Features zvenyika ano. Features kukurukura munyika yanhasi

Pakutanga kukurukura kuti aigona kunyange zvishoma kukanganisa zvinoitwa dzinoitwa munyika, zvakakodzera rinotsanangura nemashoko. Pane vaviri chezvematongerwe dzakasiyana nenzira capitalist kugadzirwa kubva nemumwe: musimboti capitalism (ortokapitalizm, kubva Greek - kwechokwadi, yakarurama) uye peripheral capitalism (parakapitalizm, kubva muchiGiriki - pamusoro). Socio-upfumi idzodzo siyana maererano: ortokapitalisticheskaya uye parakapitalisticheskaya.

World nhoroondo nzvimbo

Weboka chenhau nzvimbo kwenyika akatora chimiro kubudikidza pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Miganhu anoreva zvakafanana yemarudzi capitalist maitiro kuburikidza kupatsanura kupinda maviri anoshorana nhoroondo nyika: mumwe wavo - the Western nyika ortokapitalisticheskaya ino, imwe - munyika arikunze, apo pakanga parakapitalizm.

Zvichitevera kukura Vector munyika ano ano, Russia wakapinda mune zvaanoda hurongwa arikunze mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, pamwe nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda, izvo akaumba parakapitalizm.

Zvinoita zviri munyika yanhasi - inofanira kuzvitsinhanisa nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose internationalization. Kusikwa nyika yose zvinenge risingakanganwiki munyika - internationalization ichi. Nyika sociohistorical pave muviri chete. Ndeyokuti izvi - zvakazara zvose vanhu.

Socio-nhoroondo muviri, ane kuberekwa tiri kupupurira zvino boka, nekuti mune imwe schism. Ortokapitalichtichesky pakati, hwokushandisa arikunze - Western nyika. Vakavhiyiwa Peripherals - zororo wenyika. Zvakakurukurwa kukura ano zvachose kuvimba zvechadenga dzinotsanagura paradzanisa ichi. Zviri pasi pose hondo kirasi tiri kupupurira panguva.

Independence mungozi

Mudziyo yeboka rinotonga ndiyo yose mamiriro midziyo, izvo dzokwenyu paumbwe uye hakudzivisiki. The kutonga pakati rokumavirira muzinda uye yezve enyika uye zvoupfumi chaiko rusununguko ose sociohistorical zvipenyu pamusoro arikunze - kunyanya mazuva ano.

Kudyidzana zvinoreva kuti kana nyika dzokuMadokero acharasikirwa mukana kushanda navamwe nyika, vangadai zvirokwazvo kuparadza capitalism. Havazovi sarudzo. Kana kwose capitalism - uye nechepakati uye peripheral - kufa, uyai nguva kuvaka nzanga vangasimudzira yakasiyana mhando.

Zvichida zvichava nzanga pasina chaiyo uye vanoparadza vanhu kune mumwe. Zvichida zvichava chimwe - pasina kupatsanura pedyo nepakati uye arikunze. dzoro kwakadaro zvinhu zvinogona rakafanotaura nokuongorora kukura pezvakaitwa uye zvinoitwa mazuva ano.

Kudyidzana: mukuru kuitika

dzakawanda noukama maitiro kunoratidzwa vachinje pakutanga kwezana XX-XXI emakore. Kudyidzana ari kufambira mberi sezvo kunzwisisa Geo-zvoupfumi, geopolitical uye geogumanitarnyh mananara ane simba rokuchinja upenyu nyika vanobatanidzwa izvi. Kuchinja zviri kuitika munyaya zvose pachena upenyu: magariro, upfumi, dzematongerwe, zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, zvakatipoteredza uye nzira youpenyu.

Point maonero pane zviri kuitika uye nehasha mberi pasi pose, zvakawanda, kunyange akasiyana zvachose vachipikiswa. Vamwe vanoona nengozi kuti nyika zvoupfumi, apo vamwe kuratidza mberi hwenyika uye zvinonyatsorehwa pavapenyu vavanhu, uye nzira iyi inonzi kudyidzana.

Kudyidzana kunochinja nzvimbo uye nguva coexistence kwevanhu. The nzvimbo iri compressed, nguva chakatsikirirwa, miganhu, zvose nenzvimbo uye Inter-mamiriro, anova segirazi. Munhu anonzwa kuti pane kure nzvimbo yake, kunyange kana ari mumwe hemisphere panyika.

More nezvenhoroondo rokuti uye pfungwa

American Nyanzvi Theodore Levitt muna 1983 rokuti "pose" iri rondedzero kwemapazi misika kuti zvinhu zviri TNCs (transnational makambani). The chidzoke iri izwi rwunoverengerwa kuti American nyanzvi Richard Robinson.

Zvisinei, kazhinji akabvuma kuroorwa tsanangudzo Chiitiko kwenyika dzepasi pose yazvino nyika sayenzi haisati yakatanga. Pfungwa imwe evasingatombonamati rairatidza kana vashanduri oga.

Kukura pamusika yose inoita urudzi hupfumi maturo. Nepo haina kuratidzwa chii kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose uye chii vari zvinoitwa mazuva ano kuti achinja kwayo mberi: kuti zvinhu sezvazviri pamusoro spontaneity kana kwaitika, uye zvichida - sangano, chinangwa uye kuunza nyika dzose kune imwe mwero.

The internationalization hwenyika

Chokutanga, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose - soro mwero pakudyidzana zvose zvoupfumi masangano. Wechipiri - kukura kwezvinhu uye yakakwirira makwikwi tichiregeredza kukura mashoko vhoriyamu uye unhu ruzivo, uyewo zvemichina kukura.

Kureva, pamwe nedanho kwemapazi hwenyika kupinda munyika yose, muitiro kwenyika dzepasi pose - ndiko kwaita vanhu sezvo chinokosha chivako. Dudziro wechitatu rokuti - nenzira yenyika kuitira inogadziridza.

Chero zvazvingava, zvematongerwo enyika, zvoupfumi, zvemagariro uye dzetsika munyika dzakasiyana zvinoodza batanidza, sezvo kukura pakudyidzana marudzi, uye munyika yose mumagariro muviri zvishoma nezvishoma anova mumwe. Ndivo zvinhu mazuva ano - social sainzi, kudzidza kudyidzana, anonakidzwa siyana anoranga zvakaoma, ainyatsocherechedza kusonganirana navo mumwe.

Kudyidzana uye Localization

The chikero nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose hama, zvaitika mukati nomumwe kwenzanga uye pakati pemarudzi akasiyana, izvi Anofukidza yose, iri zvishoma nezvishoma kupararira zvazvinoita ndima zvose zvitsva uye vose guru negurumwandira revanhu. Political unhu yanhasi - kudyidzana. 10 kirasi muchikoro chimwe nechimwe chiri kuongorora zvematongerwo enyika sezvo pasocial chinoshamisa. Zvino zvose zvinoshanda pamusoro kudyidzana.

Asi umwe chiito ane counteraction, saka, pamwe nokudyidzana kwenyika, pane zvimwe zvinhu mazuva ano. Social Studies, nokupfupikisa zvaanorumbidza nezvemagariro evanhu, sayenzi enyika uye uzivi, anoti akatarira muitiro kwenyika dzepasi pose zvinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka uye kuratidzirwa localization muchimiro nenzvimbo pahwaro dzematongerwe zvose madzinza uye civilizational masangano. Saka pane zviitiko nemagariro voga muviri pose nomumwe nyaya.

Integrated maitiro wenyika kukura

Kudyidzana Chokwadi, munyika muitiro. The kuwedzera pakudyidzana upfumi munhu nyika, kukura kupanana mabasa, zvinhu, ruzivo, mari, vadyi chichapedza matambudziko - zvokudya, kwezvakatipoteredza, kutama, Demographics - zvose izvi zvimwe zvaiitwa Modern maonero.

Zvisinei, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose haigoni kungoitirwa nyore kuwedzera pakudyidzana zvoupfumi zvinofarirwa nomumwe kunyika. Kunoita pamwechete munzvimbo vose munzanga, zvishoma nezvishoma kunochinja nyika nzvimbo mugomba chete rwokushanyira - muchiuto-enyika, zvemari, informational, tsika nemagariro. Zviri nyore kufamba mashoko, zvinhu, pfungwa, ruzivo uye upfumi.

Features kukurukura munyika ano dzinoratidzwa uwedzere Kuwanikwa kwakaita uye kutungamirira kukura zvenyika munharaunda negadziriro yokuvimbika kwakakwana. Kudyidzana - ane chinangwa muitiro, akagadzirira zvose zvokukura kusimudzira upfumi hwenyika. Zvisinei, zvinonzi kufurirwa ose kuzviitira zvinhu.

The chikuru zviri nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose

Global zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, tsika kusangana uye kubatana - pano inobudisa mazuva ano. Tafura rinoratidza huru zviri kwenyika dzepasi pose.

Ndinoona uye kuyera kwemasayendisiti kwenyika dzepasi pose zvinogona zvakasiyana. Kazhinji, ngativagamuchirei munyika dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kubudirira zvakakomba kutya. Pashure pezvose, rudzi inoti hapana akadzima uye havafi, uye pfungwa pose capitalism hazvimboiti noitika. Countries vane simba upfumi anongoti mberi kutirambidza yaibvira, nekuti ikozvino havana vanobatanidzwa yose zvoupfumi muitiro pasi ezvinhu wakakwana pasi zvinodiwa nemakambani makambani. Zvakare, izvi zvimwe zvaiitwa ano. Muchidimbu nokupfupikisa, tinoratidza muenzaniso kuti kunoitika somugumisiro.

uyezve, Somuenzaniso, Greece haabvumirwi Export yeMharidzo mafuta European Union kuti muorivhi, iye anomanikidzwa kutenga Dutch madomasi, pepper nehanyanisi. Nokuti Dutch muriwo isingadhuri, kuipa, uye ivo vanobvumirwa kuti aivigirwa. Zvinotaurwa vagari jeka Greece kushivirira kutenga muriwo kubva dzekuchamhembe - unogona kufungidzira. Asi chinhu chakakosha ndechokuti upfumi Greece raMwari haritauri kukunda mune kwomubatanidzwa uyu zvachose.

matambudziko Global

matambudziko Global vari siyana, asi vane specificity vanoverengeka nevakawanda zvinhu.

• Nematambudziko nyika, kuti ndiye akakodzera kuti zvido nokutapwa vanhu vose.
• Nokutyisidzirwa yebudiriro kwevanhu.
• Matambudziko vanoda kukurumidza kuitwa mhinduro.
• Matambudziko chokuita nomumwe.
• Matambudziko zvinoda kwemajoini chiito vomunyika dzakawanda.

Somuenzaniso, zvinetso urombo, underdevelopment, zvombo, kudzivirira hondo yenyukireya, zvokudya, simba uye pakugadzira zvinhu, zviwanikwa, zvakatipoteredza, vanogara, emunhu - kunyanya mazuva ano. Social Studies muchidimbu formulates zvinetso zvevanhu, kusanganisa vave mapoka matatu.

• Intersotsialnye matambudziko: maoko rudzi, kuti backwardness dzimwe nyika, kuchengeteka uye zvichingodaro.
• Nezvinetso socio-wevanotungamirira: urombo, vagari kukura, chirwere, zvokudya uye zvichingodaro.
• Zvinetso mumagariro uye zvakatipoteredza: pakugadzira zvinhu, nzvimbo ubanguranyika, kusvibiswa uye zvichingodaro.

Vanhu hapana akanyatsovimbika nzira kudzivisa njodzi pasi pose. Uye kutyisidzira inongogara kuwedzera nokuda kuitwa siyana evanhu zvigadziriswe uye ezvirevo munzanga. Somuenzaniso, ugandanga dzakawanda pachena kunoda hondo kuzorwa naro yose nyika munharaunda. Features kukurukura munyika ano kare kubvumira chimuko kuita mirayiridzo iyi.

Dambudziko rwokusarudza

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti kudyidzana zvichabatsira vapfumi nyika uye pakupedzisira vaparadze varombo. Pamwe izvozvo. The dambudziko revanhu zvino pakuti havasati vawana neglobalisticheskogo yemapuraneti chirongwa. Anogona kudzivisa kudyidzana kuburikidza pakusika omunharaunda Inter-ehurumende uye dzomunyika idzodzo.

Zvichida ivo achasika yanhasi vatungamiriri venyika, akadai China, India, Latin America uye Chokwadi, Russia. dambudziko ravo kuumba zvakafanana yemapuraneti kuvimbika, uye kuvimbika kudiwa yokuumba kuti achengetedze yenyika unhu uye ndiani mumwe rudzi tsika. Basa Iri vapamatunhu mweya!

Global cataclysms kuitika kazhinji nokuda kushayikwa kuongorora magene uye nhoroondo nemidzi mumwe rudzi uye munhu ezvoupfumi hurongwa, uyewo zvose yose zvoupfumi nzvimbo, zvinoda kunyatsotsanangura kuongorora kwavo hwedzidziso yekurarama mamiriro.

nyika imwe neimwe ine pachavo National nemagene code, uko kunofanira kushandiswa pakunyora urongwa yose nzira nokuda yakawiriranwa vapone. Chokwadi, nzira iyi, inobva zvoupfumi mamiriro, hwaro National chivakwa zvinhu, vanofanira kupa kugara kwebasa upfumi kumusoro.

Kukura youpfumi neimwe nyika iri sei kudyidzana, kukura kwoupfumi zvinotora zvakasikwa hunhu, sezvo ayo chazvo, kwete chete kwoupfumi uye kwesayenzi, asi pakunamata, uye tsika. Features kukurukura munyika ano kubvumira interpenetration chero urongwa.

Zvisinei, upfumi hwenyika yose yose angangotadza kuva nokudenga. Naizvozvo, unofanira kuita vanetsane - kuchinja vakawanda pasi pose uye masangano munyika dzakasiyana zvoupfumi. Tsika haagoni kutadzisa chidzoke kwenyika dzepasi pose, ivo chete kudzivisa incitement kuti nyika kukakavara dzemadzinza chikonzero.

Unogona kuona sei zvinobudirira yakatanga upfumi China, kunyange zvazvo vakakwanisa kuramba zvose zvetsika masangano. Pfungwa itsva youmambo akaratidza kwazvo chine musoro, aivawo nzira chaiyo kukuponeswa yose Western globalism uye dzidziso kune unipolar nyika.

About Russia - shoko chairo. Kudyidzana pezvakaitwa sei pamusoro wake, uye iye achava chete sarudzo rinokosha. Ane chinangwa chinokosha nokuti ndipo zvichaitirwa zvichabviswa vakasarudza, uye yokuRussia ehurumende, uye vanhu vanogara munharaunda yayo, uye pamwero mukuru - remangwana yose nyika.