Nikolaus Harnoncourt - kondakita, cellist, muzivi uye musicologist. Biography, inoratidza zvitsva uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Mumazuva kwematsutso 2016 mangwanani vakashaya mukuru yeAustria cellist, musicologist uye kondakita Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Pamwe mikuru vairidza muEurope, akawana nguva popularize zvechokwadi Vaiti uye kudzidzisa nyika yakakurumbira Salzburg Mozarteum Conservatory. Nokuti mabasa ake Harnoncourt akatora muna 2010 mune wechishanu nzvimbo chepamusoro hunonyanya conductors nguva dzose, rakanyorwa nokuda magazini BBC Music Magazine. Uyezve, zita muimbi nokusingaperi kupinda Hall Vakakurumbira kuBritain dzenhoroondo magazini mumhanzi Gramophone.

Mhuri ramangwana kondakita

Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Nikolaus Harnoncourt) - kondakita, ane zita akava ngano muupenyu hwake. Airatidzika chiedza muBerlin muna 1929 mumhuri kuti aibva kumhuri chakanaka revatongi. Kubva pakuzvarwa, asi muimbi aipfeka musoro Count, zita rake rizere raiva Johann Nikolaus de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagt. mai vake, Countess Ladislaya of Meran, aiva muzukuru Archduke Johann kuAustria, uyo akaberekwa muna Emperor Leopold II akaroora uye Marii Luizy weSpain.

Baba Nikolaus akadana Eberhard de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagtom. Aipfeka musoro Count uye aiva chizvarwa yekare Luxembourg Lorraine mhando. Madzitateguru ake mbuya yemadzibaba Julia Mittrovskoy aigara muCzech Republic. Kubvira pauduku, Eberhard aida kuva muimbi, asi kuda wematambudziko akamanikidzwa kuwana fundo yokukoreji. Apedza, akatamira kubva Vienna kuna Berlin uye akawana basa sezvo ndiinjiniya. Pano akaroora Countess of Meran, uyo gare gare akamuberekera vana vashanu. Kunze izvi, pana Eberhard akanga maviri mwana muchato wake wokutanga.

Passion nokuti kuridza chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello

Kana muna 1933 simba muGermany, Hitler akauya, mhuri Harnoncourt pa simba zvizere akatamira Graz, paiva mhuri wakare Ladislav. Nguva pfupi pashure pamusoro Anschluss kuAustria, muna 1939, zvinhu yavo nationalized, uye zvose ropafadzo kuti kwenguva yakareba vave machinda vakasarudzwa. Pasinei dzakaoma, vana vavo uye Eberhard Ladislaya kukura murudo kutarisirwa. Vose vakanga vakadzidziswa kutamba zviridzwa, asi akazova muimbi chete Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello Muimbisi akada kubva pauduku uye ndisingadi kuparadzana nayo pasi chero ezvinhu. Mumwe wehama dzake, Philip, akasarudza chitendero mumhanzi uye akava mufundisi weKaturike, uye wechipiri, France, rwave anokudzwa basa sezvo gweta.

Preparation dzidzo, basa Philharmonic

Pashure pehondo, Nikolaus vakapinda Vienna Conservatory, kwaakanga kudzidza muna 1952. Mumazuva ake mudzidzi yemberi kondakita vaiwana kuridza chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello mumhanzi pakati ari Vienna State Opera. Ndapedza kubva Conservatory muimbi-makore 23 akaona musoro Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, Herbert of Karajan uye pachake yakandikumbira kushanda. Zvinogona kunzi hunyatsobudirira, nekuti kuva cellist muna Vienna Philharmonic zvakanga zvakaoma. Arnonkur Nikolaus akazotaura nezvenguva nzvimbo yake mumhanzi vaizviti vanhu 40, asi Karajan aifarira ruremekedzo yake, akatora kunze makwikwi.

Basa iri Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra vakauya Harnoncourt zvikukutu zvakaoma, rwokuparidza zvesimba munyika, kugaroita zvakakurumbira Salzburg Festival, ruremekedzo uye rukudzo. Zvisinei, kudana nguva iyi muupenyu Nikolaus haangavi zvachose yakananga. Karajan, uyo pachake akakoka matarenda cellist kuna kwaya yake, yakanga nokukurumidza vaiona kuti akwikwidzane uye vakatanga kuita pazvinhu kwaari mutemo kutambudzwa hurongwa. Ndokuguma chete muna 1969, apo Harnoncourt-makore 40 akasiya mumhanzi uye akatanga kuumba munhu kondakita basa.

Marriage, kuva nevana

Muna 1953, yeAustria kondakita Nikolaus Harnoncourt, ane basa chakafukidzwa rino, akaroora violinist Alice Hoffelner, yaidzidza naye panguva Conservatory. Muna 1954 Vaviri aiva mwanasikana, Elizabeth, akazova akakurumbira muimbi dhanzi. Kamwe akaroorwa, iye akatora murume unonzi of Magnus. Mushure mwanasikana wake akaberekwa muna Harnoncourt 3 vanakomana. Young mhuri vakagara muimba huru riri yeAustria Alps.

Kuunza kwako Ensemble

By zera 25 panguva Nikolausa Arnonkura aiva basa repamusoro, mukadzi akazvipira, imba yakanaka. Zvaizoratidza sokuti hauna chokutyira uye vanakidzwe noupenyu. Zvisinei, cellist haana kuenda kugumira ipapo. Muna 1953 iye anowana Viola De Gumbo - hwekare tambo chiridzwa Baroque, nowenyika imwe chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello. Ndaziva kutamba nayo, Nikolaus anotenga zvimwe zviridzwa zvakawanda yekare, pashure iyo, pamwe chete nomukadzi wake uye ane shamwari shoma akavamba Ensemble Concentus Musicus Wien. Created achishandisa chikwata nyanzvi zvechokwadi chokupika dzenhoroondo mabasa XVI-XVIII emakore. Yakanga Ensemble yokutanga yenyika, uyo repertoire raiva zvokuridza nhaka Baroque kumwedzi. kudzidzira ake kwemakore 20 kwakaitika muimba yokutandarira kumba Harnoncourt. Kuti vakawanda zvakarurama bereka ruzha mumhanzi vatana boka nhengo aifanira kupedza nguva yakawanda kusora guru uwandu yakawanda.

chechi kukurumbira

Nikolaus Harnoncourt haana chivimbo kubudirira ramunoda, saka zvikabatanidzwa edzesero pamwe basa Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Zvisinei, kune Akashamisika okugadzira zvinhu Concentus Musicus Wien akava akakurumbira pakati evanofarira, vaimbi vakatanga nguva vanoshingaira mienzaniso uye Tours. Kuva pamusoro sefungu nokubudirira, bhendi chinoguma yakakurumbira kambani German Telefunken mari chibvumirano uye mumakore 15, mazana zvinyorwa zvenziyo mabasa Baroque kumwedzi. Pano uye Inn Purcell uye Bach sonatas, operas uye Rameau akwegura uye Monteverdi.

Tanga romukokeri basa

Basa iri Ensemble vakatanga kutora Harnoncourt saka refu kuti akanga asingachakwanisi chokubatanidza pamwe zvesimba mumhanzi. Huni dzomoto akadururira kugara zvinopesana Karajan. Kubvira mukupera '60s muimbi kazhinji anoita pamwe Ensemble ake sezvo nemunhu uye havana kuona pfungwa kuva munhuwo chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello. Abva chikwata Karajan, anotanga kuitisa kwete chete Concentus Musicus Wien. Muna 1970, Harnoncourt sowakajeka anotungamirira kwaya panguva dhanzi "The Kudzoka Ulysses kumusha kwake 'panguva kunozivikanwa theatre alle Scala. Zvichitevera mharidzo iyi, evanofarira, zvakava pachena kuti mimhanzi jengachenga yakavhenekerwa nyeredzi itsva uye zita nayo - Arnonkur Nikolaus.

Creative basa Harnoncourt vakura

Muimbisi kwemakumi emakore maviri akashanda pamwe chete Dutch harpsichordist Gustav Leonhardt. Somugumisiro mushandirapamwe uyu, vaimbi vakakwanisa kunyora wakakwana kutenderera cantatas Bach wacho, izvo zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura 200 mabasa. Mukupera 80-ies ari yeAustria kondakita Arnonkur Nikolaus akatungamirira mumhanzi zvakanaka dhanzi dzimba munyika. Mumakore 4 chete (1987 kusvika 1991) akakwanisa kunyora ose mabasa nokuda Beethoven, Schubert uye Mozart, kuisa panguva Vienna Theater akawanda operas. The muimbi akashanda pamwe philharmonic vairidza kweBerlin, Vienna uye Amsterdam, akaita pamwe yakadaro matarenda pianists akafanana Lang Lang uye Friedrich Gulda. Mumakore akatevera, kuti repertoire yave kuwedzera Harnoncourt. Pakazopera hwake, iye akakwanisa kuisa anenge ose mabasa vaimutswa ake kufarira. Muitisi akaita pamwe pakunyora nziyo kubudikidza Haydn, Vivaldi, Handel, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Washington, Wagner, Dvorak, Brahms nezvimwe Classics. Kuwedzera anoitisa, akawana nguva yokudzidzisa panguva Mozarteum Conservatory, honorary chiremba rakanga kubva 2008

Nikolaus Harnoncourt: Albums, mabhuku uye mibayiro

Tinyatsoziva basa Harnoncourt nhasi vanogona kuva nokuda Album ake. nhamba yavo zvakaoma kupa pamusara. Zvakawanda album ukasunungurwa pamwechete Ensemble Concentus Musicus Wien, ari undisputed mutungamiriri raiva yakareba chevaimbi.

Harnoncourt rakanyorwa ndezvaMwari musicological nyaya dzakawanda dzakabudiswa muna dzakawanda nomukurumbira mumhanzi mabhuku. Verenga nyaya yakakurumbira kondakita anogona kuva mubhuku "vairarama yangu Bach, Mozart, Monteverdi," rakabudiswa mumutauro wokuRussia muna 2005.

For kunoshamisa kubudirira mune art Nikolaus Harnoncourt kakawanda paakavapa nomukurumbira mibayiro. Muna 1997, kuti kusimudzira weclassical kondakita Robert Schumann Prize akanga paakavapa. In unozotevera basa Harnoncourt akaona award "Grammy" uye "Kyoto", uyewo Leipzig Bach menduru.

Care ounyanzvi uye rufu

Harnoncourt akadzidza kuitisa kuti akwegura. Mumakore 85, akaramba achishingaira, azere simba uye rakafuridzirwa. utano Excellent akamutendera kuti kutsungirira zvikuru konzati purogiramu uye kutarisirwa pasi chikamu venhau uye evanofarira. Harnoncourt haana kuronga mudyandigere aironga zhinji yeramangwana. Asi zera akatora ake, uye December 15, 2015 Muimbisi akaita pamutemo mashoko pamusoro pakuguma kwake basa. Chikonzero yakadaro kumwe kusarudza vakawanda kwaiva kwakakura utano hwake somugumisiro chirwere chakakomba.

Harnoncourt akafa March 5, 2016 mune yeAustria taundi St. Georgen wokwaEfremu Attergau. Mumazuva okupedzisira nguva hwake naye aiva mukadzi wake, vana uye vazukuru. kondakita Great uye muimbi, akararama makore 86. Harnoncourt kuti kukurumbira rakanga zvikuru munyika, kuti rufu rwake kushumwa vose chikuru terevhizheni migero, redhiyo nemapepanhau zvenyika. Mwoyo chinoshamisa kondakita akarega kurova, asi mumhanzi yake achagara nokusingaperi zvakarekodhwa, ichiita chaishingaira zvizvarwa kunakidzwa kunaka weclassical mune chaiwo unongotaura.