Poster - Chiiko ichi? Meaning uye mhando mapepa

Munyika yanhasi, posita - ndiwo chinhu kujairana chii munhu anotarisana kakawanda zuva uye saizvozvo vakadzidza hanya nayo. Zvisinei, makore 100 chete apfuura ichi chinhu aiva gimmick uye anoita vose anoriona, kumbomira mu pakuyemura uye kutenda zvose zvakanyorwa pamusoro payo. posita sei? Chii? Ndezvipi nemhando mapepa ikoko? Ngatizive nezvazvo.

Shoko rokuti "posita"

Kutanga, zvinokosha kunzwisisa tsanangudzo pazita vaiona.

Poster akadana kushambadza kana manyepo mufananidzo, achiperekedzwa chiduku rugwaro kana pfupi sirogani. Kazhinji, mapepa anobudiswa huru zvinogona kubvira A3.

Dzimwe nguva anonzi posita kana mapepa.

Kazhinji, zvifananidzo aya akatasva pamadziro uye masuo zvivako kana munzvimbo zvikuru akasarudzwa. Vamwe Fans mapepa okleivayut misha yavo.

Mune zvimwe yakatetepa pfungwa yeshoko achireva chaiyo mhando Graphics.

Uyewo, pazita ichi ndechimwe vaparidzi inozivikanwa kwazvo anoparadzirwa USSR rakanzi, akavapo kubva pakati paNovember 70s kusvika 2006. Munguva ino, "Poster" kushandiswa kwete eponymous kugadzirwa nyaya, asi kuti kudhinda postcards, Portraits, mapikicha, etc. . n.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti pasi review,

Tsvagurudza mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti: "Chii - posita", zvinokosha kufunga rakatanga pazita.

Kokutanga mumutauro Russian shoko rakanyorwa muna 1704 kusvikira pakupera XIX remakore, zvisinei, akanga achishingaira kushandiswa.

In Russian zvakaitika kubva muchiLatin, French nechiJerimani. Pakuvira kwezuva vaRoma kazhinji anoshandisa izwi placatum, uyo anonzi vaGiriyedhi.

Mushure emakore mashoma mumutauro French yakaumbwa kubva rechiito placatum plaquer ( «naleplyat chinhu"). Uye iyewo, vakabatsira kuti kwaita kungonyaradza pazita placard.

Kubva French izwi kwave akakweretwa kubudikidza vokuGermany uye zvishoma dzakachinjwa - the Plakat. Hazvina chimiro iyi pazita rakanga mumutauro wokuRussia, uye richiripo nanhasi.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza inonakidza chokwadi: muFrance nhasi placard izwi iri kashoma kushandiswa, pachinzvimbo chaiko shoko affich. In vanotaura Chirungu nyika inonzi posita.

Features posita

Mufananidzo uyu mhando ine nhamba chaiyo zvinhu kusiyanisa kubva mamwe kudhinda zvinhu.

Chokutanga, ichi ndicho chinangwa zvakanzi zvakasikwa: airwarirwa vamwe uye vaudzei pamusoro chinhu. Panyaya iyi, mapepa uye zvakanyorwa pamusoro pavo zvinowanzoitwa guru uye rakajeka. Mukuwedzera, vanoshandisa zvishoma chemashoko, kwete kuti tai monitors kuverenga refu uye kuvapa kukwanisa kukurumidza kunzwisisa zvaanoreva.

Kazhinji, mashoko akanyorwa posita - ndiwo mamwe catchy sirogani (kazhinji ane chinhu zvinosetsa kana wordplay) uye zita chigadzirwa kana basa, kuzivisa here kuti akaita mufananidzo uyu.

Nyaya posita

Inodzidzisa uye chirongwa mapepa zvakatanga kushandiswa nevanhu muIjipiti yekare. Zvisinei, ukuwo mapepa vaifanira abate varanda kutiza.

VaGiriki uye vaRoma vakanga zvakawanda hunoshanda uye tsika. Vakashandisa mapepa mifananidzo uye rugwaro kuti azivise kutengeserana vaitaura, uyewo mapepa nokuda yemitambo.

The posita yokutanga (ari ano mupfungwa) akanga kupendwa kubudikidza sezvakarayirwa British bookseller Batdolda 1482 Businessman nayo vachiedza kutengesa itsva shanduro "Euclidean geometry".

Pashure paizvozvo, mazana emakore anoverengeka mapepa vakaona zvisinganyanyi kuitika. Zvisinei, muna pakati XIX remakore. lithographer French Zhyul Shere akasarudza kukudziridza pfungwa Batdolda. Muna 1866 iye asvinudza rake Studio, kushandisa pagadzirwe mapepa muParis. Cheret, kambani kwakabudirira zvikuru. Nokuti vaviri makore, zvaakasika vezviuru inobwinya mapepa, anokukoka kupinda mabasa kana kuratidzira. Mumwe nomumwe wayo posita - kwaiva basa chairo ounyanzvi, izvo zvose chinoitwa noruoko. Zviya, Cher akaisa pasi mirayiridzo inokosha unyanzvi magadzirirwo mapepa kuti havana kurasa kushanda kwavo nhasi.

By kuguma XIX remakore. mapepa vava chinokosha chiitiko chinokosha chero. Panguva iyoyo vakanga hwakawedzera kwete kushandiswa sezvo mapepa uye kushambadza chero zvinhu kana mabasa.

Vagari wokuRussia Empire mumakore vakanaka ainyatsoziva chii posita. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nokuti XIX remakore mumakore gumi adarika. kusika kushambadza mufananidzo rava mukurumbira chaizvo muumambo hwacho. Izvi runoratidzwa ndechokuti panguva iyi kwaiva World Exhibition kuti mapepa yakaitwa Russia.

Sezvo pakutanga XX remakore shinaira promotional mifananidzo zvave achishingaira kushandiswa enyika nokusagadzikana. Kuva nemapiyona iyi kana French vakatanga zvakare.

Kunyanya zvakawedzera kushandiswa enyika mapepa mushure World War First. Akurudzire majaya kuenda sevazvipiri nechemberi, uyewo rubatsiro rwemari kuti paumba vagari kuti mamiriro, yakadhindwa uye wakavhomorwa zviuru mapepa munyika dzose European.

Pashure pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1917 munharaunda aimbova hwacho makore mashoma kusika mumwe chete akaita mufananidzo rutsigiro - enyika posita. Zvichireva nayo zvakakwana kunzwisisa zvose vakuru wehurumende, saka kakawanda zvinogadzirwa zvakadai anobudiswa pakupedzisira mari yake, pane kuzvipa kuziya vagari.

With pakatanga Hondo Yenyika II pose vakatanga kubudisa Anti-yechiFascist mapepa. The pedyo nayo akaenda kukunda Nazi Germany, ndipo netariro vakava.

Pashure pokugadzwa rugare Europe, nyika dzakawanda (kusanganisira USSR) aigona zvakare pfungwa pakuberekwa kutsva wayo upfumi. Kubva iyoyo kusvikira nhasi, kunyanya dzakakurumbira kutanga kushandisa mapepa uye mifananidzo uchirondedzera matambudziko ostrosotsialnyh (udhakwa, kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, utsotsi), anodzidzisa chiziviso (pamusoro muviri, zuva nezuva, kunobaisa uye zvichingodaro. N.).

Mhando mapepa kuti rwendo

Wakabata pamwe zvinoreva uye nhoroondo iri, zvinokosha kucherechedza mhando yayo. Saka, chii vari mapepa nechinangwa zvisikwa zvavo?

• Advertising. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira yemitambo uye firimu mapepa ose kuratidzira, misangano, shambadzo uye zvichingodaro. N.
• Information. Hapana vari kudana, aitozviratidza chinhu. Kazhinji, mapepa aya akawanda rwezuva uye mifananidzo shoma. Izvi zvinosanganisira monographs uye mapepa.
• Training. Yakarongerwa somunhu bhuku, unokurudzira nani kuitwa mashoko.
• Kutungamirirwa. In pfupi uye anonzwisisika sezvatingagona kupa ruzivo pamusoro mitemo yokuzvibata munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye mano ngozi.
• Political. Ndivo nzira inokosha ndaitaurisa nezvekodzero dzevanhu panguva sarudzo.

Mhando mapepa pamusoro nzira zvisikwa zvavo

Uyewo, mashoko mifananidzo akasiyana nenzira yavakanga zvakaitwa.

• Yaitorwa noruoko. Kupfuura yekare uye nguva yakawanda muchimiro mapepa. Nhasi, zvachose kuribvisa Graphics mupepeti unokubvumira uswedere posita pakombiyuta, uye ipapo kuadhinda.
• Chinovhara-sirika-screen rokudhinda. mapepa aya akaita kushandisa chine templates, kuti havadikanwi avo musiki inokosha hwokudhirowa unyanzvi.
• Akadhindwa. Rakajairika uye nyore nzira kusika ruzivo uye zvokushambadzira mifananidzo. Nhasi, iye vakabudirira yakatsiva dzimwe nzira dzose.