Physiology - chii? History uye anokosha physiology

Pakati pamatavi zvipenyu uye mishonga pakubata adzidze muviri womunhu, izvozvo ane nzvimbo inokosha nzvimbo physiology. Chii vasiri hurongwa, izvo zvinotaurwa nayo inoshanda uye anokonzera chii - mibvunzo aya kuongororwa vakakurumbira masayendisiti: I. P. Pavlovym, P. K. Anohinym, I. M. Sechenovym. In basa redu, tinogona kufunga nzendo kukura uye paumbwe physiology. Next, Kutarira munzvimbo kudzidza metabolic pezvakaitwa kwete chete womunhu muviri, asi mhuka uye zvinomera. Kutipawo mienzaniso kutsigira anobatsira kukosha sayenzi mugadziriro mashandiro zvomukati uye masero womunhu muviri kuti kukura mushonga uye utano kuchengetedzwa.

History of physiology

Mumwe vaongorori kutanga kudzidza zvaidiwa kupanana zvinhu kwevanhu, aiva muvambi mushonga - Hippocrates. Chiremba Chirungu Harvey, uyo akararama muzana remakore rechi17, akasimbisa nheyo kufamba ropa mune namahwindo hurongwa tsinga uye akazarura systemic riparadzirwe. Italian yefizikisi uye musayendisiti L. Galvani akaita kuedza, kuti azive hunhu tsinga nomunhu, uye nheyo Neurophysiology. Ichi bazi sayenzi yakanga dzakwidzwa yakatanga anoonga basa M. I. Sechenova, V. M. Behtereva, P. K. Anohina. rakakura adzidze kufema ezvinhu Mabasa vane mishonga: Lavoisier uye J. Priestley.

physiology nzvimbo iri chaivo anoranga maitiro

Patinodzidza kuratidzwa kwete chete masero, nhengo uye nyama, asi yose muviri upenyu sezvo isina utachiona hurongwa, physiology zvinokosha akabatana Boka chairo - kushanda - matavi zvipenyu. Izvi zvinosanganisira nemakemikari omuviri, cytology uye histology. Vanobatana metabolic maitiro panguva samolecular, cellular uye tishu pamwero. Kutevedzerwa embriology Genet achidzidza kubereka kushanda uye kupararira enhaka zvivako. Uye pakupedzisira, rinokosha ndiwo ukama pakati physiology uye anatomi, pasina pazviri pasingabviri kugadzirisa tsanangudzo kwemasayendisiti kuitika nerimwe dzichipfekeka hurongwa: ari huta, kwemakemikari anobudiswa, kweropa, etc ...

Mupiro I. P. Pavlova kuti kudzidza zvomudumbu pezvakaitwa

Zvesayenzi Tsanangudzo physiology, zvinogona akapfupikisa sezvinotevera: icho nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza mashandiro anoita zvose hurongwa mumuviri upenyu. Nemakemikari kuita kuti kuitika zvomudumbu yevanhu turakiti, uyewo nzira inodzora navo, vave kuzivikanwa nokuda akakurumbira Russian musayendisiti I. P. Pavlovym. unyanzvi hwake fistula yakabatsira kuzarura zvakavanzika duodenal mumasero. Zvakanzi akagadzawo maitikiro ose kugaya mudumbu uye akadzidza makemikari anoumba gastric muto, mira kunze chyme kunyange asati anopinda muviri mhango. Zvakava pachena kuti yakadaro physiology kuti kugaya.

Nemhaka yaro yakasiyana kwavo zvakarurama kuvhiyiwa mhuka, masayendisiti akapa yakakwana kunotoda mufananidzo kushanda mate omumuviri, chiropa, mudumbu. Pfungwa makemikari Sero ravo secretory iri kuchinjwa excitation nzvimbo unconditional hunenge muuropi hunde.

The musayendisiti akaratidza neuro-humoral zvigadziriswe pakati mutemo kugaya, nokuti icho muna 1904 akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize. Research I. P. Pavlova yaikosha kupindura mubvunzo "chii physiology kwevanhu uye chii chiri basa zvoutachiona anoranga wegadziriro?".

The hunoshanda kukosha kwebasa I. M. Sechenova

Brilliant Panovhurwa havaoni zviri chinovhiringidza nechepakati tsinga Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova vachiri kushanda yokungotaura hwaro adzidze dzinotsanagura mafungiro, ndangariro, mashoko. Scientific isimbiswe chikuru mirayiridzo uropi hunenge zvidzidzo uye takatsunga pamberi ari thalamus diencephalon vemo akamedura centre. Maererano pfungwa I. M. Sechenova, zvichikurukura muchinangwa nedanho irradiation ose inhibitory pezvakaitwa vanoita chaiyo mamorekuru - neurotransmitters, synthesized mumuviri uye uchingounganidza muropa plasma.

Scientist rokutanga akapa tsanangudzo chii physiology muviri murwere. Zvakabatsira sehwaro mushonga mu mubvunzo akarurama chirwere uye kusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira kurapwa. Dzidziso I. M. Sechenova pamusoro feedbacks ari dzepanguva basa uropi raiva chinodiwa kuti nokuumba Sayenzi cybernetics.

Pfungwa dzichipfekeka gadziriro

Anokosha womunhu muviri sezvo zvemberi rakazaruka-chaivo hurongwa anoenda kure dzepanguva siyana. Russian musayendisiti Famous P. K. Anohin yakatanga dzidziso kutsanangura kwerunyararo kugara womukati ezvinhu achibatsirwa zvakaoma vasiri nhengo uye hurongwa. basa ravo chikwata vanochengetedza pamwero homeostasis unoenderana muviri wakasimba, uye ari nokudzorwa kunzwisisa maitiro mabasa. Research masayendisiti akabatsira kupindura mubvunzo, chii physiology kuvakuru huta basa, akasimbisa I. M. Sechenova akafunga nezvebasa dzakanga nzvimbo cerebral cortex kupa sarudzo yemarongero kuzadzisa zvinangwa uye nzira chido mabasa evanhu.

Mumiviri yedu pane dzichipfekeka mugadziriro maviri siyana. Wokutanga kuchibva zvigadziriswe kuti pave kwerunyararo homeostasis Via neurohumoral murau. Anopa hwandaiva ropa shuga sandara, pakati Zvinoumba plasma yeropa, BP, uye zvichingodaro. D. yechipiri Hurongwa anotsigira rutsigiro muviri upenyu Via kudyidzana pamwe dzinogarisana kuburikidza maitiro chinja.

zvemukati kufema

Sezvo zvino tinoziva, nenhungamiro chaivo enyika pamwero yakasiyana-siyana sangano nyaya mhenyu - samolecular, cellular, zvinyama uye organogenic - kudzidza sayenzi physiology. Chii muviri nechimwe chezvinhu izvi siyana, uye sezvo zvinoitika - mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi zvinopa kushanda Mazinga.

Saka, kukurukura physiology kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu gasi Exchange foni afemeruke, runotikurudzira kuchengeteka womunhu muviri pamwe oxygen. It anopinda redox siyana pamwe Organic zvinhu sero, mauri akasunungura simba iri vaunganidza muchimiro ATP mamorekuru izvo anoshandiswa muviri kushanda tsandanyama kukura. Sezvaunogona kuona, asi vasiri pezvakaitwa ndivo chinhu chinokosha chinowanikwa zvose zvipenyu enyika panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura sangano ravo.