Life uye basa Lyudviga Van Beethoven. Beethoven

Ludwig Van Beethoven akaberekwa panguva yokuchinja kukuru, inokosha iyo yaiva French Revolution. Ndokusaka Musoro umhare kutamburira akava guru munyori. Kurwa nokuti Republican nevatambi, chido chokuchinja, remangwana nani - pfungwa idzi akararama Beethoven.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Akaberekwa Ludwig Van Beethoven muna 1770 mu Bonn (Austria), apo akapedza ake muduku. Education ramangwana wenziyo anopindura chikamu kuchatsiviwa vadzidzisi, shamwari baba vake kuti kuridza zviridzwa siyana.

Nekuona kuti mwanakomana wake ane tarenda mimhanzi, baba vake, achida kuona wechipiri Mozart Beethoven, akatanga kumanikidza mukomana refu uye dzakaoma kubata nadzo. Asi tariro vakaputsanyiwa pakuvamba, Ludwig haana akaratidza mwana prodigy, asi akagamuchira zvakanaka compositional unyanzvi. Uye nemhaka iyi basa rake rokutanga yakabudiswa makore 12: "Piano Variations musi Marsha Dresslera."

Beethoven pazera 11 vakatanga kushanda yemitambo mumhanzi, kwete kupedza chikoro. Kusvikira pakuguma hwake akanyora pamwe kukanganisa. Zvisinei, munyori akaverenga chaizvo uye tisingabatsirwi vakadzidza French, vokuItaly uye Latin.

Nguva yokutanga Beethoven muupenyu asina kupfuura zvibereko kwemakore gumi (1782-1792) rakanyorwa chete anenge mashanu mabasa.

Viennese kumwedzi

Kuziva kuti zvinokosha kuva mugove kudzidza, Beethoven vakatamira Vienna. Pano anopinda misangano zvidzidzo sezvamunoita uye anoita somunhu Pianist. Iye sevasingafungi vanoda zhinji music, zvisinei, munyori anozvidzivirira navo coldly uye muchizvikudza, rinooneka kupindura zvichemo.

Mabasa Beethoven kwakaita ino nguva vanoonekwa ne pamwero wavo, pane symphonies mbiri, "Kristu paGomo reMiorivhi" - akakurumbira uye chete mutauri. Asi panguva imwecheteyo zvinoita huzivikanwe chirwere - kusanzwa. Beethoven anoziva kuti hazvina chisingarapiki uye kufambira mberi nokukurumidza. Netariro uye Dzoro munyori delves munzvimbo okusika.

Central nguva

Nguva iyi yakatanga makore 1802-1012 uye kunoratidzwa pavapenyu kuti tarenda Beethoven vake. Vakurira kutambura kwakakonzerwa chirwere, akaona kufanana okutambura yavo hondo pakati kuipandukira muFrance. Mabasa Beethoven kwakaita embody pfungwa yacho kurwisa uye nomukutsungirira mweya. Vari kunyanya kuratidzwa zvakajeka mu "umhare Symphony" (Symphony № 3), Opera "Fidelio", "Appassionata" (Sonata № 23).

kuchinja

Nguva iyi anomhanyira kubva 1812 kusvika 1815. Panguva ino Europe mune guru kuchinja panopera rokutonga Napoleon kuenda kuna Congress of Vienna. maitiro ake unotsigira reactionary monarchical yokuda.

Zvichitevera enyika kuchinja uye kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu kwetsika. Literature uye mumhanzi vari kutamira kure zvatinosiita umhare classicism pamusoro Beethoven. Romanticism rinotanga kukomba kusunungurwa chinzvimbo. Munyori anogamuchira kuchinja izvi, kutanga symphonic kufungidzira "Hondo Vattorii" cantata "nguva inofadza '. zvisikwa zvose kubudirira kwazvo paruzhinji.

Zvisinei, havasi vose mabasa Beethoven ino nguva ndeinotevera. Achibhandara mutero fashoni itsva, munyori anotanga kuedza, kutsvaka nzira itsva uye nziyo nzira. Vakawanda Zvakawanikwa izvi kuzivikanwa shasha.

Papera basa

Mumakore okupedzisira Beethoven muupenyu vakanga aionekwa enyika kuderera muAustria uye mberi chirwere munyori - kusanzwa vakava neMhedziso. Ndisina mhuri, kunyudzwa anyerere, Beethoven akatora dzidzo mwana womukoma wake, asi iye chete akauya mwoyo.

Beethoven Papera nguva dzakasiyana chaizvo chinhu kuti akanyora kwokutanga. Romanticism rikunde, uye pfungwa tichirwisa kunetsana chiedza uye rima kuva dzouzivi.

Muna 1823, chiedza rinowanika chisikwa chikuru (sezvo aiona pachake) Beethoven - "Missa Solemnis", tanga akaita muSt Petersburg.

Beethoven: "Fur Elise"

Basa iri rava kupfuura akakurumbira zvakasikwa Beethoven vake. Zvisinei, munguva upenyu wenziyo Bagatelle nhamba 40 (wevakadzidza zita) haana kuzivikanwa. Zvinyorwa rakawanikwa chete pashure munyori afa. Muna 1865, yakawana Ludwig Zero Beethoven mutsvakurudzi. Iye akazvigamuchira pamaoko weumwe mukadzi vaizviti kuti kwaiva chipo. Nepo kunyora bagatelles aigona haangasimbiswi, sezvo zvakanga yomusi April 27 pasina chaiyo gore. Muna 1867 akabudisa rimwe basa, asi chokutanga, zvinosuruvarisa yave akarasika.

Elise, iyo Rakakwanira piyano vakasiyana ndiani, haina kuzivikanwa. Pane panotomboratidza Arayirwa Max Unger (1923), basa pakutanga kunzi "To Teresa" uye Zero kururama disassembled Beethoven kuti manyorero. Kana tikabvuma shanduro iyi chokwadi, ipapo mutambo iri yakatsaurirwa munyori wacho mudzidzi - Therese Malfatti. Beethoven aiva norudo naye uye kunyange wakatangwa kwaari, asi akanga aramba.

Pasinei mabasa mazhinji akanaka uye anoshamisa zvakanyorwa nokuda piyano, Beethoven vanhu vazhinji zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe ichi chisinganzwisisike uye rinonakidza mutambo.