Inertia simba

Pamunenge muchikurukura chii simba inertia (SI), kusanzwisisana zvinowanzoitika, zvichitungamirira ekunyebera nesayenzi matongo uye kutsanangura. Ngatitarisei nyaya iyi nokushandisa masayendisiti nzira mururamisire ose akati anotsigira Masvomhu.

Simba inertia zvose zvakatipoteredza. kuonekwa, vanhu akacherechedza kare, asi havana kugona kutsanangura. Kunyatsofunga zvakanzi adzidza kubudikidza Galileo, yaizivikanwa Isaka Nyuton. Imhaka dudziro yake refu vakava zvinogoneka yakakanganiswa pfungwa. Izvi chaizvo chaivo, nokuti musayendisiti akaita pfungwa, uye vaunganidza ruzivo sayenzi mukwende mumunda ichi hariko.

Newton vakati chaivo zvinhu zvose zvokunyama zvinhu zviri kukwanisa kuva ezvinhu ose yakafanana inofamba nenzira yakarurama mutsetse kana pa zororo, akapa kuti hapana kwokunze simba.

Ngatikurukurei pahwaro ruzivo ano "wedzera" kubvuma ichi. Kunyange Galileo Galilei akataura kuti simba inertia wakabatana giravhiti (kukwezvana) zvakananga. A dzinongoitika kukwezva zvinhu, migumisiro chiri pachena - chiri nyika uye nyeredzi (nokuda kwayo uremu). Uye sezvo vane idenderedzwa chimiro, zvino uye vane Galileo. Asi Newton iri parizvino nezvadzo.

zvino tinoziva kuti zvose zvakasikwa ari zvapararira nokuda rinokweva mitsetse kunosiyana zvikuru. Zvisina kunanga yasimbiswa, kunyange asina mathematically akaratidza nezvokuvapo rinokweva mwaranzi. Somugumisiro, hondo inertia nguva kunoitika pamwe rubatsiro regiravhiti. Newton ari kubvuma kwake ane "rwokuzvarwa ehupfumi" ichi haana kufunga.

More zvakanaka kunobva mamwe tsanangudzo - akati simba ari Vector yakawanda ane mutengo zvakagadzirwa mukanyiwa (m) pokuenda muviri wayo kumhanyisa (a). Kumhanyisa Vector chinotungamirwa wakatarisana, kureva:

F = M * (- a),

sezvamakaropafadzwa F, uye - tsika simba vectors, uye kunoguma kumhanyisa; M - guru zvinofamba muviri (kana kwemasvomhu zvinhu pfungwa).

Pfungwa inokosha: ndiko kukanganisa kufunga kuti kumhanyisa anokonzerwa chaizvo simba, zvingaita sezvinoshamisa kubva fomura. Ndokusaka zvichinzi «-a», asi «munhu» - sezvo nepanomboratidza.

Physics uye Mechanics kupa mazita maviri yakafanana kukanganisa: asi Coriolis simba inertia uye inotakurika (the PSI). mashoko Vose vari kuchinjaniswa. Musiyano uri kuti tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo iri richizivikanwa uye zvaishandiswa kosi makanika. Nemamwe mashoko, wakaenzana:

F kor = F pa = M * (- a kor) = M * (- a pa),

apo F - the Coriolis simba; F pa - akatakura simba inertia; mumwe kor uye paavhareji - runoenzanirana kumhanyisa vectors.

PSI ine matatu zvinoriumba: ari Centrifugal simba pamusoro inertia, ari translational uye rotational SI. Kana rokutanga kazhinji nyore kuita kuti, ipapo mamwe maviri zvinoda tsananguro. Translational inertia simba iri pakutsvaga kumhanyisa yose yezvinhu noruremekedzo kune vamwe inertial hurongwa munguva translational inofamba-siyana. Saizvozvowo, pane chezvinonhuwira ari kumhanyisa inooneka apo muviri rotates rechitatu. Panguva iyoyowo, mauto aya matatu anogona kuvapo vakazvimiririra, pasina kuva chikamu pani. Vose vanomirirwa mumwe chete anokosha payakavakirwa F = M * a, uye chete kusiyana mhando kumhanyisa izvo, akavapindurawo, kunobva mhando inofamba. Saka, vane nyaya chaiyo iri Coriolis simba pamusoro inertia. Mumwe nomumwe wavo zvinobatanidzwa dzemaitirwe pamusoro yokungotaura mhedziso kumhanyisa kwemashoko muviri (pfungwa) munyika yakatarwa bhuku system (asingaoneki kuti Kuongorora asiri inertial hurongwa).

PSI unodiwa apo kukurukura hama inofamba sezvo kusika muviri kwebasa zvokuimba asiri inertial hurongwa vanofanira kufunga kwete chete nemamwe masimba kuvazivisa, asi ayo (F kor kana F pa).