Nemamiriro evanhu musana: zano, rokuti huru madhipatimendi. STRUCTURAL zvinhu

The nomuzongoza chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha hurongwa dzemuviri. Pairi, tinovimba uye kurishandisa famba. The curved Maumbirwe musana - kwakavharwa nenyama uye kusanduka, nokuda iyo anzwirwe zvakanga zvakohwewa siyana kuti zvingaitika pasi yokunyanyisa kunetseka. Achibvumira munhu kufamba yakananga uye anoramba musimboti regiravhiti. Munyaya ino tichakurukura nemamiriro womunhu nomuzongoza. Majana chiratidzo, basa, uye anatomi dzinoratidza ayo hwakadzama mhinduro.

mabasa

Spine ane kiyi rutsigiro chaitika. Chimbofungidzira upenyu pasina hazvibviri muviri uyu. Kana basa rake riri kutyorwa, zvino munhu haasi chete asingakwanisi kufamba, asi chete mumire. Kubva ayo mamiriro kunoenderana kunopindirana utano zvakananga. Kana kutarira chimiro yevanhu nomuzongoza (redunhu rokuti kukurukurwa pazasi), zviri kuoneka yaanooneka muchimiro aida kuchinja tsvimbo. Kwaari batanidza pamafudzi mapfupa, maoko nemakumbo. Uyu hwaro zvakakwana muviri wose, nokuti husawedzera musoro, mbabvu, clavicle uye scapula.

The nomuzongoza inodzivirira musana, kubva ane basa kunoenderana nokushanda kwenhengo anokosha hurongwa nenyere. Njodzi, zvakakanganisika, mamiriro yaivhuvhuta kwezvakatipoteredza kukuvadza zvikuru utano. Kubva zvose zvinokonzerwa izvi tiri kufunga kunodzivirira ari skeletal hurongwa. Nemhaka mapfundo yaiva pakati vertebrae, pane sangano. The vertebral mbiru iyo varipo anenge mashanu. Ngationei kudzidza maumbirwo kwevanhu nomuzongoza, dunhu chiratidzo iyo inoratidza kukosha kwayo uye kukosha.

General mamiriro

The nomuzongoza ine madhipatimendi shanu chete wakakodzera nhamba vertebrae. Pazuva sagittal uye frontal ndege , pane dzinokanganisa. Pamusana kwavari, mutoro iri kuparadzirwa zvakaenzana. Makakombama kuuya munzira dzakawanda: ari kuzvimba mberi akadana lordosis, shure - kyphosis, parutivi - scoliosis.

Kana kutarira chimiro yevanhu nomuzongoza, zano, rokuti izvo kunonyanya zvakajeka zvinoratidza ichi, tinoona mairi zvakasikwa makakombama. Zvisinei, vanogona kuva kunyanyisa. Zvadaro kutaura pamusoro Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga. Ipai STRUCTURAL kuvimbika mapfundo, nemarunda uye intervertebral discs, hunoita rakaramba damping kushanda. Ichi yakasiyana nemamiriro evanhu nomuzongoza kunotibvumira famba zvakanaka.

Madhipatimendi ari musana mbiru

Mugore musana mbiru vari madhipatimendi shanu:

• pamutsipa;
• zamu;
• lumbar;
• sacrum;
• tailbone.

The musana mbiru inotanga remuromo nomuzongoza, izvo inomiririrwa convex curvature. Ndiye zvikuru kubvongodzwa, saka munhu anokwanisa kuteura uye tenderera musoro uye mutsipa famba. Izvi kunosimbiswa ne zvikamu zviviri chokutanga. Vane mhete chimiro uye zvakabatanidzwa ne anokosha pezvakaitwa gomba occipital.

Remuromo nomuzongoza anogona kunyanya kunzi. Vatatu pakati vertebrae nomwe vane chinokosha yakarongeka. Pakutanga, isina muviri asi inoumbwa arcs maviri rinovimba dehenya chawo. Uku kunonzi atirasi vertebra. Next pfupa epistrophe chinokosha. Front iye ane odontoid muitiro kushumira nomuzongoza, nokuda iyo rotates ari atirasi. Remuromo nomuzongoza chinonyanya rakafanana muuropi. Inopa zvinoitika kushanda "vachena nyaya." Damage pano kungaita kuti rufu.

Thorax (mu mushonga kunonzi thoracal) curved C-zvakaumbwa. Sezvo zviri chokuita zvakananga rwemberi parusvingo chipfuva nokuda mbabvu izvo vasiyana vertebrae. Ichi nomuzongoza iri basa, zvakare, nokuda napedyo pechipfuva. Asi pano, achiri anokwanisa tilting. Just dhigirii kwavo yekudyidzana shoma zvichienzaniswa nemamwe madhipatimendi. Kurambidza kwebasa mbabvu, nokuti adzivirire anokosha zvomukati dzakadai mumapapu uye mwoyo. The intervertebral discs yakaderera, asi spinous pezvakaitwa - refu zvakakwana.

Lumbar (kana lumbar) rine kupfuura vertebrae. Ari rusununguko ine munyonga zvinyoronyoro unobatanidza sacrum uye thoracal madhipatimendi. Rwose yokumusoro chikamu muviri runonditsikirira pamusoro pake, ndokusaka nezvokuvandudzika basa zvakakomba. Hazvina dhipatimendi ichi pamwechete nechityu anotora mukuru mutoro: vachifamba, achisvetukasvetuka kana kumhanya, ndiye anokonzera rose muviri cushioning. Naizvozvo, muzvikamu izvi kazhinji chichaitika zvokurwara kana kunotevera.

Vaviri repasi nokupesana chete conditionally kunzi vertebrae. The sacrum rine mativi pfupa zvinosanganisira shanu fused vertebrae. Pamusana kwaari, akaita kubatana musana kuti chiuno. Coccyx - ndiwo posvo rakadzika. Chitarisiko Its fananei ane inverted chepiramidhi curved chimiro. Coccyx rinobatanidza nemarunda uye tsandanyama chokuita genitourinary hurongwa. Iye mutoro pamusoro chiuno, ari panguva imwecheteyo, iyo fulcrum. Zvinogona kunzi zvako kanomirira muswe, iyo pamwe midzi pelvic pfupa. Female marangwanda vakasiyana nevanhu muchikamu ichi. Coccyx mapfupa anogona diverge zvishoma usati wakurukura, kuwedzera dhayamita ari maternity chiteshi, nokudaro kufambisa mutoo vose mukadzi ane pamuviri, uye mwana. Below ari mepu wakakwana, iyo inorondedzera muudzame nemamiriro womunhu nomuzongoza. Scheme rokuti mabasa pariri uyewo zviripo.

vertebrae

The nomuzongoza zvinosanganisira vertebrae 24, zvakabatana muna ngaatevedzane mumwe. Ndevenyu:

• remuromo nomuzongoza (zviumbu nomwe);
• zamu (gumi);
• lumbar (shanu).

Mumwe vertebra ane cylindrical chimiro. Uye kunokosha basa rakavimbika mutoro inobereka maatomu akafanana. It ane chimiro ane chinhu chakakombama - imwe denderedzwagama pamwe ichibviswa kubva kurongedza. Pamusoro arc ari vertebral muviri uye buri akasikwa. Achigadzira pamusoro mumwe vertebra, ivo pamwe kusika musana canal, riri munzvimbo musana, tsinga nemidziyo ropa.

intervertebral discs

zvinhu izvi vane sandara dzeraundi muviri ine mvura chaiyo mukati chinoumba uye disk. Sechivako yevanhu nomuzongoza (dhayagiramu rokuti anogona onawo chiripasi), nokuda kwakavharwa nenyama disks kunopa cushioning panguva wehunyambiri kufamba. mhete Fibrous, achinyevera misha yacho vertebrae, runopoteredza musimboti pulposus. It ingaderera nezvirwere zviri nomuzongoza, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange atsamwira, ndokusaka pane intervertebral heniya.

majoini

Manenji hahugoni kuvapo pasina majoini. Ivo kubatanidza vertebrae. The majoini akafukidzwa ganda kumeso, shwashwa, mvongamupopoto hariwaniki nokuda izvo vertebrae marwadzo. Inside majoini imvura dzichifura uye lubricating shwashwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, murume vanodonzva pamusoro uye anotendeuka kwakasiyana-siyana uye zvinoita kuti vamwe kufamba muviri.

mwanda

Mwanda anouya nenzira mbiri:

• shora, kubatanidza chinhu chakakombama;
• shure longitudinal unobatanidza vertebrae muchikamu chino mbiru.

In pamberi Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga, muprista mufambo mukuru mapfundo nemarunda vari kuedza nekure nemotokari. Somugumisiro, pane hypertrophy. Tarisa urongwa hwevanhu musana: zano, rokuti muchiRussia rinotaurwa pazasi. Ndinoonga mufananidzo uri nyore kunzwisisa sei zvikuru ipapo vertebrae uye kuti vanopinda chii dhipatimendi kuti.

tsandanyama

Muscle rinenge wakakomberedza nomuzongoza. Nokuda ichi substantially kunoderedza mutoro uye mukana zvokuimba kukuvara. On the shure pane zvachero kwakadzama tsandanyama. rubatsiro rokutanga kusvika pamafudzi uye kuswatura musana wake. Izvi zvinosanganisira latissimus, trapezius, rhomboid, serratus tsandanyama.

nhengo dzomukati

Inside the musana mbiru ndiye musana, yakapoteredzwa zvikukutu, arachnoid uye akapfava anoshongwa. muviri Izvi zvinobva muuropi uye inoguma musi wokutanga uye chechipiri vertebra muchiuno. Mumwe nomumwe dhipatimendi wake basa dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. basa iri kunosimbiswa nebasa etsinga nomunhu anobva musana uye kutamira zvakananga zvomukati. Tsinga nemidzi uye masero ari musana pane rakakura chitsama. A STRUCTURAL zviri nomuzongoza kuvatendera kuenda kuburikidza intervertebral foramen.

kuchembera

Kufanana chero nhengo yomuviri, kuti musana akwegura ari kukwegura. Bad Miitiro kukanganisa nayo. Nokuda nemvura dampening ehupfumi warasika, uye nemarunda uye mapfupa havachakwanisi kusanduka zvakakwana atange thicken. Degeneration zvingaitika mune nemotokari, ndokusaka dzichiri kusimukira pathologies.

mhedziso

Patinodzidza nemamiriro evanhu nomuzongoza, dunhu zvitupa, anatomi zvinokosha. Nokusaziva ndinoerekana uchifunga kuti, senguva dzose, mune ichi zvinenge yakaoma hapana okushamisira. Mumwe chidimbu anoita ayo basa. Kuva chiduku kubatana, rinopa pamwe nedzimwe nhengo mumuviri wose.

Kuziva sechivako nomuzongoza yevanhu chii, zvinova pachena kuti zvinokosha kuti ape nehanya. A ndakagara mararamiro anoita makakatanwa tsandanyama, zvimwe haana kutsigira nomuzongoza zvachose. rudzi kwakadaro chinokonzera kuti zvimwe zvikamu mutoro kumbotambudzika kunowedzera, uye dzimwe pane pangozi yokukuvadzwa kunyange kana chiduku kuneta.