Nheyo yekushanda kwechikwata. Motokari clutch device

Kushanda chikamu chikamu chemoto chero ipi zvayo yemazuva ano. Icho chinhu chinotakura pazvinhu zvose zvakakura uye zvinokonzera. Especially high voltage testing devices on cars with manual transmission. Sezvaunenge watoziva, munyaya yanhasi tichakurukura nheyo yekushanda kwekambani, yakagadzirwa uye chinangwa.

Unhu hweiyo element

Kushanda ibasa rinoshandisa simba rinoshandura mutambo pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvemotokari: injini uye gearbox. Inoumbwa nedzimwe disks. Zvichienderana nemhando yekushandiswa kwesimba, izvi zvinokonzerwa zvinogona kuva hydraulic, friction kana electromagnetic.

Kusarudzwa

Automatic clutch yakagadzirirwa kukanganiswa kwenguva pfupi kwekutsvaga kubva kune injini uye kushambadzira kwayo kwakanyatsonaka. Chinodiwa icho chinobva apo sangano rinotanga. Kugadziriswa kwenguva pfupi kwemotokari uye bhokisi re gear rinodikanwa pakugadzirisa kushanduka kwechimbichimbi, pamwe nekukanganiswa kamwe kamwe nekumira kwemotokari.

Apo motokari iri kufamba, clutch system inowanikwa mune iyo nzvimbo. Panguva ino, inoshandura simba kubva injini kuenda kubhokisi rejeri, uye inodzivirirawo magwaro emagetsi kubva pamitoro yakasiyana-siyana. Izvo zvinomuka mukutumira. Nokudaro, mutoro uri pauri unowedzera sezvo injini inobhururuka, apo clutch inoshanduka pakarepo, iyo yakagadziriswa inoderedzwa, kana kana motokari ikarohwa nemugwagwa usina kufanira (masango, mapundu, nezvimwewo).

Kurongedza kuburikidza nekukurukurirana kwezvikamu zvinotungamirira uye zvinotungamirirwa

Kuroorana kunotsanangurwa nezvikamu zvakawanda. Mhando dzemhando dzakatevera dzinozivikanwa nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvinotungamirira uye zvinotungamirirwa:

• Frictional.
• Hydraulic.
• Electromagnetic.

Nechimiro chekuedza kushanda

Maererano neizvi, mhando dzekubatanidza dzakasiyana:

• Iri nechepakati chemvura.
• Centrifugal.
• Nezvitubu zvemhepo.
• Semi-centrifugal.

Nehuwandu hwemhepo inotungidzirwa yehurongwa kune maitiro e-single,, maviri-uye-multi-disk.

Nechiratidzo chekutya

• Mechanical.
• Hydraulic.

Mhando dzose dzepamusoro dzakapetwa (kunze kwei hundred centrifugal) dzakavharwa, kureva, dzinogadziriswa zvachose kana kupfurikidza nemutyairi paanenge achikurumidza kufamba, kumisa uye kubvambura motokari.

Parizvino, kupesana kwemhando dzesangano zvakanyanyozivikanwa. Zviyero zvakadai zvinoshandiswa zvose pamotokari nemamori, pamwe chete nemabhazi maduku, mashizha uye makuru.

2-disc tsvina inoshandiswa chete pamatareji makuru emagetsi. Izvo zvinowanikwawo mumabhazi makuru. Multiple-disk drives haisi kushandiswa nema automakers panguva ino. Pakupedzisira, vaishandiswa pamakoro makuru. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti magadzirirwo emagetsi haashandiswi sechinhu chakasiyana pamakamuri emazuva ano. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, vaishandiswa mumabhokisi emotokari, asi bedzi pamwe chete nechisungo chakasungirirwa chinoputika.

Sezvokugadzirisa magetsi, haisi kushandiswa zvakanyanya munyika nhasi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokusanzwisisika kwekugadzirwa kwavo uye kugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa.

Nheyo yekushanda kwe clutch ne mechanical drive

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti node iyi ine mhando imwechete yekushanda, pasinei nenhamba yehairi yekutengesa uye rudzi rwekusimbiswa kwezvakasikwa. Izvo zvakasiyana ndeye rudzi rwekutya. Yeuka, inogona kuva magetsi uye hydraulic. Uye ikozvino tichakurukura chirevo chekushanda kwekambani ine mechanical drive.

Tsamba iyi inoshanda sei? Mumamiriro ekushanda, kana clutch pedal isingagunzwi, disk inotungamirwa inogadziriswa pakati pepani yepini uye fukiti. Panguva ino, kuendesa kwemasimba ekumanikidzwa kusvika pamumvuri kunokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwe simba. Apo mutyairi anomanikidza rutsoka pamakumbo, kambani yekutch inotsika mudengu. Uyezve, hover yacho inotenderera ichienderana nechikwata chayo chokubatanidza. Mushure mokudaro, kuguma kusununguka kweforogo inotanga kusungirirwa pakutakura kusunungurwa. Iyo yekupedzisira, ichienda kune shiri dzinofamba, - shandisa pamahwendefa, izvo zvinokonzera kupinza kweplate. Panguva ino, nhengo inotungamirirwa inosunungurwa kubva pamasimba ekudzvinyirira uye naizvozvo clutch inodzingiswa.

Uyezve, mutyairi akasununguka anoita kuti gear ishanduke uye anotanga kusunungura clutch pedal. Mushure meizvi, hurongwa hunoita zvakare muranda anotyaira nemhepo. Sezvo pedal isunungurwa, clutch inotenderera uye kumira kwe shafts kunoitika. Pashure penguva (mashomanana emaminitsi), node yacho inotanga kugovera torque kujini. Ikokupedzisira inotungira mavhiri nemhepo. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti clutch cable iripo chete pane nodes ine mechanical drive. Izvo zvinyorwa zvekuvakwa kweimwe sangano zvicharehwa muchikamu chinotevera.

Maitiro ekushanda kwe clutch ne hydraulic drive

Pano, kusiyana nekamberi yekutanga, kuedza kubva pakushambadzira kusvika kumagetsi kunoparidzwa kuburikidza nemvura. Iyo yekupedzisira inowanikwa mune mapaipi chaiwo uye magirairi. Chigadziro chemhando iyi ye clutch chinenge chakasiyana nemichina. Pamugumo wakarongerwa wehairi yekutengesa kwekutengesa uye kusungirirwa kwesimbi kunokonzerwa nemhepo, 1 danda rebhuka rakaiswa.

Mukati meimba kune chitubu chinonzi radial petal. Inoshumira sekusunungurwa kwevhisi. Iyo yekudzora pedal ndiyo inomiswa pamakisikiti kumakanda emuviri. Inosungirirwawo pusher ye master master cylinder pamubatanidzwa wakabatana. Mushure mokunge node yacho ichinjwa uye kutengesa kushanduka, chitubu chine radial lobes chinodzokera kumucheto kusvika panzvimbo yayo yepakutanga. Nenzira, clutch scheme inoratidzwa mumufananidzo kurudyi.

Asi hazvisi zvose. Muchigadzirwa chegungano, pane zvose madiki clutch uye kushanda clutch cylinder. Nokugadzirwa kwavo, zvose zviri zviviri zvakafanana zvikuru kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvose izvi zvinosanganisira muviri mukati umo pane piston uye pusher inokosha. Pangangodaro mutyairi achinyanya kushambadzira, tenzi wejikoni yekimboni inobatanidzwa. Pano, nerubatsiro rwepusher, piston inofamba mberi, kuitira kuti kuwedzera mukati kuwedzere. Kurwisana kunotevera kwemvura kunokonzera kuti mvura inopinda mukati meiri cylinder iri kushanda kuburikidza nechigadzirwa chekubuda. Nokudaro, nokuda kwechiito chepusher paki uye unit inodzima. Panguva iyo mutyairi anotanga kusunungura pfupa, mvura inoshanda inodzoka zvakare. Ichi chiito chinotungamirira kumubatanidzwa we clutch. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa sezvizvi. Kutanga, vheji yekuvhara inotanga, iyo inomiririra chitubu. Zvadaro zvinouya kudzoka kwemvura kubva kumhepo yakashanda kusvika kune imwe huru. Pangosangana nhamo mukati maro inenge isiri pasi pemhepo yakasimudzika, iyovhavha inovhara, uye iyo inogadzira zvinodhaka zvakanyanya . Uku ndiko kuenzana kwezvimwe zvipingamupinyi zviri mune imwe chikamu chehurongwa.

Ndeupi musiyano pakati pemotokari mbiri?

Kubatsira kukuru kwemashandisirwo ane mechanical drive ndiyo kuve nyore kwekugadzira uye nyore nyore kugadzirisa. Zvisinei, kusiyana nevamwe vavo, vane unyanzvi hwepamusoro.

Hydraulic clutch (Mufananidzo uri pasi apa), nokuda kwekushanda kwepamusoro, inopa kuwedzera kushanduka uye kubuda kwezvinhu.

Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwehupfumi rwakanyanya kuoma zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwayo, nekuda kwezvavasina kuvimbiswa mubasa, zvimwe zvakanyanyisa uye zvinodhura mukuchengetedza.

Chidimbu chezvikwata

Chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zvechikwata ichi ndechekukwanisa kukurukurira simba remaviri. Kuti uongorore chinhu ichi, pfungwa ye "clutch stock factor" inoshandiswa.

Asi, kuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvikuru zvinoratidzira chimwe nechimwe chemashini, zvimwe zvinodiwa zvinowanikwa kune ino, iyo inofanira kuonekwa:

• Smoothness of inclusion. Paunenge uchishandisa motokari iyi parameter inowanikwa nehutano hwakakodzera hwezvinhu. Zvisinei, mamwe mazwi ezvo zvakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kuwedzerwa kwekunyatsotarirwa kwekuiswa kwegungano rekambati, kunyange nehuwandu hwekudzidzira mutyairi.
• "Chenatsa" kuvhara. Iyi parameter inoreva kubviswa kwakakwana, umo iyo simba rinoshandiswa pamusana wemiti inoenderana nezero kana pedyo nayo.
• Kutendeseka kwekutendesa kwemasimba kubva pakuendesa kune injini pasi pemhando ipi zvayo yekushanda uye yekugadzirisa. Dzimwe nguva, kana kukosha kwekuchengeteka kwechokuita kwakanyanya kwazvo, clutch inotanga kupera. Izvo zvinotungamirira pakuwedzera kwacho kupisa uye kupfeka kwezvenhoroondo yemagetsi. Iyo yakakwirira iyi coefficient, iyo yakawanda mashoma uye zviyero zvechidimbu. Kazhinji kacho kukosha uku kunenge 1.4-1.6 kwemotokari uye 1.6-2 pamakumbo nemabhasi.
• Kunaka kwevatungamiri. Izvi zvinotarisirwa kuti zvive zvese zvekutonga kwemotokari uye zvinotsanangurwa nenzira yechimiro chechirwere chekucheka uye chiyero chekuedza kunoda kubvisa zvachose clutch. Parizvino muRussia, pane 150 uye 250 N muganhu wemotokari dzine simba guru uye pasina ivo, maererano. Iyo pedal inowanzo kazhinji haina kudarika 16 masentimita.

Mhedziso

Saka, tafunga nezvechigadziro uye chirevo chekushanda kwechikwata. Sezvaunogona kuona, node iyi inokosha zvikuru pamotokari. Kubatsira kwayo kunobva mukushandira kweyo motokari yose. Nokudaro, usabvarura bhokta, uchibvisa rutsoka kubva pamakumbo paunenge uchityaira. Kuti uchengetedze tsanangudzo yehuwandu hwakawanda sezvinobvira, zvinokosha kuti usunungure kushambadzira uye usingaiti maitiro akareba kwenguva refu ehurongwa. Nokudaro iwe uchaita kuti hurefu uye hutendeseka kushanda kwezvinhu zvose zvayo.