Poriyo: kubaya purogiramu vana

Poriyo - kusachengeteka kukuru kutapuriranwa zvokurwara, umo utachiona kunokanganisa pfumbu nyaya musana uye medulla oblongata. nemigumisiro yayo ndiwo muviri, zvichitungamirira urema zvachose. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna Russia, Europe uye America aigona kukurira chirwere ichi nengozi, uye vakabatsira kuti kubaya pamusoro poriyo. Purogiramu muRussia anogovera mufambiro wavo mumwedzi zvoupenyu mwana wokutanga.

poriyo

Poriyo - kusachengeteka kukuru chirwere zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi ose serotypes matatu. Panobva chirwere muri vanhu vanorwara uye utachiwana vatakuri. Maperembudzi wakapiwa kubudikidza fecal-nemumuromo uye mumate. Kureva, unogona kuti utachiona vachionana, kuburikidza nemvura, ndiro, zvigadzirwa, iro akawana utachiona. Munguva kwokunze zvakatipoteredza, zviri kugadzikana zvokuti kungakonzera idenda. Zvikuru kubatwa kuitwa vana vake kubva 3 months kusvika 5 years. With mifananidzo siyana poriyo utachiona inorwisa injini nuclei uropi hunde uye musana. Akaora chinotaurwa kana yomumuzongoza kana kugadzira rutivi, paresis, tsandanyama atrophy. Uyewo, chirwere kungava asymptomatic kana obliterated. Kwoupenyu hwose kutapata unochengeta vanhu vakatsungirira poriyo. majekiseni anodzivirira purogiramu kunoita zvomwana rakagadzirwa nevanhu rokuzvidzivirira pazvirwere. Asi tinofanira kuyeuka kuti pasina kubaya, kunyange vachirwara poriyo, munhu anogona kuzodzosera kombera navo, asi pomutumwa achaita yakasiyana mhando utachiona.

marudzi yokudzivirira

To musi, marudzi maviri yokudzivirira yakatanga. Kusiyanisa mhenyu zvokuudzwa poriyo mushonga (OPV) uye inactivated poriyo mushonga (IPV). MuRussia, panguva mamiriro pamwero, zviyero zvose anotorwa yokuderedza padanho chirwere muna vemo, uye kuvaka kutapata zvirwere zvakadai poriyo. Inoculation (majekiseni anodzivirira purogiramu zvichakurukurwa pazasi) anogona kuitwa zvose OPV uye IPV. Vose shanduro mushonga ine zvose mhando nhatu hutachiwana hunokonzera chirwere ichi. In nyika yedu iri kubvumirwa kushandiswa sechinhu mhenyu uye inactivated yokudzivirira. Uyezve, chikamu chokupedzisira gadziriro rechirume "Tetrakok" iro rinoshandiswa kureva mawa kubaya pamusoro zvirwere zvakadai diphtheria, tetenasi, pertussis, poriyo. Purogiramu kubaya anobvumira yokupedzisira zvirongwa zviviri. Mune mumwe wavo nokuda kubaya vanoshandisa IPV uye OPV nokuda revaccination, apo mumwe kunosanganisira kutanga IPV oga.

nomumukanwa mushonga

OPV yakatanga muna 1955 nevanhu American virologist A. Sabin. It unotora munhu mupenyu, asi simba utachiona. Externally, kuti mushonga imvura, mavara ari mutsvuku ane zvinovava aftertaste. The mushonga chinotarisirwa nemuromo instillation, zvichienderana ayo wevasungwa, kubva 2 kusvika 4 madonhwe. Purogiramu kubaya kuzorwa poriyo vana pasi rimwe gore mushonga inokurudzirwa anoviga pamudzi rurimi kudzivisa regurgitation. In vanhu vakwegura nayo anounzwa pamusoro tonsils. Mushure nzira, neawa uchida asava zvokudya uye zvokunwa. Kana mwana achiri srygnul, kuzodzosera akasuma chete dose.

Kuburikidza lymphoid zvinyama pamusoro pharynx attenuated utachiona kupinda ura, apo pavanotanga muwande, mukupindura izvo zvirwere anotanga kubudisa antibodies, nokuda izvo muviri achiumbwa uye kudzivirirwa. Kana utachiona ichi, kushingaira utachiona poriyo vari kusashanda, saka kuti hosha asingadi kuva, kana anopfuura nenzira nyore nenzira, pasina anokonzera paresis uye kuoma nhengo dzomuviri.

inactivated mushonga

Pakuvamba, muna 1950, aiva George. Salk akapiwa imwe inactivated mushonga raiva auraya utachiwana. Zvinonzi kutarisirwa jekiseni uye asunungurwa muchimiro kuraswa syringes, zviri izvo chete kubaya pamusoro poliomyelitis. kubaya purogiramu Kazhinji varumbidzwa kushandisa imwe inactivated mushonga nokuda kubaya. IPV chinotarisirwa intramuscularly mu pechidya kana repamusoro ruoko. Kana kushandiswa kwayo haina vaifanira kurega zvokudya uye zvokunwa.

ongororo kwakaratidza kuti vaviri yokudzivirira dzinobudirira uye kuti tikwanise kuva simba kutapata zvirwere zvakadai poriyo. majekiseni anodzivirira purogiramu rinobvumira kushandiswa imwe mushonga, kuchitsamira pamunhu zvechadenga mwana. Chisarudzo ichi kunowanzoitwa kwachiremba wevana, ane rokutanga kuongororwa uye kuunganidza hwakadzama zvokurapa kare. Chete pashure mwana kana akura kwave nyatsonzvera, iye akabvuma kuti kubaya kwezvirwere zvakadai poriyo (mushonga).

kubaya purogiramu

Majekiseni anodzivirira purogiramu, inova huru gwaro yokudzora ari majekiseni anodzivirira misi munyika yedu inoda kuti nhomba pamusoro poriyo mumatanho dzakawanda. Panguva iyoyo nezuva rokutanga vavo (kubaya) kushandisa inactivated mushonga, uye hunotevedzana (booster) - kurarama. vanoronga kwakadaro anonzi kuti Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuti simba kutapata kuti chirwere.

The mushonga yokutanga pamusoro poriyo (majekiseni anodzivirira purogiramu kuchabatsira vabereki vaduku dzokumabvazuva) ari IRP iri pasi pemakore 3 months. kubaya Next Vaitakurawo IPV muna 4,5 mwedzi, uye yechitatu (OPV) - 6 mwedzi. Zvadaro shandisa booster, izvo kunoitika mumatanho matatu:

• mwedzi 18 (OPV);

• mwedzi 20 (OPV);

• Makore 14 (OPV).

Kunewo majekiseni anodzivirira purogiramu, izvo kushandisa gadziriro chete inactivated. Muchiitiko chino, kubaya ndiko:

• 3 months;

• 4.5 mwedzi;

• 6 mwedzi.

Zvinotevera inoculation poriyo booster purogiramu zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mazwi:

• mwedzi 18;

• 6 Makore.

Sezvaunogona kuona, tichishandisa IPV purogiramu ari zvishoma kupfupiswa. Kwakadaro Zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa munyika dzakawanda, haisi rarambidzwa Russia.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana vamwe chikonzero ari kubaya purogiramu iri haachatauri, hazvina zvakakodzera kusiya nekutambira majekiseni. mazuva 45, izvo vaumbe sezvo penguva pakati marapiro, ndivo shoma rokuti, uye kana zvikava, ipapo pachava chinhu kunetseka. Nezvekugadzirwa kutapata panguva ino kurega, uye haufaniri kutanga majekiseni anodzivirira wokutanga. Kureva, kana chero pavaipfuura kubaya yakanga Haatauri nezvirwere zvakadai poriyo, kubaya purogiramu chete kuramba zano, uye haana kutanga majekiseni anodzivirira wokutanga. Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti OPV uye IPV muri zvinodhaka kuchinjaniswa.

Kuwedzera kune yakaronga zviitwa kuti vana Russia iri inoitwa uye majekiseni anodzivirira vanhu vakuru. Izvi zvinoitika kana munhu achipinda imwe nzvimbo pane mukuru kuitika utachiona, kana kuzvidzivirira mwero kana mumwe nzvongo chirwere.

kuti mushonga kuita

Pasinei chokwadi kuti ano yokudzivirira zvichishivirirwa kazhinji zvakanaka, pakupindurwa mushonga inogona kuteverwa nomunhu kuita. Kazhinji, OPV zviri kusimba. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa tembiricha vanomutsirwa 37,0-37,5 ° mu vhiki rechipiri pashure inoculation. Uyewo mumazuva maviri angava zvishoma manyoka. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kwakadaro kuita zvisinganyanyi kuitika, hazvina kuipa uye haatarisiri vavashandire. Kazhinji, vose zvirwere izvi pachavo.

Kana achiita IPV panguva jekiseni nzvimbo chingava zvishoma kuzvimba, uye pazvinobvira duku kuwedzera muviri tembiricha, kudya kwepfungwa, kuzvidya mwoyo.

yematambudziko

The chete zvakakomba kuomesa kwakaita mushonga uyu mushonga-chokuita mutezo poliomyelitis - vApp. Sezvineiwo, zviri apo neapo. It kazhinji kunoitika pashure kushandiswa rokutanga OPV (kanenge - panguva yechipiri kubaya) uye unobuda ose zvinhu aripo poriyo (paresis, muviri, tsandanyama atrophy). Mukana VAPP mukuru nevana yakaderera kutapata, vakaremara zvokukura, kurarama HIV kana AIDS, kana kushandiswa chete OPV kubaya. Kuti izvi zvisaitike kuomesa contingent IPV chete rinoshandiswa kuti majekiseni anodzivirira.

Cherechedza - unvaccinated vanhu (pasinei nezera) kutambura kubva pasi kutapata (HIV, AIDS) kana kushandisa zvinodhaka, zvinonzi woutsinye kuwana vApp kubva mwana batanidza OPV, sezvo mwedzi miviri pashure kubaya excrete hutachiwana zvakatipoteredza.

Contraindications

Purogiramu kubaya kuzorwa poliomyelitis vana unoratidza zvinotevera contraindications kuti majekiseni anodzivirira:

• chenjera zvirwere kana exacerbation echirwere pathologies - kubaya iri kunonoka kusvika 4 mavhiki pashure kupora, panyaya yakaderera-simba SARS kubaya anogona kuitwa pashure normalization kuti tembiricha;

• zvakakomba sema pakarambwa zvinoumba ari mushonga;

• immunodeficiencies, malignancies, immunosuppressive inoti;

• chetsinga zvinetso, yakabuda yapfuura majekiseni.