Nzira yekuderedza magetsi: nzira uye mazano

Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti ungadzikisa sei magetsi munharaunda kuitira kuti urege kukuvadza midziyo yemagetsi. Munhu wese anoziva kuti mairi maviri ari kusvika padzimba - zero nechikamu. Izvi zvinonzi se-single-phase network. Chikamu chechitatu chinonyanya kushandiswa mumasangano ega ega uye zvivako. Pane kungova nechido chazvo, sezvo dzose dzimba dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa ne-single-phase alternating current network. Asi mune teknolojia iyo pachayo inofanirwa kuita shanduko - kuderedza iyo AC voltage, kuishandura iyo inoramba ichiita simba, kuchinja ukuru uye zvimwe zviito. Ndiyo nguva idzi dzinoda kuonekwa.

Kuchinja kwevhesi nekubatsira kwevashanduri

Nzira yakajeka ndeyokushandisa kusagadzirisa transformer inoita shanduko. Mhepo inonyanya kubuda ine mhepo yakawanda kupfuura iyo inopera. Kana pane chido chekuderedza gasi muhafu kana katatu, kupera kwechipiri kunogona uye hakufaniri kushandiswa. Mhepo inonyanya kushandiswa ye transformer inoshandiswa sechiparadzanisa chinokonzera (kana kune matepi kubva kwairi). Muimba midziyo, vashanduri vanoshandiswa, pamwe nekufambisa kwechipiri uko kubuda kwema 5, 12 kana 24 Volts kubviswa.

Aya ndiwo maitiro anowanzoshandiswa zvikuru mumazuva ano emagetsi. Makore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu apfuura, vazhinji vekodhidhiya yakashandiswa nemhepo ye 9 volts. A tube TV uye amplifiers vaida gumbo rinowanzosvika 150-250 V uye rimwe rinoshandiswa kuti rive nemafuta e 6.3 (mamwe magetsi akapiwa kubva 12.6 V). Nokudaro, kuputika kwechipiri kwevashanduri kwaiva nenhamba yakafanana yekutendeuka semhepo inotangira. Mune teknolojia yemazuva ano, magetsi emagetsi anowedzera kushandiswa (semashandisi emagetsi emakombiyuta), maitiro avo anosanganisira transformer yemhando yekuwedzera, ine zvishoma zvishoma.

Volt separator pa inductances

Inductance isimbi yakakuvadzwa nemhangura (kazhinji) tambo pamatanda kana kuti nenyuchi. A transformer ndeimwe yemhando dzekudzivirira. Kana tsvina inogadzirwa kubva pakati pekutanga, ipapo pachava neenzana rakaenzana pakati payo nemakona ekupedzisira. Uye ichave yakaenzana nehafu yezviyero zvekushandisa. Asi iyi ndiyo mamiriro kana iyo transformer iyo pachayo yakagadzirirwa kushanda nehuwandu hwezvokudya.

Asi iwe unogona kushandisa mahwendefa akawanda (somuenzaniso, unogona kutora maviri), uabatanidze mumakwikwi uye uvaendese kune simba AC. Kuziva tsika dze inductances, zviri nyore kuverenga dhesi pane chimwe nechimwe chazvo:

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

Mune mazano aya, L1 naL2 ndivo inductances yekutanga uye yechipiri mapepi, U1 ndiyo inopa mabhoti muVotts, U (L1) uye U (L2) inodonha doro kune yekutanga uye yechipiri inductances, maererano. Dunhu remuparadzi akadaro rinoshandiswa zvikuru mumatunhu ekuyera.

Vanoparadzanisa vane capacitors

Dunhu rakakurumbira zvikuru, rakashandiswa kuderedza kukosha kweA AC mains. Haikwanise kushandiswa mumitambo yakarurama-ikozvino, sezvo iyo capacitor, maererano nechechi yeKirchhoff, mumutambo we DC inogumira. Mune mamwe mazwi, ikozvino kuburikidza nayo hakuzoperi. Asi paunenge uchishanda mune rimwe divi rinenge riripo, iyo capacitor ine kugadzirisa kusagadzikana, iyo inogona kuvhara mhepo. Dunhu rakaparadzanisa rakafanana neyo rinotsanangurwa pamusoro, asi mabatidzi anoshandiswa panzvimbo yeinductances. Iko kuverenga kunogadzirwa nemazeremu anotevera:

1. Kugadzirisa kwe-capacitor: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3.14 * f * C).
2. Voltage inodonha paC1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. Voltage inoderera kune C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

Pano C1 neC2 ndiyo inyanzvi yevadziviriri, U ndiyo inhare muhutano hwekugovera, uye f ndiyo nguva yezvino.

Vanoparadzanisa vanorwisa

Dunhu rakafanana nenzira dzakawanda kune dzakapfuura, asi nguva dzose kushandiswa kunoshandiswa. Nzira yekuverenga mutengesi akadaro inopesana zvishoma kubva kune yakapiwa pamusoro apa. Dunhu rinogona kushandiswa zvose muAc uye DC dzedhiyo. Tinogona kutaura kuti iyo yose. Nezvo, unogona kuunganidza nhanho-pasi inodha kuchinja. Kuenzanisa kwedonhosi pamusana umwe neumwe kunogadzirwa nehuwandu hwemashoko:

1. U (R1) = (R1 * U) / (R1 + R2).
2. U (R2) = (R2 * U) / (R1 + R2).

Inofanira kuonekwa imwe nuance: ukuru hwemutoro kusagadzikana kunofanirwa kuva 1-2 mirairo yehukuru zviduku kudarika iyo yekuparadzanisa masimba. Kana zvisina kudaro, kururamisa kwekuverenga kuchave kwakanyanya.

Nzira inoshanda yekugadzirira simba: transformer

Kuti usarudze simba rekuchinja, unoda kuziva zvishoma dhe data:

1. Simba vatengi vanoda kubatanidza.
2. Kukosha kwemajini mavhiri.
3. Kukosha kwemhepo inoda kudiwa mumhepo inopera.

Kuti uverenge nhamba yekutendeuka mumhepo inotangira, iwe unoda 50 inoparadzaniswa neyambuka-chikamu chemukati. Chikamu chemuchinjikwa chinotariswa nemurairo:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

Simba P1 = P2 / KUNYANYA. Kubudirira kwe transformer hakuzombovi kupfuura 0.8 (kana 80%). Nokudaro, huwandu hunokosha hunotorwa se 0.8.

Secondary winding power:

P2 = U2 * I2.

Iyi data inonyatsozivikanwa nekusingaperi, saka hazvisi zvakaoma kuita chibvumirano. Hezvino nzira yekuderedza mhepo kusvika ku12 volts iko kushandisa transformer. Asi izvi hazvisi zvose: mishonga yemumba inoshandiswa nemazuva ano, uye pakubuda kwechipiri chekusimudza-kushanduka. Ichatora humwe humwe shanduko.

Simba rekushandisa dunhu: kugadzirisa uye firiji

Zvadaro ndiko kushandurwa kwemazuva ano kushanduka kuva nguva dzose. Nokuda kweizvi, semiconductor diodes kana magungano anoshandiswa. Rudzi rwakajeka rwekugadziridza rinosanganisira diode imwe chete. Inonzi hafu-wave. Asi kugoverwa kukuru kwakagamuchirwa nebhiriji dunhu rinotendera kwete kungogadzirisa imwe nguva iripo, asiwo kubvisa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kubva kumhepo. Asi shanduko yakadaro inenge isati yakwana, sezvo zvisingakwanisi kubvisa zvinoshandiswa zvinowanikwa nevamwe diic semuconductor diodes. Uye 220V kuderedza vashanduri vanogona kutendeutsa kuchinja kwechiyero kune imwechete muhuwandu, asi nehuwandu hunokosha.

Electrolytic capacitors inoshandiswa mune simba rekushandisa semafuta. Nokuda kwechirongwa cheKirchhoff, iyo capacitor muAAC mutevedzeri mutungamiri, uye pakushanda nekugara-kusagadzikana. Nokudaro, icho chinowanikwa nguva dzose chichayerera chisina kushandiswa, uye shanduko ichazvivhara, saka, haingapfuuri iko ino firiji. Kunyoresa uye kuvimbika ndizvo chaizvo zvinoratidzira mafungiro akadaro. Uyewo, zvinodzivirira uye zvinokanganisa zvinogona kushandiswa kushandura kubhururuka. Zvimwe zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa kunyange mumotokari dzemotokari.

Kutsigira kwemhepo

Iwe wakadzidza kugadzirisa dhayi kusvika kune yaunoda. Iyezvino inoda kusimbiswa. Nokuda kweizvi, zvigadzirwa zvakashandiswa zvinoshandiswa - zener diodes, izvo zvinogadzirwa semiconductor components. Izvo zvakasikwa pane zvakabuda zve DC power supply. Nheyo yekushanda ndeyekuti semiconductor inokwanisa kudarika imwe mhepo, iyo yakasara inoshandurwa kuva kupisa uye inotumirwa kuburikidza neeratorator kuenda kumhepo. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana kubudiswa kwesimba kunopa 15 volts, uye simbi inotarirwa ku 12 V, saka ichasara zvakanyanya sezvinodiwa. Kusiyana kwe 3 V kuchaenda kumhepo inopisa (mutemo wekuchengetedza simba inoshanda).

Mhedziso

Chinhu chakasiyana zvachose chigadziro chekutya chinoderedza, chinogadzirisa kuwanda. Kutanga, mauto emhepo anoshandurwa kuva gumbo rinogara riripo nepamusoro-kuru (kusvika ku 50,000 Hz). Inogadziriswa uye inofambiswa kune inopisa transformer. Ipapo iyo inoshanduka inoshanduka inoitika kumhepo inoshandiswa (network kana kuti zvishoma mukoshi). Pamusana pekushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi (thyristors), iyo DC inotenderera inoshandiswa kuva AC voltage uye inowanzodiwa (mumasangano enyika yedu - 50 Hz).