Russian nyanduri Apollon Grigoryev: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Remakore rechi19 pasina chikonzero akadana yendarama zera Russian nhetembo. Panguva ino, tiri akasika vemifananidzo vakawanda zvikuru shoko, pakati pavo pakange Apollon Grigoriev. Biography ake, ataurwa munyaya ino achakupai pfungwa mukuru pamusoro murume uyu unyanzvi. Apollon Aleksandrovich Grigorev (Makore oupenyu - 1822-1864) Unonzi nyanduri Russian, mushanduri, mafirimu uye mabhuku mutsoropodzi, memoirist.

Origin A. A. Grigoreva

Apollon Aleksandrovich akaberekwa muMoscow musi July 20, 1822. sekuru vake aiva murimi vakanga vauya Moscow kunoshanda kubva kure province. Nokuti basa ravo rakaoma muhurumende mabasa murume uyu akagamuchira knighthood. Kana baba vake Apollon Grigoriev, iye kuteerera kuda vabereki uye akabatanidza hwavo nomwanasikana serf mutyairi. Chete gore pashure pokuberekwa mwanakomana wake Apollo vabereki takaroorana, saka mudetembi ramangwana rakanga sechinhu mwana ane mubvandiripo. Apollo Grigoriev akakwanisa pachake kwamachinda chete muna 1850, apo akanga ari chinzvimbo gurukota titular. Noble rokuremekedza Saka yadzorerwa.

nguva yokudzidziswa, zvevafundisi basa

Nyanduri ramangwana akadzidza kumba. Izvi zvakaita kuti akwanise kuita pakarepo kuna Moscow University, Rwaipfuura chesekondari. Pano, panzvimbo Mutemo School, vakapinda hurukuro pamusoro M. P. Pogodina, T. N. Granovskogo, SP Shevyreva nevamwe. Gamba redu vamwe mudzidzi Ya. P. Polonsky uye A. A. Fet. Navo zviri kurongwa mabhuku denderedzwa umo mudetembi muduku verenga mabasa avo mumwe nomumwe. Muna 1842 iye kudzidza kubva University of Apollon Aleksandrovich. Pashure paizvozvo, akashanda ari muraibhurari, uye akazova Munyori Board. Zvisinei, Grigoriev haana kupiwa zvevafundisi basa - protocols akanga mutsigo, vakakanganwa kuvanyora nokuparadzira mabhuku.

bhuku rokutanga

Kubvira muna 1843 akatanga kubudisa Apollon Grigoriev. nhetembo dzake dzakabuda chaizvo mubasa nguva kubva 1843 kusvika 1845 vakabatsira ichi rusina kukwana mberi manzwiro kuti A. F. Korsh. Misoro Vakawanda acho Grigorieva akatsanangura zvakajeka ichi rudo mutambo - spontaneity uye rusingadzorwi manzwiro, zvinouraya chido, rudo-mutsimba. Nguva iyi ndiyo inonzi "kometi", apo mhirizhonga kudanana manzwiro kuenzaniswa muchadenga nyanduri pezvakaitwa. idzodzi varipo rokutanga nziyo prose Apollo Alexandrovich, kwakaitwa muchimiro dhayari. Basa anonzi "Pages zvinyorwa tarira sophist" (kunyorwa 1844, yakabudiswa muna 1917).

Makore hwake muSt Petersburg

Kuremerwa chikwereti, yakaparadzwa pashure mwoyo norudo, Grigoriev akasarudza kutanga upenyu hutsva. Iye muchivande vakaenda St. Petersburg, apo akanga asina shamwari. Grigoriev munguva kubvira 1844 kusvika 1845 vamboshanda weSeneti uye kanzuru tsika, asi akasarudza kusiya basa kuitira kuti kupira nguva yake yose kunyora. Grigoriev akanyora mutambo uye nhetembo, uye prose, uye mutambo, uye mabhuku kutsoropodzwa. Muna 1844-1846 gg. Apollon Aleksandrovich akaita collaborated ne "Repertoire uye Pantheon." Magazini akatora inotungamirwa ayo ari munyori. Iye akabudisa nyaya dzinonetsa panhau yemitambo, wongororo kuti zvesimba, uyewo akawanda nhetembo yemadhirama mundima "Two udyire" (mu 1845). Zvino trilogy ake, okutanga - "Man of Future", wechipiri - "kuziva My ne Vitalina" uye yokupedzisira - "Ophelia". Apollon Grigoriev hwaibatanidzwawo mushanduro (kwaiva "Antigone pamusoro Sophocles" muna 1846, "Chikoro Varume Moliere" uye mamwe mabasa).

Kudzokera Moscow

Grigoriev aiva norupo hunhu kuti akamuita kuchinja zvinodavirwa, kumhanya kubva zvakanyanyisa kune umwe, kuti titsvake neururami itsva uye rudo. Muna 1847, mwoyo muSt Petersburg, akadzokera kuMoscow. Pano akatanga pamwe pepanhau "Moscow City shizha". Pakati mabasa iyi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa 4 nyaya Grigorieva "Gogol uye ichangobva bhuku rake," akasika muna 1847.

muchato

Zvegore, Apollon Aleksandrovich kusungira fundo. mudzimai Apollon Grigoriev akanga hanzvadzi A. F. Korsh. Nokukurumidza, zvisinei, nokuda kwayo zvoufuza mufambiro muchato yaishaiswa. Grigoryev zvakare akatanga nguva nokurwadziwa mupfungwa uye nokukangaidzika. mabasa akawanda iyi, upenyu mudetembi wacho, zvichida vangadai vasina kusikwa kana kwete nokuti mudzimai Apollona Grigoreva wake zvoufuza maitiro. Panguva ino, Apollon Aleksandrovich akabudisa enhetembo kutenderera rakanzi "Diary rudo uye munyengetero." Muna 1879, akanga zvachose rakabudiswa ichi kutenderera, pashure akafa Apollon Grigoriev. Poems yaiswamo vanozviitira akanaka mweni uye rusina kukwana mberi rudo naye.

Teaching, Grigoriev mutsoropodzi

Munguva kubva 1848 kusvika 1857 Apollon Aleksandrovich aiva mudzidzisi. Akatungamirira jurisprudence muzvikoro zvakawanda. Panguva iyoyowo iye collaborated pamwe magazini uye akasika mabasa matsva. Muna 1850, Gregory neshamwari pamwechete Vapepeti "Moskvityanin". Akaronga "nyaya mudonzvo muduku" pamwe A. N. Ostrovskim. Kutaura zvazviri, kwaiva kutsoropodzwa dhipatimendi "Moskvityanin".

Somunhu mutsoropodzi Apollon Grigoriev panguva ino anova chikuru munhoroondo yemitambo madenderedzwa. Akaparidza mashoko Akasununguka uye realism ari kuita uye playwriting. nezvinobvamo zhinji uye mitambo aikoshesa Apollon Grigoriev. About "Storm" Ostrovsky akanyora izvozvo zvikurukuru sezvo basa ounyanzvi. The chikuru mukana kutamba mutsoropodzi vakafunga mano kunyora zvokudetemba uye zvakarurama ufananidzirepo Russian National upenyu. Grigoriev akati runako dzematunhu upenyu uye kunaka Russian hunhu uye zviitiko tsaona vanotaurwa muna chigadzirwa, asiri akabata.

Apollon Grigoriev kunzi munyori rokuti "Pushkin - ndiye zvose." Kusikwa Alexander, Chokwadi, Akagadzawo yakakwirira kwazvo. pfungwa dzake unofadza zvikuru, kunyanya zvaakataura pamusoro Apollo Grigoryev Evgenii Onegine. Vatsoropodzi vanoti kuti mwoyo Eugene wakabatana ayo dzinongoitika yokusafa kutsoropodza, inova inoitika Russian pfungwa. Apollon Aleksandrovich akati kuti nzanga haisi mhosva kuti mwoyo uye chirwatata, dzichitsvaira Onegin. Akacherechedza kuti vakanga vasingadi zvinobva kusava nechokwadi uye hasha, kufanana mwana Harold, uye Eugene kuti giftedness.

Muna 1856, "Moskvityanin" yakavharwa. Pashure paizvozvo Apollo Alexandrovich akakoka vamwe magazini, akadai "Contemporary" uye "Russian kukurukura." Zvisinei, akanga achida kubvuma chete kana pauzima nhungamiro inokosha dhipatimendi. Naizvozvo, Nhaurirano yakaguma mabhuku chete nhetembo, nyaya uye shanduro Grigorieva.

rudo itsva

Muna 1852-57 gg. Grigorev Apollon Aleksandrovich relived rusina kukwana mberi rudo, nguva ino kuna dza Wizard. Muna 1857 wakaonekera enhetembo kutenderera "Fighting," izvo zvinosanganisira zvikuru akakurumbira ndima Grigorieva "Hungarian yechiGypsy" uye "Oh, ndiudzei dzinenge imi muri pamwe neni ...". Blok akadana mabasa awa nemaparera mashoko Russian.

Trip kuti Europe

Apollon Grigoriev, akava muperekedzi uye womunguva Prince I. Yu. Trubetskogo, akaenda Europe (Italy, France). Munguva kubva 1857 kusvika 1858 aigara Florence Paris, tichishanyira mamiziyamu. Kumusha, Grigoriev akaenda kudhinda, kubva 1861 ari kushingaira vaidyidzana magazini "ichikosha" uye "Nguva", dzakanga inotungamirwa Fyodor M. M. Dostoevskie uye. Dostoevsky akarayira Apollonu Aleksandrovichu kuumba memoir vemazuva ano okukura, uye kuti akatapa Apollo Grigoriev. okugadzira zvinhu ake rinosanganisira "My skitalchestva chaiko uye tsika" - mugumisiro mutongo dzichitaurwa nyaya.

Kwouzivi uye aesthetic maonero Grigorieva

Kwouzivi uye aesthetic maonero Grigoriev aumba pasi pokudzora Slavophilism (Khomyakova) uye Romantic (Emerson, Schelling, Carlyle). Aiziva yakaoma dzechitendero uye nyika-yemadzitateguru nenheyo muupenyu vanhu. Zvisinei, basa rake riri pamwe kutsoropodzwa kwakakwana munharaunda kutanga puritanical kutonga pamusoro mabhuku. Apollon Aleksandrovich uyewo akadzivirira pfungwa national kubatana chi- uye post-Petrine kumwedzi. Aidavira kuti Westernism uye Slavophilism unhu Kuderedza yezvinoreva enhoroondo upenyu zvirongwa, husingaoneki theorizing. Zvisinei, maererano Grigoriev, nzanga akakodzera pakati Slavophiles husina nani pane Westernism chirongwa kuti anoona akanaka kusachinja-chinja kwayo (akapfeka yunifomu vanhu mabharaki).

Grigorieva Maonero akaratidza zvizere kutsoropodzwa Organic akasika dzidziso. Nyaya yokudana mumwe makemikari kutsoropodzwa unoenderana kunzwisisa makemikari hunhu ounyanzvi, izvo mudzidziso zvokugadzirwa nevanhu siyana zvipenyu rakatanga. Maererano naye, uri - muupenyu, ayo akanaka okuti, kwete kopi chaiyoiyo.

kunyanya nhetembo

Grigoriev kuti nhetembo rakavapo pasi pokudzora Lermontov. Apollon Aleksandrovich aizviti wokupedzisira rudo. Vavariro yacho kusawirirana kwenyika uye kutambura tariro zviri nechepakati kuti basa rake. Kazhinji ichapfachukira ichipinda hysterical vanzwe kunofara, mitambo yokuzvifadza. Vakawanda nhetembo Grigorieva (kunyanya ichitanga guta) nokuda chakasimba munzanga wezwi waiva zvakaoma kubudisa. Izvi zvaibvira chete mhiri kwemakungwa Russian wokudhinda. Kazhinji, tiri kufarira wokufananidzira nhaka munyori kwazvo unequally, asi zvakanaka zvaakasika dzakasiyana kwahwo uye manzwiro kunoshamisa.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Apollon Grigoriev upenyu hwake kuti Mwari haako uye husinganzwisisiki Slavophile uye and freemason, muvengi-polemicist uye shamwari yakanaka, Musiyadzasukwa uye tsika munhu. Pakupedzisira, kunyanyisa izvi zvose akaputsa naye. Apollon Grigoriev kungodzungaira chikwereti. Muna 1861, akamanikidzwa kugara kunze chikwereti jeri. Pashure paizvozvo, okupedzisira nguva akaedza kuchinja upenyu hwake, izvo akaenda Orenburg. Pano Grigoriev aiva mudzidzisi iri kadheti Corps. Zvisinei, rwendo urwu chete kuwedzera kwokufara nyanduri. Uyezve, kamwe zvakare paiva kumbozorora nomudzimai wake M. F. Dubrovskoy. Apollon Aleksandrovich kuwedzera kutsvaka yokukanganwa newaini. Kudzoka kubva Orenburg, rakashanda, asi pamwe zvinovhiringidza. Grigoriev akadzivisa pedyo mabhuku kumapati, chete aida kushumira unyanzvi.

Rufu A. A. Grigoreva

Muna 1864 Apollonu Aleksandrovichu akanga kaviri kushanda chikwereti jeri. ndaneta zvachose mupfungwa zviitiko, muSt Petersburg nokuda sitiroko akafa Apollon Grigoriev. Biography yake inopera September 25, 1864.