Chii ropa, vose anoziva. Tinozviona sezvo kukuvadza ganda Somuenzaniso, kana kuchekwa kana nezvironda zvetsono. Tinoziva kuti gobvu uye tsvuku. Asi chii chiri muropa? Hazvina anoziva vose. Zvichakadai, mamiriro ayo yakaoma uye heterogeneous. Iyi haisi dzvuku zvokunwa. Color kunopa haisi plasma, uye yunifomu nezvimedu mairi. Ngationei, chii ropa redu.
Chii ropa?
The yose Vhoriyamu ropa mumuviri womunhu unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri. Chokwadi, nokupesana pane zvinodiwa. Chikamu chokutanga - peripheral, kuti ndiye inoyerera muna arteries, mutsinga uye capillaries, wechipiri - ropa riri ropa-nokuumba nhengo uye munyama. Sezvingatarisirwa, zviri ichi- rinoparadzirwa kuburikidza nomuviri, uye nokuti chakarongwa kuparadzana. ropa Human rinoumbwa zviviri zvinoti - plasma, uye aumba nezvimedu varimo. Iri masero matsvuku eropa, chena ropa masero uye maplatelet. Vakasiyana mumwe kwete mamiriro asiwo anoita basa mumuviri. Vamwe nezvimedu zvakawanda vamwe zvishoma. Kuwedzera dzakafanana zvinoriumba, antibodies siyana uye zvimwe zvacho zvinowanikwa muropa revanhu. Kazhinji, ropa riri chena. Asi pathological pezvakaitwa ane chirwere zvisikwa zvinokwanisika kuona utachiona uye utachiona. Saka, chii chiri muropa, uye chii zvikuru ndivo zvinoriumba? mubvunzo uyu yagara vakadzidza, uye sayenzi chaiwo nenhamba. Ari mukuru kwevanhu yeplasma pacharo yakawandisa kubva 50 kusvika 60%, uye aumba zvinoriumba - kubva 40 kusvika 50% ropa rose. Zvakakosha kuziva? Chokwadi, nokuziva chikamu ropa masero matsvuku kana machena eropa count, unogona kuongorora hutano munhu. Nhamba yacho aumba nezvimedu kusvika zvachose ropa vhoriyamu anonzi hematocrit. Kakawanda, haisi nezvezvandaifanira zvinoriumba zvose, uye chete tsvuku masero eropa. indekisi iri akatsunga kushandisa kudzidza girazi chubhu umo ropa anoiswa uye rakanga centrifuged. Saka inorema zvinoriumba richanyura kusvikira pasi, uye plasma, nekusiyana, rinobuda. Ropa sezvo exfoliates. Pashure paizvozvo wevanamakanika anogona chete overenga chii chikamu zvinoda mumwe kana mumwe zvinoriumba. In mushonga, miedzo izvi anoshandiswa nevakawanda. Zvino vari kuita pane zvaitika hematology analyzers.
plasma
Plasma - nemvura ndiye chinoumba ropa, umo vari yakaturikwa masero, mapuroteni nezvimwewo yeimwe. Maererano naye, ivo zvakakumikidzwa mapazi uye munyama. Chii plasma? About 85% - ndiyo mvura. The yasara 15% vane makemikari uye inorganic zvinhu. Uyewo, magasi ari plasma. Izvi, Chokwadi, carbon dioxide uye oxygen. On inorganic zvinhu pamusana 3-4%. Izvi anions (PO 4 3-, HCO 3-, SO 4 2-) uye cations (MG 2+, K +, Na +). The organics (vanenge 10%) akakamurwa senitrogen isina (remafuta akawandisa, shuga, lactate, phospholipids) uye senitrogen-tune zvinhu (acids amino, mapuroteni, urea). Also rinowanikwa muropa muplasma pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu: makemikari, hormone mavhitaminzi. Ivo pamusana anenge 1%. In mashoko histology yeplasma - ichi chinhu akafanana intercellular mvura.
erythrocytes
Saka, chii chiri muropa omunhu? Kunze yeplasma mairi uye zvinoumbwa inoramba. Red masero eropa, kana erythrocytes, zvichida kupfuura boka yenhengo izvi. Red masero ropa vakura ezvinhu asina neerekitironi. In chimiro akafanana biconcave discs. hwavo upenyu kumwedzi mazuva 120, pashure zviri Vakaparadza. Izvi zvinoitika muna chirwatata uye chiropa. Masero matsvuku eropa zvine mapuroteni rinokosha - hemoglobin. It basa rinokosha mune nedanho gasi exchange. In nezvimedu izvi, yakachena nezvifambiso uye carbon dioxide. Ndicho puroteni inonzi hemoglobin kunoita ropa dzvuku.
maplatelet
Chii muropa romunhu, kunze plasma uye masero matsvuku? Rine maplatelet. Ndivo zvikuru. maduku aya asiri yenyukireya masero ane dhayamita pamusoro 2-4 micrometer kutamba yakaoma basa thrombosis uye homeostasis. Maplatelet vari denderedzwa-kufanana chimiro. Ivo tenderera norusununguko muropa. Asi avo runoratidza kukwanisa kuva vanoteerera vascular kukuvara. Ndizvo basa ravo zvikuru. Kana kukuvadzwa kweropa mudziyo rusvingo chokuita mumwe "midzi" zvaparadzwa,, pova gobvu chaizvo clot iyo kunodzivisa ropa dziriko. Maplatelet vari akaumba mushure kusabatana yavo hombe vamutangira megakaryocytes. Ivo vanowanikwa mumwongo. megakaryocyte Total aumba kubva tysyach maplatelet rimwe 10. Uyu kumbonyanya guru nhamba. The rakapedza maplatelet upenyu 9 mazuva. Chokwadi, vanogona kurarama uye zvishoma sezvo kufa panguva blockage ari kukuvara ropa mudziyo. maplatelet Older dziparare muna chirwatata uye nedanho phagocytosis kubudikidza chiropa Via Kupffer masero.
leukocytes
masero ropa White, kana leukocytes - ndivo vaishandira zvirwere. Ndiyo chete PARTICIPLE vanhu kuti ndiye chikamu ropa, iro rinogona kusiya muropa uye kupinda munyama. Kukwanisa ichi kuti vanoshingaira kubatsira kuzadzika zvikuru basa - kudzivirira dzimwe nevamiririri. Leukocytes achiparadza pathogenic mapuroteni nezvimwe yeimwe. Ivo vanobatanidzwa masoja siyana, saka pave T-masero kugona nemavhairasi, mapuroteni vavatorwa nezvimwe zvinhu. Uyewo lymphocytes dzoga B masero kugadzira antibodies uye macrophages unopedza masero zvikuru pathogenic. Zvakakosha zvikuru mune chirwere kwezvirwere ropa vanoziva. It zvakawedzera uwandu ropa masero machena mariri inoratidza kuzvimba hwapedyo.
Achigadzira nhengo
Saka, Kudzokorora murwiyo uye mashandiro ropa, akasiya kufunga apo paro nezvimedu vari aumba. Vane pfupi pasherefu upenyu, saka unofanira kugara dzifambirane nenguva. Vasiri patsva yenhengo ropa kwakavakirwa dzinotsanagura kuparadzwa masero akwegura uye, naizvozvo, nokuumbwa vatsva. It unowanikwa hematopoietic nhengo. Anokosha wavo munhu mwongo. It riri mu pfupa refu uye chiuno. Ropa yakasvinwa muna chirwatata uye chiropa. mitumbi aya kunze kwayo immunological kuzvidzora.