Reflex - i ... Munhu anofungisisa - izvi ndezvipi?

Chii chinosiyanisa munhu kufunga kubva kumiti, munhu kubva padombo, munhu kubva kuguruva? Chii chinokubvumira kuti uwedzere pamusoro pemaitiro ekuti iwe uye, uchitarisa kumashure, uongorore mamiriro acho ezvinhu, iwe pachako kukanganisa uye kukurira kusava nechokwadi? Iko kufungidzirwa - kukwanisa kwekufunga kwevanhu kuzvitsvaga kutsvakurudza.

Mukushandura kubva muchiLatin reflexio - kukumbira zvakare. Unhu hunofungidzira haugone kutarisisa nyika yakamupoteredza, asiwo kuongorora zvaanoita, pfungwa uye migumisiro yehupenyu hwake muupenyu hwake. Izvi hazviyeuchidzo zvishoma, kukanganisa kwe "zvinhu zvemazuva akapfuura," kufungidzira. Iyi ingano yekufungidzira inogona kuchinja kune zviri nani remangwana rehumwe, hupenyu hwake, mafungiro ake.

Mukududzirwa kwepfungwa yekufungidzira - zvinoreva kunyatsoziva nekunyatsoona zviri mukati mavo, ruzivo rwehupenyu hwavo.

A bit of history. Kufungisisa uye kunamata

Kufungidzirwa kwakakanganiswa muhuzivi hwekare hwechiGiriki: Socrates yakaratidza nzira yekuzviziva-munhu, iyo nyaya yaive basa rekuita kwemweya uye kusanganisa kwayo. Munhu anoramba ruzivo uye anoramba kuzviziva haagoni kuva munhu wemweya-mutsika, haakwanisi kubudirira. Kuratidza ndekukura, kukura mumweya.

MuPlato naAristotle, kufungidzira uye kufunga kwaiva maitiro anowanikwa mune demiurge, chikonzero chaMwari. Ndiyo chete iyo supermind, mumanzwisisiro avo, aikwanisa kubatana kwepfungwa nepfungwa. Iyi pfungwa yakapinda muNeoplatonism, iyo yaifunga kuti kufungidzira hakuna chimwe chinhu kunze kwekuchengetedza rugare rweumwari. Iyi nyanzvi haisi yekutaura uye inowanikwa mukushandurwa kwemazuva ano. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kuratidzwa kunogona kuitwa kubva panzvimbo mbiri. Chigaro chekutanga ndechokuti kunzwisisa kunowanikwa nemumwe munhu: I-kufungidzira. Ndiani anondiziva zviri nani kupfuura ini uye anogona kuongorora pfungwa dzangu nezvido? Ini chete ndoga.

Nzvimbo yechipiri isiri-kuzviratidza. Asi ndiani kunze kwangu anogona kupinda mukati mekuziva kwangu? Mwari chete, ane zvigadziro zveunhu.

Nokudaro, mutendi haangoratidziri uye anoona zviito zvake, anotarisa zvakaitika kwaari, achifunga nezvekuti Mwari anobata sei mabasa ake. Hupenyu hwake hwakarurama here, ane mhosva here?

Mugumisiro wekufungisisa uku kwakapetwa kaviri, uye mhinduro yekutaurirana kwakadaro kwakasimba zvikuru.

Munhu anofungidzira

Muchikamu chemazano akawanda efilosofi, kufungidzirwa kunoonekwa seimwe yezvinhu zvinokosha zvekuziva. Maererano neshoko iri chete ivo vanhu vanoziva nezvematongerwe enyika avo vanogona kufunga kuti vanoziva uye vanofunga. Kungotaura, munhu asingakwanisi kuongorora mafungiro ake haagoni kutumidzwa kufunga. Kushushikana, kusika, asi kwete kufunga.

Kufungidzira kwechechecheche-zero-anoona nyika yakamupoteredza seyechokwadi, vabereki - sechinhu chisingaverengeki chenyika ino. Pakukura kwekukura uye kuwedzera kuzvidzivirira kubva kune vabereki, munhu anokura anotanga kuona uye kunzwisisa zvinopesana. Izvi zvinomuita kuti agamuchire kana kuramba chiremera chevabereki, kunyatsonzwisisa kwezviito zvevanhu vashoma. Iyo nzira yekufungidzira inotangwa, uye kubvira zvino iye zvino munhu anokwanisa chete kugadzirisa uye kukura mumagariro ezvomudzimu uye netsika.

Kufungisisa kwevanhu pachavo hakugoni kufanana. Nharaunda yaro yakasiyana zvichienderana nezera remunhu. Basa guru nekukura kwekufungidzira ndekutanga pakutanga kwehupenyu hwevanhu - padanho rehucheche nekuyaruka, kuyaruka. Pakati pemugwagwa wehupenyu, kufungidzira kunoderedza kuderedza rhythm, uye pakuguma kwehupenyu kunopisa zvachose.

Ndinokwanisa kukura maonero angu here?

Sezvazvakajeka, kufungidzira kune munhu upi zvake zvinoreva kukura kupfuura iwe pachako muchirongwa chemweya. Tinogona here kushanda pane izvi, kukurudzira kukura kwedu mune zvokunamata uye mutsika?

Zvinorevei kuratidza? Kutaura zvinyoronyoro, kuratidzira ndeyekutarisana nekunze kwekunze. Kukonana, matambudziko, kupikisana, nhaurirano, zvisarudzo, kusava nechokwadi - zvose zvinoitika kumunhu zuva rimwe nerimwe. Kunyanya munhu ane zviitiko zvakadaro, mupfumi wake anofungidzira marefu.

Munhu anofungidzira ndeyemunhu chaiye wepachepanalyst uyo anoziva kuisa dambudziko racho uye kuwana mhinduro mune zvaanoona, mune zvakaitika kwaari.

Ihwo humwe hupenyu hwepfungwa ndeyekuti inongoda kuona uye kunzwa zvishoma, kuitira kuti gare gare inogona kuratidza. Iwe unogona kuedza nzira yekufungisisa kufungisisa kwebasa reunyanzvi rinotaridzirwa kumunhu chero upi zvake. Iwe unofunga maawa mangani pamusoro pebhuku rawakangoverenga, bhafirimu yawakatarisa, mufananidzo wakaona? Awa, zuva, vhiki? Unofunga zviitiko kubva mubhuku iwe pachako here, uri kuedza kuongorora zviito zvako mumamiriro ekugadzira chigadzirwa?

Ichi ndicho chidzidzo chako chokufungidzira. Chidzidzo chekutanga chekufungisisa chinogona kukurudzira kunyora pane pepa nyaya dzinokosha uye dzinokosha dzinokubatsira iwe muupenyu hwako hwose. Nokuvaunganidza mune imwe nzvimbo, edza kuisa mhinduro dzemibvunzo nemakato emarudzi akasiyana uye ona kuti ndeipi mibvunzo yako yakawanda. Nezvezvinoreva upenyu? Nezvemabasa ako? Nezveukama nevamwe? Pachikamu chezvinhu zvenyama? Nezvemangwana?

Kuongorora zvaunoshuva nenzira iyi, unogona kuramba uchiratidza munhungamiro yakaoma zvikuru, kuva wakakwana uye uchienderera mberi pakunamata kwako.

Gender approach

Pane dzidziso yehutano hwevakadzi nenzira yekufungisisa. Maererano neshoko iri, rinoreva kuti vakadzi vanowanzofarira kuratidza kupfuura varume, uye izvi zvinokonzerwa, zvichireva, kune imwe nzira dzisinganzwisisiki mune zvekunamata kwehutano husina simba. Izvi zvinopesana hazvina uchapupu hwezvesayenzi.

Kune huwandu hwekucherechedza kwevanodzidza nezvepfungwa, mune izvo zvakaratidzwa zvakasiyana zvekuratidzira kune vamiriri vevakadzi vakasiyana-siyana.

Nokudaro, zvakasimbiswa kuti vakadzi vane hutsika hwakanyanya hwekufungisisa, vanowedzera kutarisira zvido zvavo pachavo kune zvinokuvadza zvido zveumwe. Zvichinyatsojeka, kudzika kweuchenjeri, kwete-kufungidzira zviduku zvevakadzi zvinonyadzisa uye zvine unhu hwakawanda. Nepo kufungidzira vamiririri vevakadzi vanosarudza kuwana kuwirirana uye kupukunyuka kubva kune chinokanganisa pane kusanganiswa muhondo.

Munhu anofungidzira, pane zvinopesana, mumamiriro ekurwisana anoshanda semurwi, achidzivirira zvaanoda. Varume vane runyararo rwekufungidzira kucharatidza kugadzirisa, kuchinja mafambiro mumamiriro ekurwisana.

Nokudaro, kuenzanisira pamusoro pezvataurwa, zvinoita kuti utaure nechivimbo kuti kuratidza ndekuve munhu kufunga, kunzwa, kuongorora. Iyi pfuma yehupenyu hwevanhu inotisiyanisa isu kubva kune vamwe vamiririri venyika ino, uye iyo dzimba inokwanisa kuunza unhu hwevanhu kune imwe nzira, yakasiyana neyemhando yekuvandudza.