Osteon ndiyo chivako chepfupa: chimiro uye basa

Iko kune mapfupa makumi maviri nemaviri mumutumbi wemunhu, asi vashomanana vanoziva maitiro avo uye vanonzwisisa kuti nei vakasimba zvakadaro. Asi basa guru munharaunda iyi inoita osteon. Aya ndiwo maumbirwo ayo mapfupa emagumisiro, mbabvu, mazhizha, nezvimwewo akavakwa.Ane rimwewo zita - iyo Havers system.

Chimiro chefupa

Chero bedzi nekuda kwekubatana kwemajoka nemasumbu emuviri wedu, tinokwanisa kutama, uye ichi ndicho basa ravo guru. Iko, hongu, yakawedzera - hematopoiesis, micronutrient metabolism, kuchengetwa (kuchengetwa kwemafuta). Kunyanya iine chimiro chinotevera - masero anokosha emapfupa uye intercellular zvinhu, kunze kwekufukidzira (periosteum), uye mukati memukati iri pane bone marrow.

Pfupa chero ripi neripi rine zvikamu zviviri - zvakagadzirwa uye zvinokonzerwa nespongy. Ikutanga inowanikwa panharaunda, yechipiri - iri pakati, uye ine mapfupa emapfupa, asingaiti chaotically, asi maererano nekusanganiswa kwekunze kwepafu mune imwe nzvimbo.

Bone yakagadzirwa

Kusanganiswa kwehupenyu (30-40%) uye inorganic (60-70%) zvinhu zvinowanikwa pakuumbwa kwemasaga. Inorganic zvinhu zvinosanganisira marashi eakasiyana-siyana emakemikari: phosphate uye calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate nevamwe. Zvose zvavo zvinopera muAicid, mushure mekukanganisa kwayo, chete zvinhu zvinosara zviri mumapfupa, uye pfupa rinoratidzika sechapupuri mukuonekwa uye kubata.

Kubva kuzvinhu zvakasikwa, mafuta, mucoprotein, glycogen uye collagen fibers (inomiririrwa ne ossein, ossseomucoid, elastin) inogona kusarudzwa. Kana pfupa iri kupiswa, chimiro chayo chichachengetedzwa, asi chichava chisina kusimba uye nyore nyore kuputika kana ichikandwa.

Iko kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti pfupa rive rakasimba, rakasimba, asi panguva imwechete yakasununguka.

Aina yemapfupa

Nokusiyana kwechimiro chakakamurwa kuva:

• Tubular. Kune nguva refu uye pfupi. Kubatana kweviri epiphyses uye diaphysis, chimiro chacho chetatu kana cylindrical;
• Spongy - kunyanya zvipembenene zvinoputika zvakakomberedzwa nezvinhu zvakasimba;
• Flat. Idzo mbiri mahwendefa akapfigira, pakati payo pane chinhu chinopisa, semuenzaniso, pfupa re scapula;
• Mixed. Mabhesi ane zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaitiro akaoma. Kune zvakasiyana muhumu uye basa. Semuenzaniso, vertebra ye thoracic ine zvikamu zvitatu-muviri, arc uye chidimbu.

Mhemberero yemapfupa

Tanyatsoongorora mapfupa emapfupa pamasero, tinogona kusiyanisa zvitatu zvemasero zvakasiyana mukugadzirisa uye kuita mabasa avo:

1. Osteoblasts madiki masero makuru makuru ane mesenchymal yakabva. Cylindrical form, nucleus inowanikwa eccentrically. Sero rega rega rine tsananguro yekusangana neavo overeoblasts akavakidzana. Zvinonyanya kushanda ndezvekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuva nemhosva yekuchera.
2. Osteocytes ndiyo imwe nzira inotevera pakuvandudzwa kwemasero epa osteoblast bone, anowanikwa mufupa, iro rave rarega kugadzirwa. Muviri wesero iri duku kana uchienzaniswa neosteoblasts, uye nhamba yehutano yakakura, uye inogona kusiyanisa kunyange mune rimwe ropa. Nheyo yacho yakadererawo muhukuru uye ikava yakaoma. Sero rinoratidzika risina kusvibiswa mu mineralized substance intercellular (maruna).
3. Osteoclasts masero mashoma, iyo yakakura iyo inogona kusvika kusvika ma 80 microns. Ikosi yacho haisi imwe chete, asi yakawanda, sezvo yakaumbwa kubva kune dzakawanda, yakabatana macrophages. Sezvo osteoclast iri mukufamba nguva dzose, maitiro ayo ari kuramba achichinja. Kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwefupa raunoda kuparadza, pane nzira dzakawanda pane sero iyo inoratidzika se "ichiputsa" pfupa, ichibvisa marashi ose uye ichiparadza matrix.

Iyi mitatu yemasero, pamwe chete nechirwere chemamphophosi uye ye-ossein fibers iri munzvimbo isina rusununguko, inorongwa uye inoita mahwendefa, zvakare, kuumba maosteons, intercalary uye mapepa akawanda.

Chimiro chemukati chefupa

Diaphysis ine zvikwata zviviri: Havers system, kana osteon, ndiyo chikamu chikuru - uye mapepa epakati. Chimiro che osteon chakaoma zvikuru. Mahwendefa emapfupa akaiswa muzvigadziri zvemadhenari akasiyana. Izvi zvigadziri zvakasimbiswa mukati meumwe, uye pakati pacho zvinodarika chita inonzi Havers chiteshi. Munharaunda ino, mitsipa nemidziyo yeropa zvinopfuura.

Osteon haisi yakasiyana nedzimwe sangano, rinowanzoita sarudzo pakati pezvimwe zvikamu, pamwe chete ne periosteum nemidziyo yemapfupa. Mushure mezvose, ropa rinopa mahedheni ose rinobva muropa remvura inonzi periosteum, uye rinopinda mufupa marrow spermatozoa. Zvakafanana nemidziyo yeropa panewo magumo ekupedzisira.

Ikoko kune osteon, mifananidzo yehupatidzo, mumufupa unouraya unopindirana nechokureba, uye mumaspongy - anoenzanirana nesimba rekumanikidza uye kutambanudza.

Pfupa rimwe nerimwe rakagadzirwa kubva kune imwe nhamba yezvikwata zvakadai seosteon, biology inoruramisa chimiro chakadai nekuti mutoro pane mumwe nomumwe wavo wakasiyana. Mukadzi wacho anoteererwa nemutoro mukuru pakudzvinyirira paanenge achifamba, nhamba yezvipfeko zvayo mukati ma 1.8 zvikamu. Perraundi millimeter. Uye 11% ndiyo chikamu cheHavers channels.

Maziononi anogara achiparadzaniswa nepakati pemapandeti (anonziwo mapurisa epakati). Hazvisi chinhu kunze kweputsika re bone osteon rave risingaverengeki pane chimwe chikonzero kana chimwe. Mushure mezvose, nzira yekuparadza nekugadzirwa kweHavers mifumo itsva inogara iri mumapfupa.

Mabasa e osteon

Tinonyora mabasa e osteon:

• Chivako chekuvaka chikwata chemapfupa;
• Anopa simba;
• Kudzivirirwa kwegunwe remutsipa uye mudziyo wakatakura ropa.

Zvinonzwisisika kuti osteon isarudzo inoita chimwe chebasa guru mubato redu, pasina iyo skeleton isingagoni kuzadzisa chinangwa chayo chairo - kuchengetedza nhengo, maviri uye muviri uri munzvimbo.