inonyatsobudirira nevoruzhinji noukama mutsinhanisi. Panguva kutsvaga yava vakaedza vakawanda zvakasiyana masangano. Chokutanga vaiva mhirizhonga uye chitendero. dambudziko ravo chikuru chaiva kutadza kudzora pasi zvimwe ezvinhu.

Somuenzaniso, chete simba vanhu vanogona kukanganiswa pachishandiswa chisimba, asi chitendero anoita pamusoro vatendi. Zvisinei, ruzhinji noukama regulator achiri wawanikwa. Zvakava mutemo. sangano Izvi vakashanduka saka simba kuti XXI remakore yazova imwe huru. Asi kodzero ane zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, panyika, pane shanduro dzakawanda nawo, rimwe riri mutemo Chirungu vari. It kunoratidzwa ne chiito imwe nzvimbo, uye ane yakananga marongerwo uye zvinyorwa.

Kurudyi: mukuru pfungwa

Institute of yepamutemo, enyika, magariro evanhu kana zvimwe zvakasikwa nguva dzose ane pfungwa uye yakananga marongerwo. mutemo Chirungu hazvisi nhungirwa kurudyi kwayo dzekare chimiro. Saka, kuti zvakanaka kuongorora zvose kududzirwa pamutemo hurongwa pakati kuBritish Isles, zvinokosha kufunga kwokutanga nzvimbo yaro. Kureva, unofanira kufunga chii zvakarurama.

Pfungwa iyi ine ukoshi ezvinhu yepamutemo dzemunharaunda, izvo akadzivirira uye inosimbiswa mamiriro, uye anofanira kubatanidza vanhu zvachose vanhu vose. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, kodzero neimwe nyika kunoratidzwa muchimiro nehurongwa, izvo zvinozoita chinosanganisira pamutemo tsika, kuziva uye akaziva.

Key zviri kurudyi

Chero Chiitiko pamutemo kunoratidzwa dzinoverengeka chaiwo zvinhu. Patinotaura zvakananga pamusoro pemurairo, ipapo anewo pane pachake peculiarities ayo. Pari, masayendisiti ingaita kusvika pamusoro zviratidzo regulator dzokusimukira ukama. Zvisinei, pane vakawanda nevakawanda features, hunoita kuvapo zhinji. Tichifunga izvi, zvinotevera huru zvinhu zvaizobatsira kurudyi, sezvinotevera:

• yose yezvinhu mitemo ndiko banal remataurirwo mufambiro, iyo inozivikanwa vanhu vazhinji;
• kwairayirwa hunhu rinoti tsika hurongwa runosvika kune vose uye sundry;
• Hurumende runovimbisa kodzero chiito nokutanga pamutemo kuita;
• kodzero ataure pfungwa uye kuda vanhu;
• Tsika mitemo vakaratidza mumirau mitemo.

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti akapa zviratidzo ndivo kupfuura chaiwo. Kureva, ivo uyewo maitiro namatavi ose mutemo chekare.

mutemo Chirungu: pfungwa

Saka, takazoziva chii dzekare chimiro pamutemo kudzora paruzhinji ukama. mutemo Chirungu mune iyi - ndiko kwegadziriro fanira mitemo muEngland uye Wales, iyo yakaumbwa kare uye ine maitiro ayo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yakadaro pamutemo kuumbwa rutivi nomuzongoza kunyika dzakawanda dzakadai USA, UK uye dzimwe Commonwealth nyika. mutemo Chirungu akapa zvose nharaunda aidzorwa muUK marudzi. Muchiitiko chino, chaizvoizvo zviri kushanda kusvikira nhasi.

Nhoroondo chidzoke mutemo Chirungu

Pfungwa inotungamirwa wegadziriro pamutemo dzemunharaunda kuBritain Isles ane yokuwanda ayo noruzhinji zvinhu. Chokutanga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mutemo "mu Chirungu" yakaumbwa kubva Europe. Kureva, hazvina tipone dzose kuchinja zvave pasi pamutemo mugadziriro dzakawanda Continental nyika. Uyezve, mutemo Chirungu yose ivepo, kuchinja zvaidiwa vanhu.

British pamutemo hurongwa kwaiva kutanga pfungwa muna 1189. Kubvira, dare nyaya kutora chimiro simba mutemo, uye mamiriro yose seboka anova kwose, kwete chete tsivilisticheskoy.

Vazhinji vezvenhau vanoti simba guru paumbwe British rworudyi akanga Norman kukunda England.

Pashure pezvose, rudzi urwu wakapinda nharaunda chitsuwa yakawanda yakasiyana mumatare masangano kuripo kusvikira nhasi.

Kudyidzana nevamwe gadziriro uye matambudziko pamusoro pavo

Chirungu zvakafanana mutemo nguva dzose sei dzepamutemo hurongwa evamwe inoti. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti UK kare mumwe mukuru masimba dzayaitonga. Nokudaro, nyaya dzakawanda, iye akaita mutemo nenharaunda Chirungu zvayo zvikuru chimiro. Kunyange pashure pokuwa yaitonga ezvinhu, nyika dzakawanda kuramba kubvuma mutemo kuBritain sehwaro yavo zviri pamutemo hurongwa. Somuenzaniso, matare muAustralia vari kushingaira kushandisa neizvi akakodzera Hurumende yeBritain. Mienzaniso yakadaro, pane zvakawanda.

Panewo imwe kudyidzana pakati National mutemo Chirungu pamwe dzakawanda indasitiri. Panguva iyoyowo parutivi British ane chinzvimbo yakajeka iri kushandiswa supra-National mitemo. Maererano nomutemo UK, matare anogona kushandisa dzakawanda hunhu mitemo chete kana vari pamutemo zvakananga mabasa zvemukati Hurumende. Somuenzaniso, kodzero dzevanhu mu mutemo Chirungu kudzorwa mitemo International Convention on Norusununguko Runokosha uye zvatinopiwa of Human Rights Act, rakabudiswa muna 1998. Muchiitiko chino, nharungano hunopiwa mitemo rokupedzisira normative gwaro.

Sectoral weboka British pamutemo mamiriro

The Chirungu zviri pamutemo hurongwa rinoumbwa vakawanda maindasitiri. By Fananidzo pamwe Continental repamutemo nemamiriro indasitiri izvozvo inodzora evanhu ukama pakati yakasiyana hunhu. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane vanoverengeka dzakananga zvinhu zvavo pachavo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Chirungu mutemo mhosva chaizvoizvo rakabva mukuru mitemo hurongwa. Kana mhosva havana zvinhu zviviri izvo, akavapindurawo, kunoratidzwa chinangwa uye kuzviitira zvechadenga yezvakaitwa. The chikuru chepfungwa Chirungu wemhosva indasitiri ndiko kushaya munhu waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa chiito.

Pane zvimwe zviri pamutemo maindasitiri muBritish ino, somuenzaniso:

• yepamutemo mutemo;
• administrative mutemo;
• basa kwemauto, uye zvichingodaro. n.

gakava Most Munharaunda sayenzi ndiwo mutemo Chirungu vehurumende. Nekuti kuvapo kwayo kakawanda zviri nyore kuramba.

The chaizvo zviri Chirungu mutemo wehurumende

mutemo Civil muEngland - asiri aripo indasitiri. Kureva, hazvina chiri muchimiro nayo Maiona vanhu venyika yedu. MuUK pane chinyakare weboka pamutemo wemuTesitamende private uye voruzhinji mutemo zvavo. Asi veruzhinji ukama Chokwadi, tiri inodzorwa. Kana kutarira Chirungu vehurumende mutemo pamwe redzidziso rutivi, uye inoitwa zvinotevera dzenhoroondo masangano: pfuma, makondirakiti uye torts.

Property Kodzero mutemo Chirungu nguva dzose yakazadzika zvakananga. Nhasi tinoziva kuti kuMiddle Ages pfuma murau kwakanga zvakakwana chandagwinyira. sangano iri kwatova mumazuva iwayo yakakamurwa kupinda mhando chaiyo uye pasiri paruzhinji. To musi, vakawanda pamutemo Migumisiro kodzero dzevanhu zviri kugara nhoroondo chimiro.

Sources oMutemo Chirungu

Kufanana nevamwe urongwa kuBritain zviri pamutemo hurongwa dzakawanda, ayo hwaro rakanyatsojeka kujairika kuti Continental hurongwa zvinyorwa. Specificity muchiitiko ichi pane nezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, imwe kumbonyanya guru basa reDare enhoroondo kukura kubva Continental zvinofurira. Handiti, mutemo Chirungu agara vakashanduka tisingatungamirirwi. Rakanga negashiro yeRoma pamutemo hurongwa pasina simba.

Saka, guru mutemo Chirungu zvevakomana ndedzinotevera matsime:

• zvaakatonga muenzaniso;
• zviito (mitemo);
• Tsika.

Zvinyorwa izvi zviri kunyorwa kuti pamusoro ukoshi hwavo. Sezvo tinogona kuona, kiyi mutemo Chirungu otorazve zvokutonga muenzaniso.

Muenzaniso - panobva British hurongwa

Rokutonga tsika muEngland panguva dzose, akayanana chaizvo. At paro, muenzaniso - ndiwo zvasarudzwa mukuru muviri, ruramisiro, iro ava kugamuchirwa uye kunogona kushandiswa kana tichifunga zvakafanana zviitiko.

Akadaro rinokosha nokuda chaizvo dzidziso muenzaniso mutemo Chirungu. Maererano naye, dziviriro dare iri nguva dzose kupfuura vakawanda pamutemo hurongwa. Muchiitiko chino, inofanira kuonawo kuti sarudzo chemhando nezvakatongwa zviremera chaizvoizvo vane kukosha mitemo. Muchiitiko chino, zviri zvikuru nyore kushandisa kupfuura dzemunharaunda yemirau pamutemo. Pashure pezvose, vazhinji dzakaonda kunze muenzaniso, mukusiyana kuti zvokudya mitemo. Ivepo bhuku chinovapo mabasa zviremera akadai ndiye raPamusoro Yakwidzwa uye High Court.

Basa mutemo nomurayiro Chirungu

Normative mabasa zvinokosha tsime yose British hurongwa wechipiri. In Continental nyika mutemo, zvinowanisa kurudyi. Translation mu Chirungu netsika substantially alters musimboti ichi. MuUK, mutemo (sezvo dzinonzi kana nemitemo,) vanogamuchirwa, ave mutemo, pahwaro hurumende simba agoverwa neParamende. Muchiitiko chino, mirayiro vane hurongwa rose, izvo kunosanganisirawo omurume magwaro. Zvisinei, kubata mitemo uye jurisprudence muEngland akaita nyore. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, mitemo yetsika zvinoda kusimbiswa uye kunyatsotsanangura. Sepakutanga akataura, mutemo mitemo havana chaizvo, izvo tinoberekwa ari neizvi.

mutemo Chirungu uye tsika

Kuwedzera kune izvi chikuru zvinyorwa pamusoro Chirungu zviri pamutemo hurongwa, panewo chiduku. Ndizvo tsika pamutemo. MuUK, kune nemarudzi maviri chiitiko ichi. The mhando rokutanga - ndiyo yepamutemo tsika. Ivo vanoita kubuda chaizvo basa rinokosha mubishi yose wehurumende. Mushure mubumbiro tsika nekutsanangura zvinoreva kukwanisa hurumende dzakawanda. The mhando wechipiri ndivo tsika inodzora evanhu hukama dzakasiyana hunhu. Asi pane zvimwe zvinhu. Chokwadi kuti tsika dziri UK achapiwa kuzivikanwa kana ane yekare, hunhu yekare. Zvinoitawo anosiyana munzira dzakawanda kubva Chirungu zviri pamutemo hurongwa Continental.

mhedziso

Saka, takurukura kodzero "mu Chirungu." Ino zviri pamutemo wayo dzekare chimiro haana zvakananga analogues munyika. Chirungu mutemo kwemazana emakore anoverengeka mumutsetse zvinobudirira anoita evanhu hukama pakati vanhu. Naizvozvo, vazhinji inoti zvinokosha kuziva zvakanakira zvakadaro kuchinja gadziriro ndiwedzere ayo vezvemutemo hurongwa.