Shagal Mark: Mifananidzo nemazita okuremekedza. Mark Shagal: okugadzira zvinhu

Muna 1887, July 7, akaberekwa chinotevera nyika-kirasi Artist Shagal Mark, ane mifananidzo yose remakore rechi20, akagarisa kuvhiringidzika uye rinofadza vashanyi vakawanda kuratidzira, iyo yakaratidza mifananidzo yaiva yakakurumbira chains-garde Artist.

The kutanga okusika nzira

Moishe kuti muduku, vabereki vake pakutanga rainzi, yakaitwa muguta Vitebsk. baba vake akashanda ari loader pamusika hove, amai akaramba zviduku bhenji, sekuru aiva Cantor musinagogi revaJudha. Pashure pokupedza kudzidza pachikoro rechitendero chechiJudha Mozisi apinda jimunasiyamu, kunyange vaJudha vaisabvumirwa kupinda zvikoro Russian mune tsarist Russia. Zvechokwadi, zvakanga zvakaoma kudzidza nenzira mugari ezvinhu. Ndadzidza kwemakore mashoma, akabva chikoro uye akava rokuzvipira pahofisi "School dzinocherwa uye kupenda Artist Pan." Mwedzi miviri gare gare, Va Peng, akarova tarenda jaya akapa kwaari dzidzo akasununguka pachikoro.

Young Artist redrew hama dzake dzose uyewo, akatanga kunyora Portraits vagere Vitebsk. Saka, zviri unyanzvi nyika akaoneka inopenya yepakutanga painter Shagal Mark, ane mifananidzo achakurumidza kutenga zvakanakisisa mamiziyamu munyika. Ainziwo, kana kutoti zita idzva, pari iye tega pachake. Moishe aiva Mark, uye Chagall - shanduko Segal, kubva nokutora rababa.

Northern guta

-Gore maviri Mark vakasarudza kugara panzvimbo imwe uye nokukurumidza akaenda St. Petersburg, vachitarisira kuramba kudzidziswa kwake ikoko kupenda. The mari akanga, uyezve, discriminatory Russian mamiriro gwara kune vaJudha vakaita pachayo akanzwa. Vanogara kuchamhembe guru vaiva pamusoro urombo mutsetse, kupona pamusoro shamisa mabasa. Zvisinei, Chagall haana mwoyo, akafara kuva maelstrom iri mifananidzo youpenyu St. Petersburg. Zvishoma nezvishoma, iye akaumba denderedzwa anobatsira vokukurukura pakati rechiJudha muvanhu, uye shamwari itsva vakatanga kubatsira vechiduku Artists.

Shagal Mark, ane mifananidzo nenguva isipi aionekwa senhume itsva surrealist manyorerwo, edza kukudziridza kwavo munhu akazvimiririra uye haana kutevera kazhinji akagamuchira canons kuti kupenda. Uye, sezviri kuratidzwa upenyu pashure, akanga asarudza yakarurama. In mangwanani mabasa womufananidzo akaita kurondwa tarenda rengano uye dimikira mifananidzo. Zvose zvakanyorwa nguva iyi Mark Shagal mifananidzo nemazita okuremekedza: "The Holy Family", "Rufu", "Birth" - vari mutungamiriri mienzaniso kujairika maitiro. In ichi rokupedzisira wenyaya, nezve mwana munyika, kunooneka mabasa Chagall kakawanda, ari mhirikiro siyana. Zvisinei, nguva dzose, mumwe mukadzi ari kusununguka akaratidzwa muenzaniso wakanaka, inova muduku kukosha vamwe vatambi, vanhuwo zvavo, mbudzi, mabhiza zviri kumativi. Zvisinei, ichi ndicho Chiitiko ounyanzvi kubudikidza Marc Chagall, akakwanisa kugadzira nemaziso mashoko kuitira kuti ivo pakarepo vakatanga kudzora revanhu. Tired mai vatsva uye nyamukuta vane mwana mumaoko ayo mune dzimwe isinganzwisisiki obyurazom yakava muzinda mufananidzo.

Kujairirana Lvom Bakstom

Nepo St. Petersburg, Shagal Mark, vane mifananidzo kunge anokwezvwa kuwedzera kuteerera rokunyika voruzhinji, akaramba zvidzidzo zvake pachikoro voga ounyanzvi Seidenberg apo kuita basa nyore mumagazini vechiJudha "Sunrise" kuti ape zvokudya zvavo pachavo. Gare gare, iye akasangana Lvom Bakstom, Zvantseva mudzidzisi wechikoro, iyo vakaita mutsindo basa kutapwa the artist. Chagall kuendavo hurukuro painter Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, izvo akwezvwe ave shasha zvinhu zvitsva unyanzvi.

Muchirimo 1910 panguva debut kuti Marc Chagall - mifananidzo yake muchirongwa yokutanga zuva, iro hwakarongwa vapepeti "Apollo". womufananidzo Nguva pfupi asati chiitiko ichi akasangana mukadzi hwake, Bella Rosenfeld. Love rakamuka pakati pavo pakarepo, uye nguva inofadza kwakatora maviri kusvikira zuva apo vechidiki akawana uye vakatanga kugara pamwe chete. Muna 1916 Vaviri aiva mwanasikana uyo ainzi Ida.

Kutamira Paris

Muzhizha 1910 mutevedzeri Bamba Vinaver, philanthropist uye hombe kukuchidzira yakaisvonaka Arts, Chagall yaizobhadharirwa akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kudzidza muParis. Guta guru France akasangana Mark affably, akava shamwari pamwe painter Ehrenburg uye kubatsirwa akatora Studio muna Montparnasse. Chagall akanyora usiku masikati akarasika rakaremberera, Salons uye kuratidzira, rokutora zvinhu zvose zvine chokuita unyanzvi guru kupenda.

Masters of kwezana remakore rechi20 vava muenzaniso muduku Artist. Great Cezanne, Van Gogh, Pol Gogen, Delacroix - mumwe wavo nechido Chagall anoedza kudzidza chimwe chinhu pachavo. chipangamazano wake kuSt Petersburg, Lev Bakst, kamwe kuona Parisian mifananidzo yose mudzidzi wake, akati nechivimbo kuti "zvino vose mavara vanoimba." Paintings kubudikidza Marc Chagall, mufananidzo izvo akapa papeji, mudzidzisi wako nokutsigira zvakazara.

rokusika kuchengetedzwa

nokukurumidza Chagall akatamira mu "The Hive", rudzi Parisian arttsentr, iyo Taigamuchira kuti murombo kushanyira vemifananidzo. Pano, Mark akasangana vadetembi, vanyori, vemifananidzo nezvimwe bohemians komusoro French. avo mabasa ose kuti akanyora ari "Hive" Mark Shagal (mifananidzo nemazita okuremekedza: "Fiddler," "reKarivhari", "Kuzvitsaurira kuna mwenga wangu", "Maonero Paris nepahwindo"), akava "kudana kadhi". Zvisinei, pasinei zvizere kuitwa pamwe Parisian zvinoyevedza kwezvakatipoteredza, yokudhirowa haakanganwi pamusoro wake chizvarwa Vitebsk, uye pendi: "Vakatengesa mombe", "ini Village", "yemumhino".

mangwanani Works

Chimwe chezvinhu asingakanganwiki mifananidzo iri "hwindo. Vitebsk", zvakanyorwa manyorero "mano nounyanzvi" kana "primitivism", yakavatevera mukutanga nguva basa rake Mark Shagal. "Hwindo. Vitebsk" akasikwa 1908 apo nyanzvi yokudhirowa yakanga ichangotanga kudzidza uchenjeri "chinyakare maitiro".

Mumakore mashomanana kupedzerwa Paris, Mark Shagal akanyora vanenge makumi matatu mifananidzo uye anopfuura 150 watercoloured. Ose basa akadzingapo kuna Berlin kuti unyanzvi inoratidzirwa muna 1914, rwakazokura ake chikuru kubatsira kuita zviri unyanzvi nyika. Vateereri vakafara nokuda mifananidzo yose Chagall. Berlin Artist aienda kuenda kwake chizvarwa Vitebsk kuona Bella, asi chaitadzisa pakarepo kutanga World War First.

The mberi kutapwa the artist

Mark Zaharovich Shagal, vane mifananidzo vava kuzivikanwa, akasunungurwa kubva uto ubate. Friends akabatsira kuwana nzvimbo muchiuto-maindasitiri dhipatimendi St. Petersburg, uye kwenguva yakati womufananidzo akanga inopiwa redzimba uye mabasa. Chagall Mifananidzo munguva inonetsa izvi zvakanga kunyanya yokushanda zvakaoma uye ona zvinhu sezvazviri. "Hondo", "Window kumaruwa", "Mutambo waMatumba", "Red muJudha" - mashoma pamusoro mifananidzo, izvo zvakasikwa munguva yehondo. Artist yoga lyrical nhevedzano emifananidzo akasikwa, "Walk", "Pink Vanoda", "Birthday", "Bella chena chipika". Mifananidzo iyi inomiririra chete chiduku cheefa rakakura munhevedzano mabasa ake pakati World War First.

"Famba"

Mumwe yakakurumbira mabasa yokudhirowa, iye akasika muna 1918. Post-echimurenga manzwiro, kutenda ramangwana rakajeka, muchirezvana vechidiki rudo - izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa pamusoro kanivhasi. Mwoyo iri itsva zvemagariro tsika neDare nyika haisati yasvika, kunyange zvazvo yakanga vhuu. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe vateveri vakatendeka zvikuru nevatambi vatsva kuti nguva yakanga womufananidzo Mark Shagal. "Famba" - mufananidzo uri netariro, izere netariro yakajeka, vatambi havasi kufunga pamusoro kunaka. Mukadzi anofananidzirwa pamusoro kanivhasi, akayangarara pamusoro chokwadi, jaya, zvakare, akagadzirira kuwana kure pasi.

basa Chagall kwakaita 1917-1918

Artist akafuridzira echimurenga zviitiko Petrograd. Iye, kufanana vazhinji kuchamhembe guru intelligentsia, akanzwa mhepo yakachena shanduko uye vakatenda kusakundika yavo. Petersburg vemifananidzo, vanyori, vanyori vakatora kusimudzira nzira itsva youpenyu, uye mumwe wokutanga panhengo iyi mu anoshevedza kuenzana kwevanhu vose, akanga Mark Shagal. Paintings "Pamusoro City," "Hondo mumuzinda - the zvirindo nyika" uye dzimwe mifananidzo iyi nguva zhinji anoratidza chido the artist chokusika.

Bella uye maruva

A kanoda the artist anotora mufananidzo rwakazvitsaurira kuna mudzimai wake waaida, uyo kamwe akamuunzira maruva kuzokorokotedza nezuva rekuberekwa kwake. Pasina kurasikirwa wechipiri, vaimhanyira kune easel. Vabayiwa pamwoyo, yokudhirowa akaedza akakunda nguva yakanaka pamusoro kanivhasi. Izvi zvakanga zvose Mark Shagal. "Birthday" - mufananidzo akasikwa panyaya maminitsi ari muchimiro gadzira, uye ipapo dzakachinjwa. Akava mumwe vakanakisisa kuunganidzwa the artist. Paakanga vakati, kufemera anouya kwemaminitsi mashoma, zvakakosha kuti musazvipotsa.

zvinzvimbo

Muna 1918, Mark Zaharovich Shagal, vane mifananidzo zvadzidzwa pfuma Vitebsk dunhu, zviri mvumo kuti Arts anemasimba komiti vemo. The Artist varatidza unyanzvi yesangano, iye yakashongedzwa Vitebsk pazuva musi unoenderana October Revolution, akasiyana-siyana mireza, mireza uye mireza. "Art kune vakawanda!" - akadaro aiva sirogani ake.

Muna 1920, Mark Shagal akatamira Moscow pamwe Bella uye muduku Ida, apo akatanga kushanda mumunda munharaunda yekutambira. Mumazuva chakaipa nzira dzebhizimisi kuumba zvemaoresa kudzokorora zvayo nzira okusika nokuda Chagall zvesimba panguva mudzi, kuedza pedyo "echimurenga" manyorero itsva kupenda. Party zviremera vakaedza kakawanda kuunza womufananidzo parutivi rwake, asi sezvo Chagall akanga atova kuzivikanwa somunhu tenzi nyika-kirasi mumakwenzi, kuedza izvi havana kubudirira.

kushorwa

nokukurumidza makakatanwa pakati rusununguko-rudo Artist uye yechiKomonisiti utungamiri, dzikava akazaruka nharo, uye Mark Shagal vokuSoviet vakasiya munyika nemhuri yake.

Berlin akava guta rokutanga European, izvo akagadzirisa Marc, Bella uye Ida. Artist kuedza kuwana mari ive pashoo muna 1914 akauya pasina, vakawanda mifananidzo akanyangarika. Chagall akadzokera Mifananidzo mitatu chete asi gumi nevaviri watercoloured.

Muzhizha 1923, Mark tsamba kubva Paris shamwari yake yekare, anokoka kuti vauye guru French. Chagall anouya, uye ikoko ari kumirira mumwe mwoyo - mifananidzo kuti kamwe zvasara "Hive" uyewo anyangarika. Zvisinei, nyanzvi yokudhirowa asingadi mwoyo, otanga kuzodzosera kunyora ounyanzvi dzavo. Uyezve, Mark Shagal anopiwa mukana kubva muparidzi chikuru chinoratidza mabhuku. Anotanga nemashoko yokufungidzira "Dead Mweya" by Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya uye zvakakwana kuzvigona basa.

rwendo Family

Income Chagall akasimbiswa, uye iye nemhuri yake anotanga kuenda kunyika dzokuEurope. Uye pakati Reisen womufananidzo akanyora mifananidzo yake usingafi, izvo kuva kupenya kupenya, "Double Portrait", "Ida pahwindo," "Upenyu musha." Kuwedzera mifananidzo, Chagall mubasa pokuenzanisira bhuku "La Fontaine kuti ngano."

Muna 1931, Mark Shagal akashanyira kweParestina, anoda kuona nyika yemadzitateguru avo. Mwedzi mishomanana, iyo yokudhirowa yakanga iri Holy Land, akamanikidzwa achinje mafungiro ake upenyu. Bella uye mwanasikana Ida, waiva pedyo, nyasha ichi. Kare muna Paris, Chagall riri Zvinongova mienzaniso yomuBhaibheri.

Kutamira America

Mukupera thirties, kutiza yokuGermany vaNazi, mhuri Chagall kwakaita vakatama kuUnited States. Uye kamwe zvakare - kushanda chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo girl, nguva ino Russian kutamba. Igor Stravinsky akabva angoramba basa Chagall uye Picasso vakasarudza yokunyora nokudhirowa, chikuva zvokupfeka asi vakanyora Mark kunge kwariri.

Hondo iri Europe iri chipatapata, kunyange zviri pachena kuti ari Third Reich vakakundwa. Muzhizha ra1944 anouya mashoko akanaka - Hitler vava kuda mapfumo. Asi mukupera August, Marc Chagall waparadza njodzi, muchipatara pakarepo anofa sepsis Bella. The Artist anorasikirwa zvinoreva upenyu nokuchema, asi inotsigira uye anobatsira asara mwanasikana Ida. mipfumbamwe chete pashure pemwedzi Chagall anotora muruoko. Zvino unowana ruponeso basa pendi masikati nousiku. Creative zvinodiwa the artist kwakamubatsira vapukunyuke kurasikirwa hasha.