Opus - a Musical izwi. Ndechipi chinangwa mimhanzi pfungwa?

Ko shoko "opus" pachinhu zvekuimba tsika? Nhoroondo panowanikwa shoko, ayo yokungotaura hwaro sezvo ari mumhanzi rokuti, kuitika ukoshi - Pashure zvose izvi munyaya.

Patsika dzedu, mutauro shoko "opus" aina ainyanya maviri kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro zvirevo:

• Achiseka uye kutuka tsanangudzo vamwe mabasa chaiko hakusi chaizvo.
• "Opus" - a Musical izwi.

Sezvakaitwa yokutanga musimboti zvose zviri pachena, kuti wekuedza wechipiri kunzwisisa.

The chidzoke kweshoko "opus"

At moyo shoko "mumhanzi" ndiyo pfungwa "mumhanzi", asi wechipiri haasi kufanana wokutanga, uye ane nhoroondo miganhu.

Pane mumhanzi, sezvinoita chigadzirwa, uye izvi imhaka netsika zvakanyorwa; uye pane music, sezvo mabasa chokuita ayo improvisational mharidzo playback.

mutsauko ichi yakatanga kunyorwa bhuku rake N.Listeniusa «Musica» muna 1537. Iri bhuku iri yakatanga akaudzwa kuti opus - a "chimiro zvakanyorwa, zvakazara rapera chigadzirwa." Saka, pfungwa itsva "opus" yakatanga kunyorwa.

Mumireniyamu chiKristu rokutanga vakatonga waiita chimiro mimhanzi zvokuti kunyange rokuti "improvisation" hakuwaniki, nekuti pakange pasina nzira. Pokumuka mushanduro maviri okugadzira zvinhu zvokuimba chete yakatanga 9-10 emakore, apo mabhuku wokutanga akanyorwa papepa.

Munguva iyi kuMiddle Ages "opusnaya" mumhanzi uye "tsika" huchiripo pakati zvakafanana, zvose zviitiko zvoupenyu hwevanhu vakanga vaine vaimbi achiridza uye womufananidzo kazhinji alternated pachake nziyo dzake nevamwe vanhu pasina kunzwa unopinza mutsetse pakati izvi pfungwa.

Zvaikosha chokubatanidza unyanzvi vatotanga Masvomhu, vavariro chete vakasununguka tama kubva rimwe basa mumwe, uye hazvina vaiona plagiarism. Talent richiratidzwa nzira yokurapa mashoko.

Zvarakanyorwa rira tsika - European utsanzi

Zvishoma nezvishoma akatowedzera chaizvo utsva zvinhu nemabasa, ndiye chisikwa idzva, kwete kare yavapo mimhanzi yaunonyanya, pakuzivikanwa se "kunyora". Mupfungwa iyi, nhoroondo paumbwe European marimba nyanzvi iwe hapana chakasiyana pezvakaitwa kuitika dzimwe makondinendi.

Musiyano mukuru riri chete pakuti kuri Europe zvinobva mutsamba okugadzira zvinhu, pano akaberekwa zvakanyorwa chete Musical tsika dzenyika. Uye kuti zvakachinja zvose: itsva pfungwa zvenziyo uri, asi aesthetic nzira akachinja nyika zvepfungwa pane okugadzira zvinhu, auditory mezviruva dzakatangwa madzidzisiro mumhanzi nenyanzvi.

Pamwe chete unikalizatsiey marimba sezvamunoita, pfungwa "munyori" - musiki chigadzirwa itsva. Rinotevera dzinongoitika danho rakanga kusika mimhanzi kumira-oga kuti akanga asisiri chokuita chero imba zvinodiwa, uye kunokosha pachayo.

The yokungotaura kururamiswa kuti pfungwa "opus"

muzivi wokuGermany uye theorist mimhanzi remakore rechimakumi maviri Carl Dahlhaus yave kuzivikanwa zvinotevera unhu dzaanofanira pfungwa "opus":

• compositional kukwana;
• wakanyorwa akanyorwa worudzii;
• kuzvionera, kusavapo tichisunga kushandiswa mumhanzi;
• "Aesthetic kufungisisa kufanana kushamiswa 'mukati ukoshi" mumhanzi kwakakwana "pasina rugwaro uye mapurogiramu.

Chimwe German mumhanzi theorist Hans Eggebreht akapa kunyatsoenderana tsanangudzo "basa" mafungiro, achinyora kuti "opus" - ndiko:

• theoreticity (kuzviisa pasi pakati mitemo dzidziso);
• kuvapo kupfuma ouzivi kugutsikana;
• zafiksirovanny ari manotsi;
• polyphony;
• runobva kuna munyori;
• kuzara chimiro;
• kusiyana.

Ko shoko "opus" nhasi?

Kusvika panguva opus - haasisiri rondedzero, yakanyorwa manotsi papepa. Shoko "opus" zvinoreva kuti basa rave rakabudiswa mumabhuku uye akanzi imwe nhamba. Zvichienderana nguva apo yakabudiswa mumhanzi, opus angava mukuru kana muduku kusanganiswa okuti.

Kana munguva upenyu munyori mamwe mabasa ake kana harina kudhindwa kamwe uye, naizvozvo, haana opus wake, zvinonzi basa zita "posthumous opus", kureva kuti, munhu yave ichibudiswa pashure yemunyori rufu.

Opus nhamba hakuiti nguva dzose zvinoratidza nguva mabasa kunyora. Kana zvakanyorwa nguva yokutanga basa rake, uye yakabudiswa kekutanga pashure pemakore akawanda, uye opus nhamba ichapiwa pashure. Somuenzaniso, akanga akanyorwa muduku Rondo "Hasha pamusoro akarasika sendi" rava kunopera opus nhamba 129.

Dzimwe munyori rinobudisa mabasa akawanda. Vose vari basa opus nhamba asi zvakasiyana Serial nhamba. Somuenzaniso, 24 Preludes kubudikidza Chopin rakabudiswa sezvo Opus 28, asi vane zvakasiyana Serial nhamba kubva 1 kusvika 24. Saka, mashoko okuti "Chopin - kuvhurira wechishanu" uye "Chopin - Opus 28 №5" anoreva chinhu chimwe.