Non-noenderana remashoko uye shanduro matambudziko

Shanduro magwaro anoita unokosha basa kukura vanhu. Rayo rubatsiro vanhu kudzidza pamusoro tsika dzimwe nyika, dziri vasiyana internationalist nhaka akatengesa kutsvakurudza uye mamwe zivo.

Central kune nedanho shanduro magwaro ari sezvingatarisirwa mushanduri. Basa Its zvinokosha. Ndokusaka vanhu wokupupura ichi yakakwirira chaizvo zvinodiwa. Mumwe mushanduri akanaka anofanira kuva nezivo kwazvo vose akaturikidzana mutauro kwete chete. Anofanira kuziva zvinoitwa National tsika yacho, ayo jogirafi, nhoroondo, zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika. Pasina ruzivo peculiarities dzenyika, ane mutauro kuti Arikugadzirira Shanduro, hazvibviri chaizvo uye zvakarurama kuratidza nuances chorugwaro.

ndiko kwakandiomera bezekvivalentnoy shanduro mashoko, kureva, kuti mutauro anokwana zviyero, vasina matsamba mitauro. Tsanangudzo yakapiwa pfungwa iyi Vereshchagin uye Kostomarov, rinoti kuti non-noenderana Mutauro - mashoko ane zvaanoreva hazvigoni kuenzaniswa lexical pfungwa chipo mune mimwe mitauro.

Sezvingatarisirwa, pakutanga kwezvose, kusvikira stratum ichi zvinosanganisira mashoko anoratidza zvakananga chandanga dzimwe nyika kana vamwe vanhu pfungwa uye chaizvoizvo zviri chinonakidza.

Pakazosvika chaizvo zvinosanganisira mhuri zvinhu, tsika uye pezvakaitwa kuti hatisi mune mamwe marudzi. Shoko "Cherry", "sacivi" "Perestroika" uye pane mienzaniso paumbwe mutauro, izvo nyanzvi vanodana "dzisiri noenderana nemashoko."

Pfungwa zvinosanganisira historicism, mashoko vakafirwa kushanda nokuti yanyangarika zvinhu kana mananara kuti vakatumidza. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, '' s jasi, "" Stagecoach, "" scimitar "uye nezvakadaro.

Kugadzirisa lexical matambudziko shanduro? Pane zvingaitwa akawanda kuti dambudziko.

• Transcription kana kupinda mashoko vatorwa kushandisa huripo chiperengo hurongwa, mutauro receiver. pfungwa iyi kuti zvinosanganisira mashoko kubva mutauro mumwe nepfungwa zvinoita Kuchengetedzwa dzavo inzwi muenzaniso.
• Nemabhii kana hutachiwana yakarurama mabhii (kana vatambi wegadziriro) tsamba mumwe nomumwe. Panyaya iyi, kuti zvinobvira mururimi "kusaina sechiratidzo" kutapurirana nyika yose zviratidzo chimwe chimiro kana vakutarisire. Dzimwe nguva kuchinjwa akanyorwa mabhii kutevedzana waida gadziriro yose nomunhu mutauro vatambi.
• Hypo-giperonimichesky rokushandura, kureva, shanduro dzisiri noenderana Mutauro unokura, kufungisisa yakananga uye Generic ukama mashoko. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ichi mhando rokushandura riri kusarudza pedyo, kunyange kukwana zvarinoreva rinoenderana pfungwa, kupfupikisa. Shanduro dzokududzira zvinogona rairatidza, explicative rairatidza, chero.

Bezekvivalentnoy Mutauro nokukurumidza akatevedzera nedzimwe mitauro, nekuti zvimwe zvakaoma kubudisa zvikuru wokumwe tsika. Izvi zvinoshanda Russian "Perestroika", Britain "paramende", Ukrainian "Oseledets".

Asi zvisiri noenderana Mutauro - hakusi bedzi chokwadi, uye historicism. Mamwe mazwi mumitauro yakasiyana kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro mazwi kuti zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo patinenge pakushandura. Somuenzaniso, muna Chirungu, shoko "musikana" uye rinoreva "musikana" uye "musikana". Zviri pachena kuti mune Russian, izvi pfungwa dzine semantics zvakasiyana.

Kurasika mu Translation kazhinji evaluative chezvinonhuwira shoko. Saka, kana Russian "zuva" ane kwazvakarerekera mupfungwa inzwi, asi Tajik "Oftob", nokuda inopisa, ane kunaka pakuderedza iri pedyo iri rinoreva kuti vanodzidziswa "kutsva", "unopfuta".

Rimwe zvikuru matambudziko anonzi kuva shanduro Mitsara. Wokufananidzira mashoko, yakaumbwa achifuridzirwa unokosha zviito, pfungwa, tsika netsika chizvarwa vakurukuri. Ndokusaka muturikiri havafaniri chete kuziva zvakakwana shaped semantics mutauro vakasarudzwa, asiwo nhoroondo, vanhu, tsika vakawanda.