Olympic Games muMoscow muna 1980, anoti: kuvhura nokuvhara yemichato. Migumisiro Olympiad

Muna 2017 nayo unosvitsa makore 37 kubva Soviet Union vakatora pamusoro nyika yavo Olympics. MuMoscow uye chiitiko yose akaita yakafarikana resonance. July 19, 1980 pa 16 am Moscow nguva iri hachizi nhandare itsva "Luzhniki" yakarira yaizivikanwa Muscovites uye vagari dzimwe nyika kuridza. Votes akakandira chime of Spassky Tower. Shure kwake vakurukuri "vapenyu": iwo mumhanzi mutambo Overture Dmitri Shostakovich akamutsa manzwiro vanhu. Saka yakanga nyaya anonongedzera pakutanga hwomukova mhemberero yacho XXII Summer Games.

Majasi, togas, ngoro

Tsika huru, kunzwisisa mitambo makwikwi iine midzi muna Ancient Greece. Kubva 776 BC. e. kuti 394 AD. e. Olympia tsvene kwakaitika 293 inokosha ndero yenyika mitambo. Modern kuenderera abatsire akanaka zvibvire anoonga kutanga mumwe wokuFrance, akanga akazvisiyanisa mukunopera XIX noutano nevamwe. zita rake - Per De Kuberten. Rokutanga pashure resumption mitambo yezhizha yakaitwa muAthens muna April 1896. Naizvozvo akabata kugara makore mana ose, kunze nguva cataclysms pose. Ivo akamirira ari pamapapiro uye XXII Olympic Games. MuMoscow, mumwe vachifara zvikuru inomira 19 July 1980 iri nhandare yakakura "Luzhniki" nhandare akauya "VaGiriki vekare": nyore vasikana uye vakomana vari togas uye majasi.

Vakanga vaine "wekare" ngoro mbiri-mavhiri vauye nechimwe mabhiza mana. Izvi kwaiva mutero kunyika wekare Hellas, mweya kusingaperi yeOlympic. Zvinonzi panguva mhemberero yokutanga (uye mukuvhara) zviri chikamu chiito yaiva East Kutsigira. Caps, kupfeka hembe, mireza mumaoko nevazvipiri dzakaumbwa munzvimbo Category mifananidzo, dzimwe nguva zvikuru kunzwisisa (rangano 174).

Muitiro kurarama "mufananidzo" akatarira semafungu egungwa; mafungu tikaisa mukati uye vakadzokera shure, ndinosika hurukuro reAtene, Kremlin, chiratidzo Soviet, Mascot chishamiso kuitika. Moscow 1980 yekudyidzana achinja. Kuwanika aiva nguva inonakidza, kuti nyika yakanga makore matanhatu pakureba. Chokwadi chokuti Soviet Union achaita naHama chikuru zvemitambo chiitiko, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa muna 1974. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti, nokuda nyaya mutengo kuti kodzero yokugamuchira akarwa maviri chete maguta: Moscow uye Los Angeles (USA). Vanoti kuti guta Montreal (Canada), izvo vaipinda kuti XXI Summer Games, kubuda muzvikwereti anopfuura makumi matatu!

Muchidimbu pamusoro Chirevo

Kwokupedzisira vhoti yakaratidza kuti akunda "guta wangu anodiwa, My yendarama Moscow ...". The musoro wehurumende, Leonid Brezhnev, mubvunzo: Ko Moscow yeOlympic, kana kupinda zvekushandisa kwakadaro, zviri nyore kuti kubhadhara diki mutongo kubhadhara uye tofambira "kune"? Takasarudza mapfumo: mutambo - chiratidzo chorugare. Uye nguva dzose Soviet Union yave waitsigira nokuda nechokwadi kuti pfuti vakanyarara, uye chando "inotonhora" hondo pakati masimba maviri makuru - Soviet Union uye United States - chakambopfavisa. Rokuvaka anokosha zvivako rakatanga muna 1976.

Panguva iyoyo yakanga nechokwadi chokuti akazviratidza yakakodzera Olympic mascots. The 1977th presenter of "Munguva mhuka nyika," Vasily Peskov, vakabayira vanoiona vanosarudza mhuka ane mufananidzo Ichashandiswa ane mashiripiti chinhu chinogona atambudzwe mumwe uye zvose, uchava kufarira evoruzhinji. Makumi masere kubva muzana vakabvunzurudzwa akavhotera bere. Akapa nzira kuna laurels kwevadzidzi akadai bhiza, imbwa, bison, Stony, nyuchi, chapungu, jongwe.

Zvakange wakarondedzera All-Union makwikwi kuti mufananidzo yakanakisisa zveufende. Forward akaputsa mumwe kusetsa nebere nebhanire yeOlympic marin'i, akasikwa by the artist Viktorom Chizhikovym. Gare gare fadza Misha anakidzwa uye nomusoro yose nyika. Munyori imwe tsika revane kuti kuchaita yeOlympic-80 (siluetti of Kremlin wacho Spassky Tower, Verengai muchinjikwa nyika makwara, zvikamu ane shanu-wakananga nyeredzi) aiva mudzidzi ari Stroganov School Vladimir Arsent'ev. izvi zvose uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinogona semhosva dzinofadza nguva kugadzirira. Chitima kana zvimwe, kusanganisira imwe enyika hunhu.

Boycott makumi matanhatu namashanu

Just zhizha richigere, apo Soviet Union vaitarisira Moscow yeOlympic, akumbirwa nehurumende Afghan, mauto eSoviet akapinda munyika sand uye zvikara mawere (1979). Pakarepo uchiteverwa anotevera (zvinonzi aidavira kuti vari fananei magetsi okutsutsumwa uye zvirango): US mutungamiri Dzhimmi Karter akabuda zvakasimba nokuda pakusuma zvoupfumi zvirango uye boycott of Olympic Games. A kufona kuvhiringidza chiitiko chakatsigirwa 65 States, pakati pavo - Monaco, Liechtenstein, Somalia nevamwe.

Pamukova yeOlympic akasvika kunyika makumi maviri nezvina Africa kuti nokungwarira vakabvuma kukokwa. International kuronga Committee haana kukoka Iran, apo hurumende afa pasi ichangopfuura. UN Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim (Austria) pachena apa shoko rinoreva kuti chinhu chakafanana: "tsoka dzangu panzvimbo mugovanisi bako haazovanzwiri." Ndizvo kwete zvose. Paiva nezvinetso kumhanya kwezvivako kuvakwa. Muna March 1980, "kwainzi - misodzi": rakatogadzirira yaiva 56 kubva 97 akaronga zvirongwa.

Mukuru nhandare "Luzhniki", kukwasva Canal muna Krylatskoye, Ostankino TV-redhiyo apfuura mwedzi pamberi buri! Nhasi, vakawanda vanofunga kuti yendege "Sheremetyevo" International Trade Center iri Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, "Cosmos" hotera vagara. Asi ivo dzinovakwa makore 37 chete apfuura, nekuti kwatiri kuburikidza yemadutu uye zvipingamupinyi vavengi vakakurumidza Olympics-80.

Zvinofadza nzira kuMoscow, akakurumbira Greek moto. Ataure vamhanyi, yakagadzirirwa kuidzosera yayo kuenda, akatanga mwedzi pamberi kuvhurika, June 19, 1980. Tochi dzakavhenekera paGomo Olympus. Long-rokuti "muprisitikadzi", anogamuchira uye transmits yeOlympic murazvo (1980 ndozvakaitikawo - huru hunhu mabasa vakanga anozivikanwa mutambi Maria Moskoliu) dzikabereka rutumba achishandisa concave girazi (izvo). Heat Sun anotendeuka ive rakavhurika rimi, yakapa murazvo mudzidzi University veAteni Atanasisu Kozmopolusu.

KuBaton vamhanyi, zvakagadzirirwa kutaura kwaziso kupiswa Greece, akatarira nezviuru zvevanhu vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana uye vemarudzi. Hot, uye panguva imwecheteyo nyoro, iye vakabudirira vakakunda 5000 makiromita.

zviyero akatorwa

Kufanana vazhinji zvatinosiita yakazununguka kusvikira kumavambiso Olympic Games! MuMoscow, guta guru kupfuura ose Europe, zvisina nemabhenji Arenas hazvishandi. Zvisinei, havasi vose saka nyore: wose asina kukokwa uye vakakokwa - kwete vose vakabvuma! Dai funga izvi uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Vaiona. Sezvazvakanyorwa anozivikanwa, inomira guru munhandare yemitambo "Luzhniki" muzuva mitambo hwomukova kunge dzinozara (kukwanisa 103 zviuru vanhu). Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti kuita kudaro kwakanga kusiri nyore, vatorwa vazhinji akapfuura (kana kwete kutenga) gwaro kuti kubvuma kuti nhandare. Varongi vakasarudza uye vakatengesa matikiti kuti masendi 30 vagari vanoda kumba nyika (Chokwadi, munyika circumvention of IOC). Zvose akaenda uyewo zvichibvira: nhandare ungana akatinhira, "sokunge nokudengenyeka kwenyika kwakauya chinozunguzirwa!"

"Sponsors". Dzimwe nguva zvinoita sokuti dzidziso iri kuunzwa pakutaura kwedu ndiye Olympic Games muMoscow. 1980 The gore akapikira akapfuma kukohwa pamusoro "imupota" kuti makambani. Vakavimbisei makomo endarama muchimiro muripo kubva zvichidhura kuronga mitambo. Nokuda boycott vamwe "chinhu bvungapfunga", vamwe kwakaderedza upfumi. Maererano netsamba romusoro arongwe Committee Ignatiya Novikova zvachose wakachengeta yake shoko yakasimba chete "Adidas" (Germany). Runyerekupe ane nayo kuti "firmachi" vaiva nehana kuona sei guru-zita Basketball mutambi Sergei Belov, uyo akanga ava kuvimbwa naye kubatidza moto XXII Olympiad, anomanyira manzete vakarondedzera mapuranga dzekirimbirini vakwikwidzi. The mutambi akatsanangura ichi tsvedza mugwagwa pamusoro kuti kushandisa spiked bhutsu.

Shops. How runyerekupe zhinji nokuda kwounyanzvi Summer Olympic Games! Moscow (uye zvinenge zvose USSR) muna 1970 haana nenzara: zvigadzirwa haana kusiyana "capitalist siyana," asi vaiva zvakasikwa, zviri nyore, anobatsira. Vamwe chema kuti kunyange bhabhurigamu (iye vaiona inokuvadza). Vakaita nokuda kutadza. Vagari tupukanana, zvidhakwa uye dzimwe vasingavimbiki vanhu vakaenda kune imwe zana uye wokutanga kiromita of Moscow, kuti arege Anotadzira zvizere womuchato.

Weather. Sei yakavhurwa July 80 Mitambo yeOlympic? USSR - nyika hombe, iyo kunosvika kuburikidza zhinji okunze zvikamu. In guru, apo kakawanda kunonaya, kupfuura jeka mazuva pakati chirimo. Kukarukureta anoruramiswa.

Kwaziso kubva muchadenga

maminitsi makumi mana asati pakasvika Brezhnev, vachifungawo kurambidzwa naPresident Carter kuti zvinomutsa mureza America, weAmerican Dan Patterson (21) yakatanga US mureza. Vanoti kuti iye-makore 88 countryman Nick Paul akazvidemba kuti mitambo vachava vatambi kubva nyika yavo. Mutambo kwete zvapera. Ndima akatanga vatambi kubva muchiGiriki nhume, kwapera - kubva Soviet Union.

Pakati pavo vafamba nhume 16 National zvikwata: Andorra, Australia, Belgium, Britain, Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Puerto Rico, San Marino, Switzerland. It anganzi rwiyo Internazionale Olympic Games.

MuMoscow munhandare "Luzhniki" panguva mhemberero, vadzidzi panguva imwecheteyo akabudiswa kudenga 5000 hangaiwa. Shandisa shiri zvakafanana Zvakawanikwa rakarambidzwa mushure inotyisa tsaona. Muna 1988, muSeoul, shiri nendege uye akagara kumucheto mukombe. mweya murombo akapisa apo moto payakatanga yeOlympic. Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti mupenyu Olympic mascots kufa saka pusa?

Asi shure kune nyaya. Muna July kwamazuva Universe rire chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa "Soyuz-35" pamwe cosmonaut Valeriem Ryuminym uye Leonidom Popovym mundege. Dzinokukwazisai kuna vechikamu uye vateereri vakafungisisa guru chidzitiro. By Ishe Maykl Killanin, President of IOC (International Olympic Committee). Hapana aiziva kuti yeOlympic murwi nguva pfupi asati basa. Akapa pauriri kukwazisa Leonid Brezhnev. General Munyori Central Committee of Communist Party of Soviet Union yakazivisa Olympic Games vhurai muMoscow.

Yakanga pashure mashoko ake boka vatakuri rakashandurwa Olympic mureza uye makumi maviri vatambi dzave pedyo, vakabata njiva chena. shiri World aifanira kubhururuka muna Moscow denga mushure mureza-kumutswa, pamusoro avaida kusvika Olympic zhenje kupinda munhandare. It vakauya mutambi Viktor Saneev. Ini akamhanya pamwe zhenje pamuchina wekusimbisa muviri, vachiita zvemarudzi yokukunda pamakumbo, uye akapa anokosha mutoro mutsigiri mukuru 1972 Olympic Games Sergey Belov. Mutambi akareba (190 cm) se "nendege" nechepamusoro pamusoro pegungwa mafungu kodzero dzevanhu kapu ceremoniously avhenekese Olympic womoto.

All zvinyorwa mazita enyu proudest

Kundotamba vanhu Soviet Union, akirobhatikisi - kwaiva kukunda kunaka uye norugare, yakunda runako uye simba USSR, iro kwakauya kutorarama mazuva makwikwi. Mumakwikwi zvabuda ndeinotevera. USSR chikwata akahwina 80 goridhe, 69 sirivha uye 46 endarira Medals, vachidikanwa ndibatsireiwo chikwata count. Heano mamwe mazita magamba Viktor Krovopuskov (fence), Yuriy Sedykh (nyundo uzvirasire), Alexander Starostin (ano pentathlon), Tatiana Kazankin (mumhanyi), Alexander Melent'ev (miseve), Nellie Kim (jimunasiti).

Kushambira Vladimir Salnikov wokutanga akava-nguva nhatu Olympic shasha munhoroondo mutambo weSoviet. Alexander Dityatin azivikanwa chete jimunasiti munyika, ane menduru muchiitwa zvose, zvakanga dzinoongororwa navatongi. Uye chete chikamu nebudiriro vatambi Soviet. Vakatora "ndarama" anenge marudzi ose makwikwi, kusanganisira nevolleyball, mvura Polo, basketball. (Football, tsiva uye kukwasva akasiya zvakawanda anodikamwa).

Zviya,-nguva nhatu Olympic vakundi vainzi Rica Reinisch, Barbara Krause, Karen Mechuk (kushambira, GDR), Parfenovich (kayaker, USSR). (! At makore 28) Veteran yokurovedza muviri Nikolay Andrianov akaratidza: "Ndiani anoda, achaita" - uye akahwina nendarama maviri esirivha uye mumwe endarira menduru. The chete chiremera vakauya kumba mibayiro muna German Democratic Republic, Inessa Dirs (kushambira).

Munhu wose anenge anzwa raiva zita jimunasiti Nadia Comaneci (Komenech) Romania (2 goridhe, 2 sirivha Medals). Iye akaita pashure wakaomarara zvinokuvadza, achiratidza muenzaniso kutsungirira uye kushinga. Vaviri "ndarama" uye mumwe "sirivha" aiva gymnasts Elena Davydova, Aleksandra Tkacheva, Sergei Koplyakova kushambira. Anokudzwa Natalia Shaposhnikova (mbiri Medals goridhe uye miviri yendarira).

Vatsoropodzi vakaedza "Boo" migumisiro, nharo kuti Olympiad yakaitwa pasina simba vorongerwa munyika boycotting chacho. Asi kwete, vose Unobata vakanga vakakodzera uye chinokosha. Kusimba kutamburira kuenda dzesango. 74 zvinyorwa Olympic yaisanganisira 36 kupfuura nyika. The nyika uye nyika ucharangarira 1980 zvakanaka. Olympic Games muMoscow, Soviet akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya mweya vakaenzana uye Fraternity, pachava kupfuura kare.

Nguva yokuoneka

Zvichakadai, chokupedzisira pakazovharwa Olympic Games. The mhemberero kwakaitika musi August 3, 1980. Panguva mitambo vatambi kubva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana, kuti mafeni vava mumwe mhuri huru. Zvaiva pachena: nezvaanogona dzevanhu zvikuru. Zvainanga hworugare zvemitambo kukunda, vakaparadza mitauro ematongerwo enyika. At hafu apfuura shanu manheru yakarira shoko kuti yemakwikwi purogiramu Games zvinobudirira.

Last akagadzirwa mibayiro akaridza mwene Equestrian mutambo. Zvinonyatsorehwa Pamusana XXII Summer Olympic Games vaiva sezvinotevera: nzvimbo yokutanga - Soviet Union (195 mibayiro, kusanganisira RSFSR - 56, Ukrainian SSR, -48, -19, Byelorussian SSR, Moldavian Soviet -1). Wechipiri - the German Democratic Republic (126 mibayiro), wechitatu - Bulgaria (41 Medals). In maawa 19 maminitsi 30 vakatanga mutambo nomufaro uye kusuruvara: pamberi zviuru vaoni yeOlympic-80 akava kare.

Zvakare kuwandisa papuratifomu. Zvakavhenekerwa Arena Iridescent. Akatinhira fanfare. Munhu wose akafunga: Chii chaiva chokupedzisira mhoro kupa yeOlympic muMoscow? Muna 1980, zvakaonekwa, akapera naye. Central Lodge dzinounzwa kuna mukuru utariri munyika - Yuri Andropov, Grishin, A. Kirilenko, Kosygin, Mikhail Gorbachev (Leonid Brezhnev panguva iyoyo akanga ari pazororo), uye vamwe anokudzwa vakokwa. Killanin wakange achizopfuura pamusoro utungamiriri Juan Antonio Samaranch.

pasina pyrotechnics

The chiseko pakati kwakawanda pakati vatambi. Vatakuri akabuda, ipapo vatambi. Mbiru haisi rakakamurwa nyika uye vanhu. On flagpoles ndokubhururuka mireza Greek uye Soviet. nziyo venyika idzi hwakazadziswa. Maererano nemitemo yokupedzisira mhemberero, taifanira kusimudza mureza weboka United States, uko vakanga zvakaitika mitambo muchirimo 1984. Asi panguva kukwirira hondo "chando" wogadzirisa uye akamutsa mureza eguta Los Angeles. Ishe Killanin vakazivisa Olympic Games akavharwa.

Zvekubuda musoro IOC akakurudzira haana kushandisa matanho akadai senzira enyika kunyunyuta. At maawa 20 10 maminitsi vatambi (8 vanhu) akaenda deflated Olympic mureza. The moto mundiro, akaberekwa muna Olympia, akatanga uchabvuruvara. Kashanu akazivisa sarupu. Vazhinji vaoni mu pacho vakanga vachichema. Kokutanga scoreboard nhandare kunooneka Usakundwa maminitsi, mumasekonzi, metres, uye saka kujairika-screen cinema. Vanhu vakaona pfupi firimu apo chakajeka nguva zvichiitika zvakare. Uye akanga apo Olympic Mishka? The rwiyo pamusoro pake rakapararira munyika yose!

Uye pano totaura, yokupedzisira. Mutsimba, gymnasts, vanoshambira, zvose-rounders, vamhanyi uye mamwe magamba muzhizha yeOlympic muMoscow akasiya munhandare. Vaoni vaiva pacho. Zvaiita sokuti Kusaona chakavanzika - the ikapenya mavara ari inoratidza Iosifa Tumanova - aireva chete navo - yakavimbika zvikuru, ruzha uye vepachokwadi. Panguva ino, mitambo uye uri kunge akabatanidzwa. Manheru akasarudzwa kwete mukana: kana kubuda zuva, kuzodzosera chichienda inoshamisa pakanyorwa kuti chikuru chiedza dzinoratidza. Pyrotechnics hadzina kurongwa.

Acrobatic

Chiedza muffled kuti ukarova zvakare, kuti chiito mberi! Pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti vatambi vaenda kudzoka! Vaoni, uyo akanga achangobva kuona mabasa vemapoka kutamba, kuonekwa sezvo akasimba acrobats zvenyika, Europe, USSR akabatana vatambi, pamwe achiita zviitwa chete Ribbon sikavha. Vaya vaivapo rava kuvharwa inoratidza: hazvibviri kukanganwa sei munhandare yakura uye maruva zvinoshamisa seruva kuchinja, mitumbi zvakanaka!

Panguva ino, ari nzvimbo pasi pacho simba Bear. A rakakura, akagadzirira "kubvisa" ari mudhori aifanira deflate uye kudza zvakare: hazvishandi zvakaitika kukura mutserendende, kutungamirira akaukandira nhandare. Kunyange zvazvo michina nenyaya kugadziriswa, zvekuratidza vakaenda. Golf yazova nzvimbo yakakura nokuda Russian zvavo mitambo. Chine kutamba, akaridza rollicking akodhiyoni, balalaika. Kwete pasina rakakura nesting nezvidhori. Vakanga vakatorwa nerori.

Kufanana ari rungano ichikura birches, aiyangarara swans chena - zvinoyevedza pakanyorwa akasikwa pacho varume zviuru zvishanu, vakapakata pamahwendefa chitsvuku. Anotevedzana mifananidzo vaipfuura zana namakumi mashanu! Enviable coherence! Kukundikana vakanga kuchengetwa. Pakupedzisira pakanga Bear. Kwekanguva akanga kushambira munhandare dzaidzidziswa boka revatsigiri.

Enchanted dondo pamusoro Sparrow Hills

Sezvo vakapfuura inopfuta ndezvevaya vakazvigadzirirwa naBaba, sedumwa akava kunosuwisa t netsoka dzakapfava pacho, izvo akakura yakanyarara: Misha nakisisa yakanga nguva kuenda upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova dondo. Aya ndiwo mashoko orwiyo, mumwe kufarira izvo vakasiya "Luzhniki". Akabhururuka, maererano nepurani, kusimuka mamita matatu nehafu kumusoro, akatanga kufamba kubva nhandare parutivi ndiro, pasi maziso zvikanganiswe nemisodzi vaoni.

Mukuvhara zvakaitika. Kusiya pakagadzirwa nematanda, dzimwe mafeni zvirokwazvo Nokuverenga pamusoro apo toed nyika shamwari yake inomubatsira. Paiva nevaya vasingadi kurasikirwa nokutenda kudanana mugumisiro. Nokuti navo sedumwa kusvikira nhasi anogara mashiripiti spruce kure (kana pedo?) From Moscow. Olympic musha The rakanga chipatapata usiku yokuoneka, tariro misangano itsva, anopikira varege kukanganwa mumwe. A zvakanaka rabha mhuka yakawira pamusoro Sparrow Hills, akanga vakanonga achishandisa kutsvaka vashandi uye akatumirwa yokuchengetera zvinhu.

Uye yakaramba "chakavanzika remakore" ane upenyu zvakaoma Olympic Bear. The rwiyo yakaguma chimiro pamusoro Sparrow Hills. Ikoko akanga akanonga uye akavanda yokuchengetera. Vanoti vatengi kubva West Germany kwenguva refu akaedza kunyengetedza hurumende kuti kuvatengesera nezuro sedumwa zvakanaka mari. Asi vachitenga uye vachitengesa haisi inoitwa.

Misha yakanga imwe nguva kubwinya. Iye akaratidza panguva metende panguva Exhibition zvoupfumi kubudirira. Maererano nedzimwe nemishumo, huchakurumidza kuguma kuti ngano. On-nzvimbo okuchengetera muimba yepasi Olympic Committee kuti aparadza makonzo ake uye makonzo. Asi Mascot akaramba ari vanhu ndangariro. Sezvo iye Olympics-80.