Patriarchy, chii ichocho? Pane zvinhu zviviri zvikuru pfungwa

Patriarchate - chii? Kubva kuchikoro Ndinorangarira kuti paiva matriarchy zvakare, uye zvavari kunoreva rakatumbuka ukuru vamwe pamusoro vamwe - varume pamusoro nevakadzi, uye vakutarisire.

Maitiro zviri kutonga varume

Simba murume ane zvimwe tsanangudzo Somuenzaniso, kana androkratiya andrarhiya, izvo zvose isiyo ukuru chete varume, uyewo patriarchy. Chii - simba baba (nokuti vamwe shanduro) kana magariro nemamiriro munzanga simba rose riri kusimbiswa mumaoko akasimba pabonde? Vose. chimiro kwakadaro munzanga sangano, kana munhu ari mutungamiri kana "hune maatomu akafanana," rine yayo hunhu features, semuenzaniso, patrilineal panguva iyo zvose, kusanganisira nhaka, panguva dzemadzibaba divi. Patrilocality kana apo nzvimbo dzokugara nerimwe nhengo yemhuri pakutsvaga murume. Chikamu shoko rokutanga chairo, "Patrie" rinoratidza kuti chitonge nguva dzose murume, uye kunyange polygyny, apo vakawanda vakadzi, zvose simba riri mumaoko ake.

Patriarchy sezvo pfungwa dzevanhu

Asi zviri mumhuri imwe, uye pamwero wenyika patriarchy - kuti iri? Zviri nzanga, iyo tinoberekwa chechikadzi dzematongerwe, apo mukomana inokura pamwe pfungwa chechikadzi kusaruramisira uye nhongo kuvamumwe sechinhu kuongwa apo kodzero dzose, kusanganisira kodzero yekusarudza ose mabasa, sarudzo uye mutoro wavo kuuraya, hakuzi kuvanhu. Evanhu vemazuva ano, rudzi patriarchy asi zvakavanzika, hazvina haanzi neHurumende, asi kwezviuru zvemakore dzakabudirira dzemunharaunda ukama munhurume, mitemo yetsika akaisa pasi kuti vanhu pamusoro subconscious chechetere.

The nechitendero rokuti

Zvisinei, kudzidza, izwi iri kushandiswa kwete chete kureva enyika pfungwa Orthodoxy ndeimwe anowanzodanwa kushandiswa shoko. Mune zvokunamata, patriarchy, kuti ndiyo? Uyu ndi kereke. Munguva yedu, sezvo ari pre-Petrine (mambo mukuru chakagumisa patriarchate, uye sangano iri rakadzorerwa somugumisiro Mutongo Local Council of 1917-18). Akasarudzwa Patriarch Tikhon, uyo akatungamirira chechi kusvikira muna 1925. The bvunzo izwi rinoreva marongedzero rokuvaka hierarchical simba chechi. Kazhinji, kokutanga kuRussia ari patriarchate wakatangwa muna 1589, uye musoro wekereke wokutanga aiva Jobho. Munguva Soviet, kuti Patriarchate hunoramba uchivandudzwa muna 1943, panguva yehondo. Segiyo Stragorodsky vakananga Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia kusvikira 1944, apo akafa.

mutsivi Its, Alexios Ndakapedza yose kukomba muguta rakakombwa uye paakavapa ari menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Leningrad". zita rake munyika - SV Simansky, ari Moscow Patriarchate, akanga kubva muna 1945 kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1970. All Zvakazoitwa zvitsauko Roc vakaita zvose zvinogoneka ndiponesezve Orthodoxy uye utano rwacho pakunamata. Kubvira muna 1971, akatungamirirwa MP Pimen munyika Sergey Mihaylovich Izvekov, uyo akafa muna 1990. It chikatsiviwa Aleksey Mihaylovich Ridiger, akazova tateguru muna 1990 pasi zita seizvi Alexy II. Current musoro MP ndiye Kirill kubva 2009 (munyika Gundyaev Vladimir Mihaylovich).

guru autocephaly

Large patriarchates Orthodox (dzakanyorwa maererano diptych) - Constantinople, Alexandria, Andiyoki, Jerusarema uye Moscow uye vanoverengeka autocephalous (self contained mukati vasina kuroora Somuenzaniso, Bulgarian, Hungary, etc ...), Churches, runonyanya riri mundima kunyika Eastern Europe, zvose vari pamwe chete (uye kune 15 chete mukuru) ndivo The Orthodox Church.

Chokwadi, pane vakawanda machechi kuti yakabva Orthodoxy asi kare ndezvaJehovha kwaari, akadai "Old Calendarists Greek" kana "Russian Church tsika" - kune vazhinji zvakasiyana, asi hazvisi patriarchates Orthodox.

Another zita Roc

The Russian Church Orthodox ndiyo huru kupfuura huripo machechi autocephalous emo. On yakakura yeRussia pane 136 dioceses. Kunze kwavari pane dzakawanda dhazeni stavropegic, izvo zvinosanganisira dzemamongi, yemamongi, ukama uye machechi, omurume tateguru (umo zvakafamba inonzi svyaschennoarhimandritom) uye regai kuvimba diocesan zviremera zvakananga. Uye upfumi zvose izvi ane mukuru yakasiyana zita - the Moscow Patriarchate, kana MP. Iye rakava cheshanu ari mazita vakapemberera ari yokunamata - the diptych, uye kuzivikanwa zvose sezvo chete chepamutemo dzakafuridzirwa Church yeOrthodox munharaunda Kishi nyika. Zvinofadza kuona kuti pamberi MP uye Moscow Patriarchate pamberi 2000 zvaishandiswa uchitsanangura nemashoko okuti. Zvino Moscow Patriarchate unomirira zvose masangano kuti vanomhanya pamutana zvakananga. The Moscow Patriarchate haibatanidzi Old Vatendi, yeOrthodox yeRussia zvionera Church (ROAC) uye Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia Kunze Russia (ROCOR). Panguva Moscow Patriarchate Nde gwaro - the Charter of yeRussia yeOrthodox. Rinotaura kuti kumusoro simba uye kereke kutarisira ndivo Local Council, neDare maBhishopu uye Dzvene Revafundisi, izvo hunange neDare Patriarch of Moscow uye Russia All.