Ndege: mukuru tsananguro uye zvinhu

Kudyidzana pamwe mhepo makore izvo ndege anodzokororwa mumhepo, ane Misiyano kubva ukama mhepo, zvinoratidzwa kubva pepasi. Shoko rokuti "ndege" rinorondedzerwa mitemo kushanda munyika, uyewo ari Chicago Convention. MuRussia, midziyo yose akaronga kuti akavhiyiwa zvinonyorwa kuchiitirwa kuti. Zvinokosha maererano hwakagadzwa mitemo.

Kutsunga ndege

Havasi ndege ose semunhu ndege. Namano kuti kusimudza uye kufamba mudenga chete ndege-vachiwana kana inertia, regai anoshanda kwavari. It ngarava neumwe musimboti kuramba, chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo michina, untethered Balloons.

Washer ndege akakamurwa makirasi. Pazasi ndivo zvihombe:

• A - vakasununguka Balloons;
• In - inopepereswa aerostats (airships);
• C - ndege uye zvimwe;
• S - nzvimbo ndege.

Civil Court (mhando)

Ndege Civil Aviation akakamurwa 2 mhando: Public uye zvokutengeserana mafomu, zvichienderana nechinangwa zvavo kushandisa.

Kana ngarava rinobatanidzwa vendege kuvhiyiwa iri wezvokutengeserana hwaro, uye vanhu mitoro yakasiyana, zviri semhosva mudziyo zvokutengeserana. Kana ndege rinoshandiswa toga kana bhizimisi kufamba, rinoreva zvavo avhiyesheni.

Pari kuwedzera kudiwa yechipiri mhando ndege. Iye vanowanzoda kuita mabasa kuti havagoni kugadzirisa ndege uchishanda dzokutengesa hwaro. Civil ndege kuti vakawanda avhiyesheni kugona kutakura mitoro diki. Rinoshandiswa nenzira avhiyesheni mutambo, nokuti zvekufambisa revashanyi, uyewo zvimwe zvinangwa. ndege ino ane kukwanisa yekudyidzana kuponesa nguva vanhu.

Court of Justice of ndege regai kubhururuka yaizotongwa zvinokubatai-kure uye kumhara ivo havadi Banga guru. Vanhu vezvitendero ichi mhando basa vehurumende avhiyesheni, vangasarudza zvinotevera nzira kunzvimbo yakatarwa, panguva imwecheteyo havafaniri kunyoresa uye rekodhi ndege.

Ndege kurongwa Classified maererano nemarudzi chaicho uremu. Vangave vakareruka kana zvairema kupfuura mhepo nzvimbo. Light Court (chibharuma, dirigible) anogona kukwira mhepo, pasina rubatsiro rinokosha simba chirimwa, uye rinorema (ndege, giraidha) haisi pasi simba. Heavy mhepo midziyo anosiyana marongerwo, vachishandisa yavanoti vanotsigirwa mumhepo.

Kutiza ndege (kupatsanura)

Flights midziyo aya Classified zvichienderana kwavaienda, piloting uye wekushandisa zvinhu (chiridzwa uye kutarisana), dunhu kuita, urefu, nzvimbo uye nguva zuva.

By kugadzwa Vols dzinoiswa se:

• zvekufambisa, vakatakura vanhu uye mitoro zvakasiyana;
• kuita zvemuchadenga basa chokuita nokurima, kuvaka, kuchengetedza uye dzimwe nzvimbo;
• Training yakagadzirirwa mutyairi wendege kudzidzisa;
• Training inoshandiswa kusimbisa ruzivo vezvikepe;
• Kutsvakurudza zvakakodzera nokuti mabasa akasiyana-siyana, uye vamwe.

The dunhu yavanobata vari: Aerodrome, areal, nzira uye kure-Piste.

Urefu Vols akakamurwa kupfuura pamusoro vashomashoma, duku, unosvikirwa, hombe, stratospheric altitudes.

Zvichienderana Zvinhu Nzvimbo pamusoro izvo zvavari anogadzirwa (nebani, makomo, gwenga, mvura Nechepamusoro, polar nzvimbo), Flights vari imwe zvinodiwa.

Zvinodiwa vashandi

The vashandi pamusoro ndege ndiyo anokonzera kwayo kushanda. mamiriro ayo ringaumbwa vanhu venguva mukwende unyanzvi uye vane magwaro zvinodiwa achisimbisa kuti chokwadi. Ndege vashandi inogona kubvumirwa kubhururuka chete kutakura vezvokurapa basa kusarudza, inofanira zvaida kushanda maawa yakadzikiswa.

Vamwe zvinodiwa kuti vakasangana nevanhu vashandi nenhengo vakanyorwa muna Air Code munyika.

Flight vashandi

Mukuru, mufambisi wengarava wechipiri, ndege injiniya kazhinji aircrew nhengo sezvamunoita. Mukuru wamauto ndiye anokonzera kuchengeteka ndege uye vanhu vaivapo mundege. Iye ane kiyi zvose basa kuitwa mungarava ngarava, ane masimba ose anodiwa.

The co-mutyairi ndiye mubatsiri mutungamiri, akakodzera kuita mabasa ake.

Flight Engineer zvakananga monitors mamiriro michina uye midziyo isina mushandirapamwe kuti ndege havaizokwanisa ishande zvakanaka.

zvekushandisa mudonzvo

The chikuru basa ndege vashandi vaiona mutakurwi yakachengeteka kuzvidzora, kuita zviito akarongwa pamurayiro inokosha. Mune chiitiko ane mamiriro ezvinhu rinoshamisa vanhu ava ndivo vari kuita kubvisa kutakura. Uyewo, ndege nevashandi tinosungirwa kusika akanaka ezvinhu vanhu vaivamo ngarava.

Vashandi vari omurume mukuru ndege mushandi, uyo Coordonatele zviito pamwe wavarwi.

The ndege dzose dzinodzorwa nevanhu - Revashandi kana ari kure. Chero nguva, ndege anogona kudzora muitiro basa rake.