SanPiN: disinfection uye mbereko kuti mishonga

MuRussia, vose masangano zvinobatanidzwa zvokurapa mabasa anofanira vanosungirwa kushanda maererano inoomesera nezvinodiwa, ramakagadzwa chinokosha nzvimbo anotora disinfection zvakakodzera uye mbereko zvokurapa mano.

Sei kutevedza mureza

Nhasi, vakawanda, kunyange kure mushonga varume kusaina izwi akadai nosocomial chirwere. Izvi zvinosanganisira chero chirwere kuti anorwara kana nokuda kwayo pekuhwa- nda chevanorwara zvokurapa, kana sangano mudonzvo iri pakuita mabasa avo. Maererano nenhamba, mu zvomusejari zvipatara pachiyero anogumbura zviome pashure kushanda, mambure 12-16% muna gynecological matambudziko pashure akavhiyiwa kuitika muna 11-14% yevakadzi. Aongorora sechivako hwevanhu vanorwara zvakava pachena kuti 7 kusvika 14% kwevacheche utachiona muzvipatara uye chiremba vachiravana.

Chokwadi, zvakadaro muenzaniso inogona kuchengetwa kwete zvose zvokurapa masangano uye kuwanda rwavo runotsamira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai mhando kupfungwa, hunhu rubatsiro, kusimba nokupfuuridzirwa zvigadziriswe pakati nosocomial zvirwere, ayo mamiriro. Against ichi nechekumashure, mumwe mukuru vasiri dzakananga matanho kudzivirira kubuda uye kupararira nosocomial zvirwere ndiwo disinfection uye mbereko zvokurapa mano.

pamutemo zvinyorwa

In basa rayo, utano zvivako zvose vanotungamirirwa kunenge enshrined mumirau zhinji. The chikuru Gwaro iri SanPin (disinfection uye mbereko kuti mishonga imomo ari oga chikamu). Latest dzokororo akabvumirwa muna 2010. Rinotaurawo anosarudza kushanda zvipatara zvinosanganisira mitemo inotevera.

1. Mutemo nhamba 52, iyo yakazivisa epidemiological kuchengeteka kwevanhu.
2. Order № 408 (nemavhairasi chiropa) of 12.07.1984.
3. Order nhamba 720 (kurwisa nosocomial noutachiona).
4. Chirayirai kubva 03.09.1999, ari (kukura disinfection).

OST "mbereko uye disinfection zvokurapa mano» № 42-21-2-85 zvakare imwe huru zvinyorwa yokudzora kubudiswa mureza zvishandiso. Kuti vanotungamirirwa kuzvipatara zvose.

Uyezve, pane vazhinji nhungamiro (MU), disinfection uye mbereko zvokurapa mano umo kuonekwa nemaonero akasiyana mishonga yokuuraya utachiona mvumo kuti chinangwa ichi. Nhasi, nokuti vakawanda pamutemo aifarirwa tisare. zvinoreva nhungamiro yakakodzera zvakare chinokosha magwaro iro basa outano pasi kuvakwa. Pari, mureza kubudiswa mudziyo chinosanganisira akatevedzana matanho matatu - disinfection, JI uye mbereko zvokurapa mano.

disinfection

Disinfection anonzi kuva zviyero semubairo iyo utachiona vanoparadzwa zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira pamusoro (masvingo, uriri, mahwindo, fenicha zvakaoma, pamusoro midziyo), utano zvigadzirwa (mucheka, tableware, utsanana midziyo), uyewo muviri zvinwiwa, voga wevarwere uye zvichingodaro. D.

Panoongororwa panobva chirwere rinoitwa chiitiko, inonzi "zvatichiri disinfection." chinangwa chayo kuparadza utachiona zvakananga kwakaratidza nzvimbo. Zvinotevera mhando zvatichiri disinfection:

• ano - kuti rinoitwa muzvipatara kudzivisa kupararira chirwere;
• yokupedzisira - pashure kunobva utachiona iri voga, kuti munhu anorwara munhu muchipatara.

Uyezve, pane preventative disinfection. mabasa ayo yaitwa nguva dzose, zvisinei kunobva chirwere. Zvinosanganisira kugeza maoko, kuchenesa dzakapoterera hukawanika uchishandisa vamiririri vane bactericidal yokuvirisa.

disinfection nzira

Zvichienderana zvinangwa anotevera disinfection nzira dzinoshandiswa:

• Mechanical: Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakananga zvokuimba chiito panyaya - kuchenesa nyoro, tapping panze kana kugogodza-kunze zvekufuga - haina kuuraya utachiona, asi kwenguva duku chete kuderedza nhamba yavo;
• Physical: ultraviolet dzokupisa, mukuru kana yakaderera tembiricha - ichi kana kuparadza ndiyo nyaya iri zvakarurama pamusoro tembiricha uye chokupfeka nguva;
• Chemistry: kuparadzwa pathogenic tusingaoneki vane mishonga - kutiva, achipukuta kana chinhu kudiridza namakemikari mhinduro (rakajairika uye vakarongeka nzira);
• bhayoroji - iyi kana kushandiswa antagonist pamusoro microorganism kuti kunodiwa kuparadza (kunyanya kushandiswa kunyatsonzwisisa bacteriological paredhiyo);
• Combined - Chine nzira wandei disinfection.

OST "mbereko uye disinfection zvokurapa mano" 42-21-2-85 dzinofunga kuti nomunyika disinfection muitiro kunofanira zvose zvinhu uye zvokushandisa izvo murwere aiva kuonana. In dzoutano zvivako kuti kushandisa mumuviri kana makemikari disinfection nzira. Pamusoro Payakapera, chigadzirwa, zvichienderana kwavaienda, vari zvakare kupatsanurwa, zvishandiswezve kana kuzodzosera kushandiswa.

pre-sterilized kuchenesa

Disinfection uye mbereko zvokurapa mano kuti vakawanda zviridzwa kuti sterilized inopa kunyange uye pre-kuchenesa, izvo zvinoitika mushure disinfecting chigadzirwa. Chinangwa danho iri kokupedzisira zvokuimba kusukwa residues mafuta uye mapuroteni utachiona uyewo Pharmaceuticals.

New SanPiN, disinfection uye mbereko kuti mishonga iri kukurukurwa nezvayo, anopa zvinotevera nzendo PSO.

1. Mumaminitsi 0.5 chigadzirwa yasukwa pasi mvura inoyerera kubvisa residual disinfectant mhinduro.
2. In wash rinodhaka, nokuti pagadzirwe izvo chete anotenderwa mumiriri kushandiswa, zvigadzirwa inenge yakanyura zvizere kunyudza. Pakadaro, kana ivo ine zvakawanda zvikamu chigadzirwa inofanira namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, uye iva nechokwadi chokuti zvose in vakazadzwa kugadzirisa. Kana rokutsvaira mhinduro tembiricha 50º dzokupisa iri maminitsi 15.
3. Pashure nguva chigadzirwa nechimwe Via munhu Ruff kana gauze tampon kuti 0.5 miniti Ugeze chete mhinduro.
4. Pemvura sukurudza zvigadzirwa. Duration sukurudza kunobva rinoshandiswa mumiririri ( "Astra", "Lotus" - maminitsi 10 "Progress" - 5 "Biolot" - 3).
5. Rinsing mu kwakadonhera mvura masekondi 30.
6. Kupwa munzvimbo inopisa mhepo nokuomesa yamavira.

Kuti agadzirire rokutsvaira mhinduro inoshandiswa 5 g CMC ( "Progress", "Astra", "Lotus", "Biolot"), perhydrol 33% - 16 g, kana 27.5% - 17 akanga akabvumira kushandiswa 6% (85 d ) uye 3% (170 g) kuti hydrogen peroxide, potable mvura - 1 fő.

Modern zvishandiso kushandiswa disinfection, anobvumira kuti nokubatanidza dzinotsanagura disinfection uye PCP. Muchiitiko chino, pashure dzokuteerera zvakananga tisare. mushonga akasungwa ershevanie maturusi uye napamusoro - hunotevedzana nzendo ose JI.

yepamusoro kuzvidzora

JV, disinfection uye mbereko zvokurapa namano kuti kupendwa sezvariri danho nedanho, teererai kukuru unhu kudzora kunenge kugadzira. Kuti aite izvi, aidzidza mharidzo rokudzora pasina kubatwa muropa, uye zvimwe proteinaceous yeimwe uyewo unhu Washing detergents. Control riri pasi rimwe muzana zvakaipa zviridzwa.

Phenolphthalein kutongwa kuongorora papi kwazvo pamwe sipo zvigadzirwa vabviswa, izvo zvave panguva presterilizing okuchenesa. Nokuti mabasa ake pamusoro swab rinoshandisirwa vashomanana apedza 1% phenolphthalein mhinduro, uye ipapo uchapusika zvigadzirwa kuti vanoda kuti aedze. Kana paine vaaleanpunainen dziberekane, unhu washing detergents yechimiro chedungamunhu kukwana.

Disinfection uye mbereko zvokurapa mano inoda zvichiongororwa Panguva ose, uye mumwe mharidzo, izvo zvinoita kuti kuongorora sei zvakanaka yokutanga matanho rakaitwa - nayo azopiramovaya mharidzo. It Anoongorora kuvapo kana kusavapo residual ropa pamusoro pavo, uye zvinodhaka. Nokuti kuita zvayo inodiwa azopirama mhinduro iyo vakabika inogona akachengetedza 2 months mu firiji (pa nzvimbo tembiricha, iyi iri pfupi kuti mwedzi mumwe). A dzisavhiringidza of reagent pasina emadhaka asingadi kukanganisa unhu kwayo.

Nokuti mharidzo chete asati kuita zvakafanana nhamba azopirama uye 3% rehydrogen peroxide vakanga vakavhengana uye vakashandisa kuedza musi ropa chidodzi. Chimiro Violet ruvara kunoratidza kuti reagent mushandi - unogona kutanga bvunzo. To reagent vakagadzirira yakakanyiwa swab ichi uye uchapusika pemvura zvokushandisa uye zvokushandisa. The zvigadzirwa ane mhango migero, kuti madonhwe reagent shoma anoiswa mukati uye pakupera 1 miniti, ongorora migumisiro, vachiteerera ngwariro chaiyo mapfundo. Kuri kuti paiva Violet ruvara, zvishoma nezvishoma akatendeukira kupinda Pink-Lilac ruvara, kuziva kuvapo ropa. Brownish ruvara kunoratidza kuvapo nengura mushava - chlorinated zvinhu.

For zvakakodzera kunyatsoongorora migumisiro azopiramovoy mharidzo vanofanira kufunga zvinoverengeka:

• mharidzo anonzi akanaka chete kana paiva staining panguva yokutanga miniti ari mushure pokushandisa reagent;
• kushanda mhinduro inogona kushandiswa chete kwemaawa maviri pashure kubika yokutanga;
• zvigadzirwa kunge ari nzvimbo tembiricha (pamusoro inopisa pemvura mharidzo havazomukizve anodzidzisa);
• zvisinei migumisiro chigadzirwa hwaakange mharidzo yakanga kusukwa nemvura uye zvakare pasi yokunatsa vakatakura predsteriztsionnoy.

Kana nemigumisiro mushure ivhu yose batch mangé zvakare pasi zvakaipa mugumisiro.

mbereko

Mbereko ndeyekupedzisira danho iri kubudiswa avo zvigadzirwa vari kwaaita ronda pose mucosa kana ropa, uyewo gadziriro injectable. Saka pane zvachose mhando dzose zvigare, zvose vegetative uye spore. Akatakura vose manipulations nokudaro yaidzorwa dzakadaro akadzama normative gwaro Moh, sezvo ndarayira. Mbereko uye disinfection zvokurapa mano kugadzirwa zvinoenderana chaizvo ari yezvokurapa pakagadzwa, uye avo chinangwa. Akaramba sterilized zvigadzirwa, zvichienderana pasuru mwedzi anogona zuva nhanhatu.

mbereko nzira

Nzira dzekufambisa disinfection uye mbereko zvokurapa mano vari siyanei mumwe. Mbereko iri kuitwa anotevera nzira:

• chafariz - mhepo, chiutsi, glasperlenovy;
• mushonga - gasi kana kugadzirisa kuti makemikari;
• yeplasma kana ozone;
• nemwaranzi.

In zvokurapa Masangano kazhinji chiutsi, mhepo, kana makemikari nzira. Saka chinhu chinokosha pakuderedza pamusoro mbereko zvinoitawo nokungwarira pakuchengetwa akarongwa ezvinhu (nguva, tembiricha, kumanikidza). Mode disinfection uye mbereko zvokurapa mano anosarudzwa zvichienderana mashoko kubva iyo workpiece yakaitwa.

mhepo nzira

Saka sterilized zvokurapa zviridzwa, mano uye zvikamu mano zvakagadzirwa nesimbi, girazi uye silicone rabha. Pamberi mbereko kutenderera chigadzirwa anofanira kuomeswa kwazvo.

The kunonyanyisa zvokutsauka kubva tembiricha iri nzira iyi mbereko haafaniri kupfuudza 3 ° C.

hwemvura nzira

Steam nzira ndeyokuita kushandiswa kure yainyanya, nokuda pfupi kutenderera, zvingangoita kushandiswa kwayo nokuda sterilizing nyaya akagadzirwa kupisa vasanonoka zvinhu (akamendwa sutures uye dressings, rabha zvigadzirwa, mapurasitiki, latex). Kusabereka mu nzira iyi kunokwanisika nokushandisa chiutsi yawapihwa pasi overpressure. Izvi zvinoitika muna hwemvura sterilizer kana autoclave.

Zvakasiyana nevezera neChikomonisiti akabvumira 2 makirogiramu / m² uye tembiricha - 1-2 °.

Glasperlenovaya mbereko

Technical rutsigiro zvokurapa masangano achangopfuura makore kwakavandudza yekudyidzana uye izvi munyaya yokupedzisira SP (disinfection uye mbereko zvokurapa mano). New mbereko nzira, rave richishandiswa nevakawanda muzvipatara - nayo glasperlenovaya mbereko. Zvinonzi achinyatsotaurira inopisa kushandisa svikiro kuti 190 - 330 ° girazi marozari. The mbereko kwacho kunoda maminitsi, uye mushure chokushandisa zvagadzirirwa kushandiswa. The Zvakashatira Nzira ichi ndechokuti zvinogona kudzivirira duku chete maturusi saka rinoshandiswa kureva muna mazino mahofisi.

Disinfection, kuchenesa, mbereko zvokurapa mano dzinokosha okunze ari ano zvoutano zvivako. On ose mabasa chichaitwa pamwe, izvo enshrined mu mitemo aifarirwa Bazi Health, achavaponesa utano zvose varwere uye vanachiremba.